棕色固氮菌缺失nifE的突变种固氮酶钼铁蛋白的结晶

从限氨固氮培养基中培养棕色固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii Lipmann)缺失nifE的突变种DJ35中,分离纯化得到缺失FeMoco的钼铁蛋白(ΔnifE Av1).在一定条件下结晶得到深棕色短斜四棱柱晶体.结晶溶液中各组分的浓度以及结晶方法等对其晶核数目、晶体大小和质量有明显影响.目前用气相扩散的悬滴法所得的最大晶体的二维边长分别为0.12 mm和0.13 mm.     

固氮酶铬铁蛋白的晶体生长

在合适的结晶条件下,从含Cr无氨培养基中生长的固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii Lipmann)突变种UW3中纯化出的CrFe蛋白可从溶液中析出深棕色斜四棱柱晶体,晶体最大的两条对角线长度分别可达0.25 mm和0.12 mm.PEG 8000、MgCl2、NaCl、Tris 和Hepes 缓冲液的浓度及结晶方法等对该蛋白的出晶率、晶核数目、晶体大小和质量都有明显影响.CrFe蛋白结晶所需的上述化合物的最适浓度与在Mn中生长的固氮菌突变种UW3的MnFe蛋白和缺失nifZ固氮菌突变种的ΔnifZ MoFe蛋白结晶所需的最适浓度有所不同.结果表明,该蛋白晶体可能为CrFe蛋白的晶体.     

固氮酶铬铁蛋白的晶体生长

在合适的结晶条件下 ,从含Cr无氨培养基中生长的固氮菌 (AzotobactervinelandiiLipmann)突变种UW3 中纯化出的CrFe蛋白可从溶液中析出深棕色斜四棱柱晶体 ,晶体最大的两条对角线长度分别可达 0 .2 5mm和 0 .12mm。PEG 80 0 0、MgCl2 、NaCl、Tris和Hepes缓冲液的浓度及结晶方法等对该蛋白的出晶率、晶核数目、晶体大小和质量都有明显影响。CrFe蛋白结晶所需的上述化合物的最适浓度与在Mn中生长的固氮菌突变种UW3 的MnFe蛋白和缺失nifZ固氮菌突变种的ΔnifZMoFe蛋白结晶所需的最适浓度有所不同。结果表明 ,该蛋白晶体可能为CrFe蛋白的晶体     

缺失nifH的棕色固氮菌突变种固氮酶钼铁蛋白的结晶

从限氨固氮培养基中培养的缺失nifH的棕色固氮菌(AzotobactervinelandiiLipmann)突变种DJ54中,分离纯化出部分纯的缺失FeMoco的钼铁蛋白(ΔnifHAv1)。用相同纯化方法分别从DJ35和UW45突变种中纯化的ΔnifEAv1和NifB-Av1的纯度明显高于ΔnifHAv1的纯度。在合适的结晶条件下,可得到这三种蛋白的深棕色短斜四棱柱晶体。ΔnifHAv1与NifB-Av1一样,晶体形成所需的时间比ΔnifEAv1的长。而它结晶所需的沉淀剂和缓冲液最适浓度则与ΔnifEAv1的相同。SDS-PAGE鉴定表明,结晶的ΔnifHAv1与OPAv1的组成相似。这表明,在ΔnifHAv1溶液中形成的晶体可能就是该蛋白质的晶体。     

缺失nifH的棕色固氮菌突变种固氮酶钼铁蛋白的结晶

从限氨固氮培养基中培养的缺失nif H的棕色固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii Lipmann)突变种DJ54中,分离纯化出部分纯的缺失FeMoco的钼铁蛋白(△nifH Av1).用相同纯化方法分别从DJ35和UW45突变种中纯化的△nifE Av1和NifB- Av1的纯度明显高于△nifH Av1的纯度.在合适的结晶条件下,可得到这三种蛋白的深棕色短斜四棱柱晶体.△nifH Av1与NifB- Av1一样,晶体形成所需的时间比△nifE Av1的长.而它结晶所需的沉淀剂和缓冲液最适浓度则与△nifE Av1的相同.SDS-PAGE鉴定表明,结晶的△nifH Av1与OP Av1的组成相似.这表明,在△nifH Av1溶液中形成的晶体可能就是该蛋白质的晶体.     

