650. CYNORKIS GUTTATA

Cynorkis guttata Hermans & P. J. Cribb in Cynorkis sect. Gibbosorchis , a recently-described orchid from Madagascar, is illustrated. The identities of Cynorkis purpurascens Lindl., C. calanthoides Kraenzlin and the artificial hybrid C . 'Kewensis' are explained.     

Floral morphology of southern African Orchideae. II. Habenariinae

The floral morphology of the southern African genera of Orchideae-Habenariinae (Bonatea, Cynorkis, Habenaria, Platycoryne, Stenoglottis, Centrostigma and Roe-perocharis) is surveyed paying special attention to the gynostemium. Ontogenetic data are provided for the species from which adequate material was available. It is shown that the floral architecture is essentially an elaboration and complication of that found in the better known Orchidinae. The structural similarities are particularly evident in the early ontogeny. Although the tribe Orchideae is commonly said to have gynostemia with erect anthers, a few Habenariinae are reported here to have reflexed anthers. In most cases both 'auricles' (filament excrescences) and 'basal bulges' (staminodes) are united to form the lateral gynostemium appendages. The primordia of both structures are clearly recognizable in the early ontogeny in all species studied. In Habenaria dregeana the basal bulges are only basally fused to the auricles, but in their main portion become adnate to the lip and petal bases: the auricles then solely form the lateral gynostemium appendages. It is suspected that this occurs also in other species not studied here. Systematic and phylogenetic aspects of the southern African representatives of the Habenariinae are discussed: the generic separation of Bonatea, Platycoryne and Centrostigma from Habenaria does not appear justified. Cynorkis, Roeperocharis and Stenoglottis are morphologically dissimilar to Habenaria. Based on the findings in the southern African taxa the status of the Habenariinae, Orchidinae, Orchideae and Diseae is discussed: there is no clear distinction between Habenariinae and Orchidinae; while the Diseae seem to represent a monophyletic group, the Orchideae are possibly polyphyletic.     

Long pollinia on eyes: hawk-moth pollination of Cynorkis uniflora Lindley (Orchidaceae) in Madagascar

NILSSON, L. A., RABAKONANDRIANINA, E., RAZANANAIVO, R. & RANDRIAMANINDRY, J.J., 1992. Long pollinia on eyes: hawk-moth pollination of Cynorkis uniflora Lindley (Orchidaceae) in Madagascar. The pollination biology of Cynorkis uniflora Lindley (Orchidaceae) was studied on a rocky outcrop in a fragment of montane rain forest in central Madagascar. The plant was obligately pollinated by hawk-moths. Nectar was produced in a floral spur and was accessible to hawk-moths with medium-long and long tongues. All observed visits took place during the 80 min following dusk. Floral traits and visits indicated pollination association with endemic hawk-moths of the genera Nephete and Hippotion with medium tongue length and early-evening habits. The orchid pollinia had extraordinarily long caudicles (c. 16 mm) and were carried attached to the hawk-moths' eyes, thus protruding far in front of the face of the pollinator. The ratio between components of floral female and male functions within the orchid population suggested that the much elongated operative male floral parts result from strong and progressively extreme sex-specific selection for acquiring mates via hawk-moths. By far the most frequent flower-visitors of C. uniflora at the study site were long-tongued nectar thieving hawk-moths whose relative abundance probably reflected faunal imbalance caused by the destruction of nearby moth foraging habitats through deforestation.     

Mylonchulus sessus n.sp. (Nematoda: Mononchida) from Brunei

Summary Mylonchulus sessus n.sp. is described. It is close to M. sigmaturus and M. dentatus and was found in soil from around tomato from Brunei. It has an exceptionally well developed and differentiated female reproductive system which is rather unusual in Mylonchulus and, although close to M. sigmaturus and M. dentatus differs from both in having wider amphids and smaller submedian teeth.     

Notes on the little known moss Fissidens firmus Mitt. (Fissidentaceae)

Abstract

Fissidens firmus is revised, described, illustrated and a distribution is provided. It is compared to Fissidens hollianus, Fissidens pseudofirmus, Fissidens sedgwickii and Fissidens touwii. It is provisionally distinguished from F. firmus sensu auct. Fissidens multiflorus is reduced to F. hollianus. Lectotypes are designated for Fissidens multiflorus and Fissidens giesenhagenii. The collection that was reported from India as F. firmus appears to be F. hollianus. Thus, the present Western Ghats collection is effectively the first Indian record of F. firmus.     

Monostephanostomum georgianum n. sp. (Digenea: Acanthocolpidae) from Arripis georgianus (Valenciennes) (Perciformes: Arripidae) off Kangaroo Island,South Australia,with comments on Monostephanostomum Kruse, 1979 and Stephanostomum Looss, 1899

Monostephanostomum georgianum n. sp. is described from Arripis georgianus off Kangaroo Island, South Australia. It differs from its congeners by the presence of a short second row of oral spines. M. manteri Kruse, 1979 is reported from A. georgianus off southern Western Australia and Kangaroo Island, South Australia and A. trutta off northern Tasmania. It is considered that the other two species, M. yamagutii Ramadan, 1984 and M. krusei Reimer, 1983, should probably be removed from this genus. Two new combinations are formed, M. gazzae (Shen, 1990) n. comb. (from Stephanostomum) and M. mesospinosum (Madhavi, 1976) n. comb. (from Stephanostomum). A key to the four recognised species of Monostephanostomum is given.     

