外阴阴道念珠菌病的病原检测及体外药敏试验

目的了解STD门诊患者外阴阴道念珠菌病的菌种分布及对常用抗真菌药物的敏感状况,为临床治疗提供参考。方法取STD门诊疑似念珠菌感染患者的阴道分泌物标本,用沙氏琼脂培养基分离纯化菌株,然后用ATB ID 32C酵母菌鉴定系统和ATB Fungus3药敏系统进行菌种鉴定与药物敏感试验。结果950份标本中检出306株念珠菌,占32.21%,其中白色念珠菌226株,阳性率为73.86%;光滑念珠菌37株,阳性率为12.09%;热带念珠菌24株,阳性率为7.84%;近平滑念珠菌13株,占4.25%。药敏结果显示：念珠菌对5-氟胞嘧啶（5-FC）;两性霉素B（AMB）,伏立康唑（VRC）耐药率〈6%;近平滑念珠菌对5种抗真菌药物均敏感;白色念珠菌对氟康唑（FCZ）、伊曲康唑（ICZ）耐药率依次：9.29%、11.06%,光滑念珠菌药耐药率依次为37.84%,67.57%,热带念珠菌药耐药率依次为8.33%、12.5%。结论STD门诊患者阴道念珠菌检出率明显高于普通妇科门诊患者,检出菌种仍以白色念珠菌为主,但光滑念珠菌和热带念珠菌生殖道感染有明显上升趋势;念珠菌对两性霉素B、5-氟胞嘧啶敏感性较高,对唑类药物有耐药菌株。因此,念珠菌鉴定和药敏监测是非常必要的,临床医生应根据药敏结果合理使用抗真菌药物。     

727株真菌失发布与药敏分析

目的 对727株真菌的分布及药敏试验进行分析。方法 用沙保罗培养基分离培养真菌,用API20CAUX生化鉴定及SATBFUNGUS药敏板。结果 727株真菌中白色念珠菌438株,热带念珠菌155株,光滑念珠菌73株,近平滑念珠菌23株,新型隐球菌15株。5－H氟胞嘧啶、两性毒素B、制霉菌素、咪康唑、益康唑和酮康唑的敏感率分别为92．0％、97．6％、94．6％、56．3％、62．9％和70．4％,结论真菌感染仍然以白色念珠菌为主。两性霉素B、制需菌素和一氧胞密啶敏感率较高,而咪康唑、益康唑和酮康唑均出现不同程度的耐药,且呈上升趋势,这需要临床慎选针对性强且副作用低的药物,减少耐药菌株出现。     

阴道分泌物酵母样真菌分离培养及其药敏的临床价值

目的了解阴道分泌物酵母样真菌的分离培养及其药敏临床意义。方法从阴道分泌物中分离到的196株酵母样真菌,采用API-20Aux和ATBFUN GUS进行鉴定和药敏试验,所得结果进行统计分析。结果196株酵母样真菌中,分离率最多的前3种是白色念珠菌（80．5％）、葡萄牙念珠菌（9．5％）和光滑念珠菌（5．6％）,酵母样真菌对两性霉素B和制霉菌素敏感率最高,达94．5％和92．6％,5-氟胞嘧啶、咪康唑、益康唑和酮康唑只有43．6％～58．1％。结论真菌性阴道炎主要以白色念珠菌感染为主,感染的酵母菌除了对多烯类药物敏感率高外,对其他抗真菌药有不同程度的下降,应引起关注。     

广州地区生殖系统念珠菌感染的菌型及其体外药敏分析

目的 了解性传播疾病病人中生殖系统念珠菌感染的菌型及其对临床常用抗真菌药物的敏感性.方法 采用法国梅里埃公司的ATB ID32C酵母菌鉴定反应板鉴定菌种并使用Rosco纸片扩散法进行体外药敏检测,比较不同菌型念珠菌的药敏情况.结果 临床131例生殖系统念珠菌感染者中,白色念珠菌116例(88.55％)、近平滑念珠菌7例(5.34％)、光滑念珠菌5例(3.82％)、季也蒙念珠菌2例(1.53％)、克柔念珠菌1例(0.76％).药敏分析结果:念珠菌属对制霉菌素(96.18％)、酮康唑(90.84％)、氟康唑(70.23％)敏感,而对咪康唑(31.30％)、嗌康唑(31.30％)、伊曲康唑(47.33％)和特比奈酚(7.63％)的中度敏感性和耐药性比较高.结论 生殖系统念珠菌感染以白色念珠菌为主,感染的念珠菌除了对多烯类药物敏感率高外,对唑类抗真菌药有不同程度的交叉耐药,不同菌型其药敏谱存在差异.     

下呼吸道真菌感染的临床特点及耐药性分析

目的探讨住院患者下呼吸道真菌感染的临床特点,对其耐药性进行分析,以指导临床合理用药。方法回顾性调查2008年1月至2009年12月间安徽医科大学第一附属医院发生下呼吸道真菌感染的病例,并进行统计学分析。结果 374例下呼吸道真菌感染患者检出白色念珠菌253例(67.6%),光滑念珠菌74例(19.8%),热带念珠菌28例(7.5%),克柔念珠菌10例(2.7%),其他假丝酵母菌3例(0.8%),毛霉菌4例(1.1%),烟曲霉菌2例(0.5%)。本组资料药敏结果显示各种真菌对多种抗真菌药物敏感率较高,其中两性霉素B、伏立康唑和氟康唑的敏感率较高,而伊曲康唑的耐药率最高,达到12.2%。结论下呼吸道真菌感染仍以白色念珠菌感染为主,光滑念珠菌和热带念珠菌其次,3种念珠菌占总分离真菌的94.9%,5种抗真菌药物的耐药率以伊曲康唑最高,社区获得性感染患者预后明显优于医院感染患者。     

8a间院内深部真菌感染的临床分布特点及耐药性分析

了解深部真菌感染的临床分布特点及耐药情况,以指导临床合理应用抗真菌药物。回顾性分析近8a自住院患者送检标本分离的深部感染真菌,利用ATB FUNGUS3真菌药敏卡进行体外药敏试验。2003年至2010年共检出9 854株假丝酵母菌,检出率呈上升趋势,由2003年的19.9%上升至2010年的34.3%。院内深部感染的真菌主要分布于内科（55.9%）;主要感染部位为呼吸道（84.6%）;主要菌种为白色念珠菌（60.9%）;非白色念珠菌比例逐年增高。真菌药敏试验结果表明,深部真菌对两性霉素B、伏立康唑和5-氟胞嘧啶耐药率分别为0.9%、4.0%和4.6%;对伊曲康唑的耐药率有上升趋势,为28%。临床深部真菌感染逐年增加,对唑类药物的耐药情况日趋严重。应重视临床真菌感染的病原学检查和耐药性监测,才能有效地控制深部真菌院内感染。     

1557株酵母菌的鉴定及其药敏试验分析

目的 研究临床分离的酵母菌种类及其对药物的敏感性。方法 采用API 20C、显色培养基对2004-2005年北京协和医院细菌室分离到的1557株念珠菌进行菌株鉴定,并对2005年收集的酵母菌采用ATB FUNGUS 2对氟康唑,伊曲康唑,两性霉素B,5-氟胞嘧啶进行药物敏感性试验;并以whonet 5．3软件进行结果分析。结果 在1557株酵母菌中自念珠菌为57．5％,热带念珠菌为17．0％,光滑念珠菌为14．8％,克柔念珠菌为2．8％,近平滑念珠菌为2．3％,葡萄牙念珠菌为0．9％,新生隐球菌为0．7％,季也蒙念珠菌0．4％,其他菌株共为3．6％。药敏结果显示：近平滑念珠菌、白念珠菌、热带念珠菌、光滑念珠菌、克柔念珠菌和其他念珠菌对氟康唑的敏感率分别为100％、97．6％、94．5％、81．1％、9．1％和75．0％;对5-氟胞嘧啶的敏感率分别为100％、98．0％、98．0％、99．0％、9．5％和88．0％。伊曲康唑对克柔念珠菌和未鉴定到种的念珠菌的MIC90为1μg／ml,光滑念珠菌为4μg／ml,热带念珠菌为0．5μg／ml,白念珠菌和近平滑念珠菌均为0．125μg／ml;两性霉素B对所有念珠菌的MIC50和MIC90均为0．5μg／ml。结论 白念珠菌比例最高,其次为热带念珠菌及光滑念珠菌。5-氟胞嘧啶和氟康唑对除克柔念珠菌之外的所有念珠菌敏感度都很高,两性霉素B对所有念珠菌的MIC90都很低,伊曲康唑对除克柔念珠菌和光滑念珠菌之外的其他菌株的MIC90较低。     

ICU内侵袭性真菌感染临床分析及药敏情况

目的 分析重症加强病房(ICU)内侵袭性真菌感染的临床状况、病原菌菌群分布及耐药情况,为临床治疗及减少真菌感染提供参考依据.方法 回顾性分析3年来真菌培养阳性住院患者病例资料,从感染部位、菌种分布、真菌耐药情况等方面进行分析.结果 ICU中侵袭性真菌感染发生率为8.6％;尿液、痰液和血液分别为36.6％、28.8％和11.8％;真菌感染以假丝酵母菌为主要菌属(94.3％),白色假丝酵母菌占51.6％,是感染主要菌种;5种常见抗真菌药物敏感率最高的是两性霉素平均为99.8％,其次为伏立康唑;光滑念珠菌及热带念珠菌耐药比较严重,氟康唑(FLU)的敏感率分别为41.1％、17.6％,伊曲康唑的敏感性分别为6.1％、35.3％.结论 白色假丝酵母菌是ICU侵袭性真菌感染感染的主要病原菌;两性霉素及伏立康唑对5种念珠菌有较好的抗菌活性.     

广州地区生殖系统念珠菌感染的菌型及其体外药敏分析

【摘 要】 目的 了解性传播疾病病人中生殖系统念珠菌感染的菌型及其对临床常用抗真菌药物的敏感性。 方法 采用法国梅里埃公司的ATB ID32C酵母菌鉴定反应板鉴定菌种并使用Rosco纸片扩散法进行体外药敏检测,比较不同菌型念珠菌的药敏情况。 结果 临床131例生殖系统念珠菌感染者中,白色念珠菌116例（88.55%）、近平滑念珠菌7例（5.34%）、光滑念珠菌5例（3.82%）、季也蒙念珠菌2例（1.53%）、克柔念珠菌1例（0.76%）。药敏分析结果：念珠菌属对制霉菌素（96.18%）、酮康唑（90.84%）、氟康唑（70.23%）敏感,而对咪康唑（31.30%）、嗌康唑（31.30%）、伊曲康唑（47.33%）和特比奈酚（7.63%）的中度敏感性和耐药性比较高。 结论 生殖系统念珠菌感染以白色念珠菌为主,感染的念珠菌除了对多烯类药物敏感率高外,对唑类抗真菌药有不同程度的交叉耐药,不同菌型其药敏谱存在差异。     

复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病的致病菌种鉴定及药敏试验分析

目的 了解STD门诊复发性外阴道念珠菌病(RVVC)和外阴阴道念珠菌病(VVC)的致病菌种分布及对常用抗真菌药物的敏感状况,为临床治疗提供参考.方法 用沙氏琼脂培养基分离纯化菌株,然后用ATB ID 32C酵母菌鉴定系统和ATB Fungus3药敏系统进行菌种鉴定与药物敏感试验.结果 280份标本中检出白色念珠菌201株,占71.79％;非白色念珠菌79株,占28.21％,其中光滑念珠菌42株,占15％.VVC组与RVVC组抗真菌药物比较,VVC组对氟康唑的敏感率高于RVVC组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 STD门诊患者阴道念珠菌病检出菌种仍以白色念珠菌为主,但RVVC组非白色念珠菌比例高于VVC组.非白色念珠菌中光滑念珠菌占比例最高.VVC组氟康唑的敏感率高于RVVC组.     

男性尿道炎和包皮龟头炎致病真菌的分布与药敏分析

目的了解男性念珠菌性尿道炎和包皮龟头炎的菌群分布及体外抗真菌药敏试验情况。方法菌株分离均来自复旦大学附属华山医院皮肤性病门诊临床症状轻重不一、真菌直接镜检阳性的61例患者。用科玛嘉念珠菌显色培养基及API 20C AUX鉴定系统进行菌种鉴定;采用CLSIM27-A2肉汤微量稀释法对61株临床分离念珠菌作了氟康唑、两性霉素B、氟胞嘧啶、伊曲康唑、伏立康唑、特比萘芬6种抗真菌药物敏感性测定。结果对培养阳性的61例菌株,通过科玛嘉念珠菌显色培养基及API 20C AUX鉴定系统作菌种鉴定,白念珠菌52例（85.2%）,近平滑念珠菌3例,光滑念珠菌2例,热带念珠菌2例,季也蒙念珠菌1例,克柔念珠菌1例。对52株白念珠菌的药敏试验显示氟康唑98.1%敏感,1.9%剂量依赖性敏感;氟胞嘧啶96.2%敏感,3.8%耐药;伊曲康唑44.2%敏感,40.5%剂量依赖性敏感,15.3%耐药;伏立康唑84.6%敏感,15.4%耐药;两性霉素B全部敏感;特比萘芬的MIC范围为1-64μg/ml,MIC50和MIC90皆为64μg/ml。结论在男性念珠菌性尿道炎和包皮龟头炎中,白念珠菌仍是第一位致病菌,体外药敏试验显示氟康唑、伏立康唑、氟胞嘧啶、两性霉素B对男性念珠菌性尿道炎均有较好的敏感性。     