固氮酶锰铁蛋白的晶体生长

从以Mn代钼的固氮培养基中固氮生长的固氮菌（Azotobacter vinelandii Lipmann）突变种UW3中分离纯化的MnFe蛋白,在一定的结晶条件下,可从溶液中析出深棕色的短斜四棱柱晶体。Tris和Hepes缓冲液、NaCl、MgCl2和PEG的浓度及结晶方法等,对该蛋白的出晶率、晶核数目、晶体大小和质量均有明显的影响,PEG浓度的改变还可使该蛋白晶体的晶型发生变化。MnFe蛋白结晶所需的上述化合物的最适浓度与缺失nifZ固氮菌突变种△nifZ MoFe需的最适浓度有所不同。ＳＤＳ凝胶电泳表明,晶体溶解的蛋白与结晶前的MnFe蛋白基本相同。结果表明：该晶体为MnFe蛋白的晶体。     

棕色固氮菌突变种UW45的固氮酶钼铁蛋白(NifB-Av1)结晶

经两次DE52和Sephacryl S-300柱层析,从棕色固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii Lipmann)突变种UW45粗提液(37 677 mg蛋白)中纯化得到628 mg的NifB-Av1.经考马斯亮蓝R-250染色的SDS凝胶电泳分析表明,该蛋白基本达到SDS凝胶电泳纯,组成它的亚单位的种类与Av1(α和β亚单位)相似.NifB-Av1不能与NifB-Av2重组成具放氢活性的固氮酶,但可使与其保温重组的FeMoco显出高活性.在合适条件下,NifB-Av1可在结晶溶液中析出棕色短斜四棱柱晶体,目前所得最大晶体的二维边长均为0.1 mm.能否出现晶体以及出晶时间、晶体数目、大小、质量和形状等,与沉淀剂溶液各组分的种类和浓度、结晶方法、实验操作等因素密切相关.初步结果表明,所得晶体为NifB-Av1单晶.     

缺失nifZ的棕色固氮菌突变种钼铁蛋白的晶体生长研究

在一定的结晶条件下,缺失ｎｊｆＺ的棕色固氮菌（Ａｚｏｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒ ｖｉｎｅｌａｎｄｉｉ Ｌｉｐｍａｎｎ）突变 钼铁蛋白将人训结晶出深棕色的短斜四棱柱晶体。ＰＥＧ８０００、ＭｇＣｌ２、ＮａＣｌ、Ｔｒｉｓ的浓度及缓冲液的ＰＨ对蛋白的结晶及晶体生长影响的系统研究表明,浓度和ＰＨ较低时,不出晶体;随着深度逐渐提高及ＰＨ高于８．０,在事财内出现大量小晶体,再提高浓度,便延长时间但出质好、体积大而数少的晶     

棕色固氮菌突变种UW45的固氮酶钼铁蛋白（NifB-Av1）结晶

经两次DE52和Sephacryl s一300柱层析,从棕色固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii Lipmann)突变利UW45粗提液(37 677mg蛋白)中纯化得到628 mg的NifB^-Av1。经考马斯亮蓝R-250染色的SDS凝胶电泳分析表明,该蛋白基本达到SDS凝胶电泳纯,组成它的亚单位的种类与Av1(α和β亚单位)相似。NifB^-Av1不能与NifB^-Av2重组成具放氢活性的固氮酶,但可使与其保温重组的FeMoco显出高活性。在合适条件下,NifB^-Av1可在结晶溶液中析出棕色短斜四棱柱晶体,目前所得最大晶体的二维边长均为0．1mm。能否出现晶体以及出晶时间、晶体数目、大小、质量和形状等,与沉淀剂溶液各组分的种类和浓度、结晶方法、实验操作等因素密切相关。初步结果表明,所得晶体为NifB^-AV1单晶。     

α-芋螺毒素GIC与Ac-AChBP共结晶条件的筛选与优化

旨在筛选及优化α-芋螺毒素与乙酰胆碱结合蛋白(ACh BPs)共结晶的条件,得到高分辨率的共结晶晶体。在昆虫表达系统中分泌表达海兔乙酰胆碱结合蛋白(Ac-ACh BP),并用凝胶色谱进行纯化,把纯化的乙酰胆碱结合蛋白与α-芋螺毒素GIC共结晶,利用结晶机器人及HAMPTON RESEARCH结晶试剂盒进行结晶及结晶条件的筛选与优化。结果显示,在0.6 mol/L Ammonium citrate dibasic,0.1 mol/L Sodium acetate trihydrate p H4.8的条件下生长的晶体较好,其分辨率可以达到2.1?。筛选与优化结晶条件(Ammonium citrate dibasic的摩尔浓度及0.1 mol/L Sodium acetate trihydrate的p H值)可以得到高分辨率的α-芋螺毒素GIC与Ac-ACh BP共结晶晶体。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism