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重温红曲菌属各家分类意见,对来自ATCC,CBS,CGMCC,IFO,IMI和NRRL的红曲菌属各个种模式菌株和可靠菌株再次进行了观察。描述了4个新种,它们是发白红曲菌,火红色红曲菌,烟灰色红曲菌和橙色红曲菌。提供了区别12种红曲菌的检索表。 相似文献
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农杆菌介导的紫色红曲霉遗传转化体系的建立和优化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过优化各种转化因素,建立了根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导红曲霉(Monascus)的高效转化体系:红曲霉在PDA培养基培养21 d后收集孢子,制备红曲霉孢子悬浮液,浓度为106个/mL,根癌农杆菌浓度为OD600值0.5,诱导剂AS浓度为100μmol/L,农杆菌与红曲霉在25℃共培养3 d。采用此转化体系构建了含有530多个转化子的红曲霉T-DNA插入突变体库。随机选取50株转化子菌株进行分子验证和稳定性检测,证明T-DNA成功插入红曲霉基因组DNA中,并能稳定遗传。最后,通过形态观察筛选出8株变异较大的菌株,为以后的红曲霉基因功能研究奠定了一定的基础。 相似文献
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红曲菌cDNA消减文库的构建 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
应用抑制性消减杂交技术,构建红曲菌产桔霉素和不产桔霉素差异表达的cDNA消减文库.分别从产桔霉素和不产桔霉素的红曲菌丝体中提取mRNA,依次合成单链和双链cDNA,经酶切成大小为250~750bp的片断,将产桔霉素的cDNA分为两组,分别与两种不同的接头连接,再与不产桔霉素的红曲菌的cDNA进行两次消减杂交及两次抑制性PCR后,将产物与T/A载体连接构建成功cDNA消减文库,并转染大肠杆菌进行文库扩增,文库扩增后得到283个克隆,经PCR法快速测定,均得到250~750bp的插入片断.所构建的红曲菌cDNA消减文库为进一步筛选红曲菌中与产桔霉素性状相关的基因奠定了基础. 相似文献
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不产桔霉素的红曲霉菌种深层发酵生产莫纳可林K 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
对三株在YES培养基中不产桔霉素的红曲霉菌种,在摇瓶中研究了它们液体发酵生产莫纳可林K的情况。在大米粉培养基中,红色红曲霉不产莫纳可林K,但是紫色红曲霉和烟灰色红曲霉均能产莫纳可林K,前者产量高于后者。在葡萄糖.甘油培养基中,后两者的产量均很低,但是如果在该培养基中添加酵母膏,紫色红曲霉能产生较为可观的莫纳可林K。在2L的发酵罐中,利用添加了酵母膏的葡萄糖-甘油培养基,紫色红曲霉在第13d的莫纳可林K产量可达104mg/L,培养过程中无桔霉素产生。 相似文献
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【背景】红曲霉(Monascus)是一种重要的药食同源性真菌,其自身产生的次级代谢产物具有多种生理活性功能,然而红曲霉中的生物活性成分却鲜有报道。利用红曲霉发酵液进行药效物质成分追溯,对了解红曲霉药效物质基础具有十分重要的意义。【目的】对红色红曲霉(M.ruber)Mr-1次级代谢产物中的生物活性成分和生物学功能进行研究。【方法】采用硅胶柱、SephadexLH-20凝胶柱等色谱技术对活性成分进行分离纯化,通过核磁共振和高分辨质谱技术对化合物结构进行解析;对鉴定的化合物进行体外抗氧化、抑菌和酶活性测定。【结果】从红色红曲霉Mr-1次级代谢产物中分离得到4个活性化合物,鉴定为3个黄酮类化合物Luteolin(1)、Hesperetin(2)、Glycitein(3)和1个萜类化合物Ursolic acid(4)。化合物1、2、4为首次从红曲菌科中分离得到。在抗氧化试验中,化合物1对ABTS+、DPPH和OH-自由基具有较强的清除能力,IC50分别为13.36、8.74和32.75μg/mL;在抑菌试验中,化合物4对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)和李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes)表现出中等强度的抑菌能力,抑菌圈直径分别为13.4 mm和11.9 mm;在α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性试验中,化合物4表现出很强的抑制能力,IC50为21.34μg/mL。【结论】红色红曲霉Mr-1是宝贵的微生物种质资源,其产生的次级代谢产物生物活性成分多样,具有开发成功能性食品原料的潜能。 相似文献
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Morphological change and enhanced pigment production of monascus when cocultured with saccharomyces cerevisiae or aspergillus oryzae 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
When a Monascus isolate, a producer of Monascus pigments, was cocultured with either Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Aspergillus oryzae in a solid sucrose medium, there were significant morphological changes in Monascus culture. Cocultures exhibited cell mass increases of 2 times and pigment yield increases of 30 to 40 times compared to monocultures of Monascus. However, enhanced cell growth, an increase in pigment production, and morphological change did not occur in coculture with Bacillus cereus. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was more effective at enhancing pigment production than Asp. oryzae. Enhanced cell growth and increased pigment production occurred only in conjunction with morphological changes. Culture filtrates of S. cerevisiae were also effective in inducing morphology change in Monascus, similar to culture broths of S. cerevisiae. The hydrolytic enzymes produced by S. cerevisiae, such as amylase, and chitinase, are thought to be the effectors. The commercial enzymes alpha-amylase and protease from Asp. oryzae both caused a morphological change in Monascus and were effective in enhancing pigment production. However, lysozyme, alpha-amylase and protease from Bacillus species, protease from Staphylococcus, and chitinase from Streptomyces were not effective. The hydrolytic enzymes which cause a morphological change of Monascus culture and enhancement of pigment production are thought to be capable of degrading Monascus cell walls. An approximate 10-fold increase in pigment production was observed in liquid cocultures with S. cerevisiae. Copyright 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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红曲米和红腐乳中红曲菌种的分类与鉴定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对我省红腐乳及红曲米中红曲菌的资源、多样性进行了调查,收集、分离和纯化得到20株红曲菌的纯培养。