Susceptibility to antifungal agents of Candida sp. and biofilm formation

In recent years the increase in frequency of fungal infections with Candida sp. was noticed. These infections are connected with ability of Candida sp. to form biofilm on surfaces of biomaterials used in medicine. Furthermore fungal infections make serious therapeutic problems because ofbiofilm resistance to antifungal agents actually. The aim of the study was to evaluate the susceptibility to antifungal agents of Candida sp. and their ability to form biofilm on different biomaterials. 50 strains of Candida sp. isolated from patients of University Hospital No. 1 of dr A. Jurasz in Bydgoszcz were examined. API Candida (bioMérieux) tests were used to identify Candida sp. strains. The susceptibility of the yeast strains to antifungal agents was evaluated by ATB FUNGUS 2 INT (bioMérieux) tests. The susceptibility of examined strains to voriconazole, posaconazole, caspofungin and anidulafungin was assessed by means ofEtests (AB BIODISK) method employing drug concentrations from 0,002 to 32 microg/ml. All analysed strains were susceptible to amphotericin B and caspofungin. Biofilm formation on different biomaterials (silicon, latex, polychloride vinyl, polypropylene, nylon) was measured after 72 hour incubation at 37 degrees C. All examined yeasts formed biofilm on all analysed biomaterials. The highest number of strains formed biofilm on surface of polychloride vinyl: 23 (92,0%) by C. albicans strains and 24 (96,0%) Candida non-albicans strains. The lowest number of the strains formed biofilm on the surface of nylon: 12 (48,0%) of C. albicans strains and 9 (36,0%) of Candida non-albicans strains. The studied strains resistant to azoles and anidulafungin display stronger ability to form biofilm on surfaces of all analysed biomaterials.     

In vitro antifungal susceptibility of clinical isolates of Candida spp. obtained from patients with different predisposing factors to candidosis

The increase in the number of infections caused by Candida species and the consequent use of antifungal agents favours an increase of resistant isolates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp. isolates from patients with different systemic predisposing factors to candidosis. Seventy-nine Candida spp. isolates were assayed for in vitro susceptibility to amphotericin B, fluconazole, 5-flucytosine and itraconazole using the technique proposed by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Four C. albicans, one C. guilliermondii, four C. parapsilosis and two C. tropicalis isolates were resistant to amphotericin B. Only two isolate was resistant to itraconazole. All the isolates tested were susceptible to fluconazole and flucytosine. It could be concluded that the most efficient drugs against the Candida isolates studied were fluconazole and flucytosine and that all of the antifungal agents used in this study were effective against the Candida spp. isolates tested.     

白念珠菌临床分离调查及基因分型研究

目的 了解白念珠菌临床分离情况,并探讨其药敏结果与基因分型的相关性.方法 回顾性分析本院2011年3～11月间临床分离白念珠菌分布及耐药性;随机选取232株,采用PCR方法扩增白念珠菌25S rDNA基因内含子区进行基因分型研究;采用ATB真菌药敏试剂条进行药敏分析;统计分析药敏结果与基因分型的相关性.结果 期间共检出酵母样真菌973例,占病原菌阳性样本数比率为15.7％ (973/6196);其中分离白念珠菌562株,占58％ (562/973),主要分布科室为呼吸科(39.1％)、老年科(13.2％)、ICU(7.7％)、神经内科(7.5％)、免疫科(6.0％)以及其他科室(26.5％);标本类型以下呼吸道为主(81.7％),其次为尿路(9.4％)、血液(1.8％)等.对氟胞嘧啶、两性霉素B、氟康唑、伊曲康唑及伏立康唑的耐药率分别为0.9％、0％、1.4％、1.6％和1.1％.随机选取的232株白念珠菌经PCR方法可分为3型:A型125株,B型96株,C型11株.各型在5种药物的耐药性上并无差异.结论 临床分离酵母样真菌以白念珠菌为主,感染部位以下呼吸道为主;临床分离株对5种抗真菌药物敏感度较高,主要基因型为A和B型,不同基因分型间药敏结果并无统计学差异.     

