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《Experimental mycology》1987,11(1):11-18
Nineteen lines ofV. volvacea were obtained from worldwide sources and analyzed for allozyme activity. Twelve loci (Aat, Acp-2, Dia, Est-4, Gipi, Lap-1, Pep-GL, Pep-LLL-1, Pep-LLL-2, Pgm, Pgd, andSod) were monomorphic; 5 loci (Ada, Gpt, Mpi, Np, andPep-PAP) were polymorphic. Nine unique genotypes were distinguished among the 19 lines. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was used to confirm intraspecific crosses between putative homokaryons. Putative homokaryons were recognized by electrophoresis of single-spore-derived cultures and used as breeding stock. These breeding stocks were grown together in dual culture on agar, and selections were made from the interaction zone. These selections were then transferred to make spawn. Intraspecific crosses were confirmed by the presence of heteromeric allozymes. To determine single and joint segregation of biochemical loci, 84 single-spore-derived offspring from a confirmed hybrid sporocarp with five heterozygous loci were analyzed. Mendelian segregation was verified for the five loci. One linkage (Np withGpt,r=0.0) was found among 10 pairwise comparisons for joint segregation. The basidiospores ofV. volvacea are haploid and homokaryotic isolates may mate to yield heterokaryons. 相似文献
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Mitochondrial DNA variation in natural populations of the mushroom Agaricus bisporus 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
JIANPING XU RICHARD W. KERRIGAN ANTON S. SONNENBERG PHILIPPE CALLAC PAUL A. HORGEN & JAMES B. ANDERSON 《Molecular ecology》1998,7(1):19-33
We investigated the patterns of mitochondrial DNA variation in the global population of the commercial mushroom Agaricus bisporus . Through the analysis of RFLP's among 441 isolates from nine countries in North America and Eurasia, we found a total of 140 mtDNA haplotypes. Based on population genetic analysis, there are four genetically distinct natural populations in this species, found in coastal California, desert California, France and Alberta (Canada). While 134 of the 140 mtDNA haplotypes were unique to single geographical regions, two mtDNA haplotypes, mt001 and mt002, were found in almost every population surveyed. These two mtDNA haplotypes also predominate among cultivars used throughout the world for at least the last two decades. These two mtDNA haplotypes are more similar to the cosmopolitan groups of mtDNA haplotypes than to the indigeneous clusters of mtDNA haplotypes from the two Californian regions. 相似文献
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Agaricus bisporus grew well in submerged culture in a medium containing malt extract, phosphate, and casein. Moderate growth occurred in defined
media containing glucose, asparagine, phenylalanine, vitamins and minerals. Other amino acids did not stimulate growth.
Growth was stimulated by vegetable oils, partly due to utilization of the oils, and partly to a more complex mechanism. Oleates
had the same effect as vegetable oils; palmitates a lesser one. In shaken flasks maximum yield was reached after 22–24 days
and in stirred and aerated fermentors after 8–10 days. Besides dry weight of mycelium, laccase activity was determined. The
latter determination is suitable for a rapid estimation of the growth in routine experiments.
The flavour of the mycelium was like that of mushrooms but weaker. It was strongest in standing liquid cultures and on solid
media. The mycelium grown in submerged culture was suitable as spawn for mushroom culture.
Presented at the First International Mycological Congress, Exeter, 7–16 September 1971, and at the Meeting of the Netherlands
Society for Microbiology, Rotterdam, 8 December 1971.
We thank the Mushroom Experiment Station, Horst, the Netherlands, for kindly supplying the compost for fructification experiments
and Mr. P. Arntz, M.Sc., for advice in the fermentor work. F. IJ. Dijkstra is indebted to the Royal Netherlands Fermentation
Industries (Gist-Brocades), Delft, for a research grant. 相似文献
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Microbially induced diseases of Agaricus bisporus: biochemical mechanisms and impact on commercial mushroom production 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach, the most common cultivated mushroom, is susceptible to a wide range of virus, bacterial, and fungal diseases. However, only some diseases were studied for the mechanisms involved in the host–microorganism interaction. This review deals with biochemical mechanisms related to cavity disease (Burkholderia gladioli) and to the interaction between A. bisporus and the causal agents responsible for the most severe diseases, namely the bacteria Pseudomonas tolaasii and Pseudomonas reactans and the fungi Trichoderma aggressivum and Lecanicillium fungicola. 相似文献
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《Small Ruminant Research》2001,39(1):3-10
Genetic variation at 18 microsatellite loci was analysed in six indigenous Spanish sheep: Churra; Latxa; Manchega; Rasa-Aragonesa; Castellana and Merino. Merinos had frequently the highest number of alleles per locus, whereas Latxas showed the lowest one at many loci. Markers ordered decreasingly according to the number of variants differentiated in the whole population were: MAF70; TGLA13; CSSM66; BM143, BM6444; MAF36; MAF64; CSSM6; TGLA53; OarFCB11; MAF33; BM4621; MAF48; MAF65; BM1258; ILSTS002; ADCYC and OarCP34. Parameters of variability such as effective number of alleles and gene diversities corroborated the high level of variation frequently displayed by microsatellite markers. Comparison of allele distributions among populations and loci did not reveal consistent shapes. Distributions were centralised in some cases, whereas in others some kind of skewness was evident. Breed-specific alleles were detected at most loci, being frequent in Merinos and rare in Churras. 相似文献
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Agaricus bisporus is able to use urate, allantoin, allantoate, urea and alloxanate as nitrogen sources for growth. The presence of urate oxidase,
allantoinase, ureidoglycolase and urease activities, both in fruit bodies and mycelia, points to a degradative pathway for
urate similar to that found in various microorganisms. So far all efforts, to demonstrate the enzyme responsible for allantoate
degradation failed. A urease inhibitor appeared to be present in cell-free extracts, from fruit bodies. 相似文献
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Nutrition and the Development of Mushroom Flavor in Agaricus campestris Mycelium 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
Ahmad M. Moustafa 《Applied microbiology》1960,8(1):63-67
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V M McGowan T E Reed M S Schanfield S Goliah T Poon-King 《American journal of physical anthropology》1990,81(4):555-562
The sera of a sample of 204 Creoles from Trinidad were tested for the presence of polymorphic gene complexes occurring on immunoglobulin light- and heavy-chain molecules including the allotypic markers IGKC 1, IGHA2 1 and 2, IGHG1 A, X, F, and Z, and IGHG3 G, G5, B0, B1, B3, B4, B5, C3, C5, S, and T. Nine IGHG (GM) haplotypes occur in polymorphic frequencies (greater than .01) in this population, including known African, Asian, Caucasian, and Amerindian marker haplotypes. Significant differences (P less than .01) were found in the frequency distributions of three IGHG (GM) haplotypes and the frequency of IGKC*1 in these data and data from Creole populations of Belize and St. Vincent. The Creoles of Trinidad and St. Vincent are more similar in IGHG (GM) haplotype distributions than are Trinidad and Belize populations. Previous testing has revealed no significant differences between St. Vincent and Belize Creoles at the Ig allotypic loci. Analysis of migration patterns in the Caribbean suggests that different rates of Asian migration have maintained regional diversity at these loci, while continuous gene flow from the eastern Caribbean to Trinidad has had a relative homogenizing effect on the gene pools of this area. 相似文献
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Advances in genetic analysis and biotechnology of the cultivated button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
During the last decade several major breakthroughs have been achieved in mushroom biotechnology, which greatly enhanced classical
mushroom breeding. DNA-based technologies such as restriction fragment length polymorphisms and randomly amplified polydisperse
DNA sequences have allowed for a measure of genetic diversity, for the isolation of homokaryons, for the determination of
inheritance of nuclear and mitochondrial markers, and for the production of a genetic linkage map. The recent availability
of ready-to-use and affordable DNA technologies has resulted in a substantial increase in the number of Agaricus bisporus genes that have been identified and characterized. A major breakthrough was achieved in 1996 when the first successful and
stable transformation system of A. bisporus was reported. Together, the availability of an increasing number of known genes and the possibility to produce transgenic
mushrooms will result in a better understanding of the molecular, physiological and biochemical processes that are essential
for mushroom production, shelf life and quality aspects such as flavor, texture and disease resistance. Some potential targets
for strain improvement are discussed, such as the genes involved in brown discoloration, substrate utilization, carbon and
nitrogen metabolism, and fruit body development.
Received: 19 January 1999 / Received revision: 27 May 1999 / Accepted: 4 June 1999 相似文献
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M. G. Loftus D. Moore T. J. Elliott 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1988,76(5):712-718
Summary DNA from the cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, was cloned into the bacteriophage lambda vector EMBL3 creating a partial genomic library. Ten random clones from the library were used to probe for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Six of the ten probes detected polymorphisms and were used to demonstrate variation in wild and cultivated strains of the mushroom. These results suggest that RFLPs could form a basis for genetic finger-printing and subsequent strain protection in A. bisporus. In single spore progeny, RFLPs were used to demonstrate normal meiotic segregation and to differentiate between homokaryons and heterokaryons. RFLPs therefore have great potential in the development of the genetics and breeding of this commercially important species. 相似文献