根据李钟庆等人的红曲菌属分类检索表,通过菌落形态和显微特征进行观察常规袁型鉴定,初步确定为以下七个种:红色红曲菌(FA01、FA11);橙色红曲菌(FA02、FA05、FA06、FA15、FA16、FA17)、紫色红曲菌(FA03、FA09、FA13、FA19、FA20)、丛毛红曲菌(FA04)、发白红曲菌(FA07、FA18)、旱生红曲菌(R如8、FA10、FA12)和血红红曲菌(FA14)。运用FTIR分析图谱构建了20株红曲菌株的系统发育图,探讨耵IR分析运用于红曲菌资源或其它真菌的多样性、亲缘关系和分类鉴定中的可行性。研究结果显示FTIR分析在一定程度上可区分不同的红曲菌种,可以作为红曲菌菌种和疑难菌株鉴别的辅助手段。 相似文献
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红曲霉(Monascus purpureus)是我国重要的传统食用和药用微生物,能分泌红曲色素、莫纳卡琳(Mo-nacolin K)、γ-氨基丁酸、麦角固醇等物质,被广泛用于生产食品发酵剂、食品着色剂、保健食品和药品等,在我国有上千年的应用历史。本实验以根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterriumtum efaciens)介导的红曲霉突变体库中754株突变子菌株为材料,通过乙醇提取法筛选出了9株产红曲色素发生显著变化的色素突变子,其中S50在505 nm波长处的色价降为原始菌株S的0.12倍,几乎变为白化株。300~600 nm波长下UV-VIS扫描图谱特征显示,色素突变子不仅色价发生了变化,而且吸收波长、吸收峰值也发生了不同程度的变化。最后,对色素突变子菌落形态、显微结构、潮霉素抗性、遗传稳定性以及产桔霉素能力等进行分析,为研究红曲霉产色素相关基因奠定了基础。 相似文献
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红曲菌次生代谢产物生物合成途径及相关基因的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
红曲菌(Monascus spp.)是我国重要的药食两用微生物资源之一,能够产生天然食品添加剂红曲色素、降血酯活性物质Monacolin K等有益次生代谢产物,但也能分泌真菌毒素桔霉素(Citrinin),红曲菌及其相关产品的安全性由此受到质疑.因此,如何促进红曲菌有益代谢产物的产生,减少或抑制桔霉素的产生成为广大科研工作者研究的重点方向.近年来,红曲菌的分子生物学研究有了较快的发展,红曲菌次生代谢产物生物合成及其调控的研究是热点.本文重点介绍红曲色素、Monacolin K和桔霉素生物合成途径及相关基因的研究进展,以期为有效调控红曲菌次生代谢产物的产生、提高红曲产品的安全性提供参考和借鉴. 相似文献
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In China, Monascus spp., a traditional fungus used in fermentation, is used as a natural food additive. Monascus spp. can produce a secondary metabolite, monacolin K namely, which is proven to be a cholesterol-lowering and hypotensive agent. Hence, recently, many researchers have begun focusing on how to increase the production of monacolin K by Monascus purpureus. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the fungal elicitor and the mutagenesis of UV & LiCl on the amount of monacolin K produced by Monascus purpureus. The fugal elicitor, Sporobolomyces huaxiensis, was isolated from tea leaves and its filtrate was added into the culture filtrate of Monascus purpureus during growth to induct the production of monacolin K. The results showed that the highest amount of monacolin K produced by the liquid fermentation was 446.92 mg/mL, which was produced after the fungal elicitor was added to the culture filtrate of Monascus purpureus on the day 4; this amount was approximately 6 times greater than that of the control culture filtrate, whereas the highest amount of monacolin K produced by the mutated strain was 3 times greater than the control culture after the irradiation of UV light in the presence of 1.0 % LiCl in the medium. 相似文献
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Monacolin K-enriched ganghwayakssuk (Artemisia princeps Pamp.) was developed by fermentation with Monascus sp. Among the 15 Monascus spp. isolated previously from Monascus fermentation products, Monascus pilosus KMU108 produced 2,219 mg/kg of monacolin K during ganghwayakssuk fermentation with no detectable citrinin. The optimum concentrations of ganghwayakssuk and glucose determined from the response surface methodology (RSM) design were 2.2% and 3.8%, respectively. By applying these conditions, the monacolin K productivity was increased to 3,007 mg/kg after 15 days of fermentation. On the other hand, other characteristics such as the total content of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, and the antioxidant activity were relatively unchanged. Therefore, Monascusfermented ganghwayakssuk is an excellent biomaterial for the development of functional foods because of its high level of monacolin K, known to lower cholesterol levels. 相似文献