Penicillium yugoslavicum sp. nov., isolated from sunflower seeds (Helianthus annuus L.) in Yugoslavia

A new species of Penicillium Link ex Fries is described and illustrated. It was recovered from sunflower seed (Helianthus annuus L.) in Yugoslavia. It clearly differs from all species of the genus described so far and is, therefore, proposed as a new taxon: Penicillium yugoslavicum sp. nov.     

Phyllodiaptomus praedictus n. sp. (Copepoda,Calanoida) from Thailand

Phyllodiaptomus praedictus n. sp. is described from the Bangkok area. It might be endemic to Thailand. It belongs to the blanci-group of species, and is most closely related to P. annae and P. wellekensae.     

Notes on the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Inocybe</Emphasis> of Japan. IV. Species having metuloids collected from Hokkaido,Honshu, and Kyushu

This fourth paper in the series considers five species of Inocybe occurring in Hokkaido, Honshu, and Kyushu. (1) Inocybe furfurea (section Tardae) is recorded from Hokkaido as new to Japan. (2) Inocybe luteola sp. nov. (section Tardae) is described from eastern Honshu (Chiba). It has smooth basidiospores and thick-walled caulocystidia descending to the middle of the stipe. (3) Inocybe napiformis sp. nov. [section Inocybe (= Cortinatae)], known from Hokkaido, appears close to Inocybe napipes, but characters of the metuloids distinguish the two species. (4) Inocybe grammata (section Marginatae) is recorded from Hokkaido and Nagano as new to Japan. (5) Inocybe pyriformis sp. nov. (section Marginatae) is described from Kyushu (Miyazaki). It has nodulose basidiospores and caulocystidia wholly covering the stipe surface. However, I. pyriformis is not typical in the section, lacking a marginate bulbous base in its stipe.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Jurinea turcica</Emphasis> (Asteraceae), a new species from North-West Anatolia,Turkey

Jurinea turcica B.Doǧan & A.Duran sp. nova (Asteraceae) is described and illustrated from North-West Anatolia, Turkey. It is closely related to J. macrocalathia and also an endemic. Diagnostic morphological characters of J. turcica from closely similar taxa are discussed. The pollen characteristics and achene surface morphology of J. turcica and J. macrocalathia are examined by SEM. It is diploid with the chromosome number of 2n = 34.     

The resurrection of Erigeron parryi (Asteraceae)

Erigeron parryi was described in 1890 from a single collection from southwest Montana. No additional collections were made during the following 90 years. Recent floristic treatments have synonomized E. parryi under E. ochroleucus. I used principal components and discriminant analyses of morphological characters to examine the relationship of E. parryi to its presumed closest relatives, E. ochroleucus, E. radicatus, and E. scribneri, in light of several populations discovered in the past 20 years. Erigeron parryi should be considered a distinct species. It can be readily distinguished from closely related species based on indument and caudex morphology. It is allopatric with E. ochroleucus and E. scribneri and ecologically separated from E. radicatus. Erigeron scribneri is intermediate between E. ochroleucus and E. radicatus and is probably best treated as a variety of one or the other of these species.     

A new species of Dalea sect. Parosela (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Amorpheae) from Durango, Mexico

Dalea pseudocorymbosa is described from the western part of the state of Durango, Mexico. It is referred to Dalea subgenus Parosela section Parosela series Psoraleoides. It is morphologically most similar to Dalea tomentosa var. mota but is distinguished from it by characters of the leaf, inflorescence, and flower.

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Resumen   Dalea pseudocorymbosa es descrita de la parte oeste del estado de Durango, México. Pertenece al subgénero Parosela sección Parosela serie Psoraleoides. Es morfológicamente muy similar a Dalea tomentosa var. mota pero se distingue de esta por sus caracteres de hoja, inflorescencia y flores.

     

Genetic control for resistance to leaf rust in wheat-Agropyron lines: Agro 139 and Agro 58

Leaf rust resistance lines of Triticum aestivum carry highly effective Lr genes from Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv. This Agro 58 and Agro 139 resistance segregated independently of Agropyron leaf-rust resistance genes Lr-19, Lr-24 and Lr-9 from Ae. umbellulata. Monosomic analysis showed that the Lr gene in Agro 139 was incorporated into wheat chromosome 6D. C-banding analysis could not determine the C-banding pattern of A. intermedium in wheat -Agropyron lines Agro 58 and Agro 139. It is assumed that the transfers occurred from the euchromatin regions of the Agropyron chromosomes to the euchromatin regions of the wheat chromosomes. It is suggested that the Lr gene from Agro 139 be designated LrAg ⁱ-1 and the Lr gene from Agro 58 designated LrAg ⁱ-2.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Puccinia calystegiae-soldanellae</Emphasis>, a new rust species on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Calystegia soldanella</Emphasis> from Japan

A rust species on Calystegia soldanella in Japan has been treated as Puccinia convolvuli to date. However, morphological characteristics of specimens on C. soldanella collected from Japan are significantly different from those of specimens on other Calystegia and Convolvulus species from different areas of the world. It is proved by inoculation experiment that the rust on C. soldanella is specific to C. soldanella. Based on these results, Puccinia rust on C. soldanella from Japan is described as a new species, Puccinia calystegiae-soldanellae.