Multicenter Brazilian study of oral Candida species isolated from AIDS patients

Oropharyngeal candidiasis continues to be considered the most common opportunistic disease in Aids patients. This study was designed to investigate species distribution, serotype and antifungal susceptibility profile among Candida spp. isolated from the oral cavity of Aids patients recruited from six Brazilian university centers. Oral swabs from 130 Aids patients were plated onto CHROMagar Candida medium and 142 isolates were recovered. Yeast isolates were identified by classical methods and serotyped using the Candida Check or target system-Iatron. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed according to the NCCLS microbroth assay. C. albicans was the most frequently isolated species (91%), and 70% of the isolates belonged to serotype A. We detected 12 episodes of co-infection (9%), including co-infection with both serotypes of C. albicans. Non-albicans species were isolated from 12 episodes, 50% of them exhibited DDS or resistance to azoles. Otherwise, only 8 out 130 isolates of C. albicans exhibited DDS or resistance to azoles. Brazilian Aids patients are infected mainly by C. albicans serotype A, most of them susceptible to all antifungal drugs.     

Prophylactic use of liposomized tuftsin enhances the susceptibility of Candida albicans to fluconazole in leukopenic mice

In the present study, we investigated the immunopotentiating activity of the immunomodulator tuftsin for the treatment of dose-dependent susceptible Candida albicans infection in a murine model. Our results demonstrated that tuftsin increases the susceptibility of C. albicans to phagocytosis by activating murine macrophages. Fluconazole used for the treatment of mice infected with C. albicans showed less in vivo efficacy and proved to be ineffective in the elimination of the infection from leukopenic mice even at higher doses. However, the antifungal activity of fluconazole against the same isolate of C. albicans significantly increased in tuftsin-pretreated mice and resulted in an improved survival rate in mice. The treated mice also showed less severity of infection as supported by a reduced fungal burden in their kidneys. This study indicates that the use of immunopotentiating substances can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of azole antifungal agents and thus can effectively combat azole-resistant fungal pathogens under conditions of immunosuppression.     

临床分离161株念珠菌菌种鉴定及氟康唑药敏试验分析

目的调查临床分离的念珠菌种类及其对氟康唑的敏感性。方法采用科玛嘉念珠菌显色培养基和YBC平板对山东大学齐鲁医院细菌室分离到的161株念珠菌进行鉴定,并对分离出的白念珠菌分别采用NCCLS推荐的微量稀释法和ROSCO药敏纸片法对氟康唑进行药物敏感性试验。结果在161株念珠菌中白念珠菌为69．57％,热带念珠菌为19．88％,近平滑念珠菌为4．97％,克柔念珠菌为2．48％,光滑念珠菌为1．86％,其他念珠菌为1．24％。两种方法药敏结果显示：112株白念珠菌对氟康唑的敏感率分别为96．43％和97．32％,仅有2株耐药。结论白念珠菌仍然是我院分离率最高的念珠菌,其次是热带念珠菌和近平滑念珠菌。白念珠菌对氟康唑仍敏感,耐药菌株极少。     

118株口腔致病念珠菌病原学特征及药敏结果分析

目的调查分析临床致病口腔念珠菌菌种分布及对氟康唑、伊曲康唑、制霉菌素、5-氟胞嘧啶和酮康唑的药物敏感性,以提供临床用药依据。方法收集口腔真菌感染患者标本,常规涂片镜检、培养,对酵母样生长菌落用生物梅里埃公司API20AUX进行菌种鉴定。对其中的念珠菌进行药敏分析。结果共收集141例临床口腔真菌病标本,其中118株念珠菌中,白念珠菌87株（73.7%）,热带念珠菌15株（12.7%）,高里念珠菌6株（5.1%）,光滑念珠菌4株,其他念珠菌6株。口腔念珠菌对氟康唑、伊曲康唑、制霉菌素、5-氟胞嘧啶和酮康唑的耐药率分别为5.1%、1.7%、0%、3.4%、5.1%。结论解放军324医院口腔真菌感染主要为长期应用抗生素的老年患者。口腔念珠菌病仍以白念珠菌为主,对常用抗真菌药物呈不同程度的耐药,应进行真菌常规菌种鉴定及药敏试验。     

Species distribution, antifungal susceptibility and clonal relatedness of Candida isolates from patients in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units at a medical center in Turkey

The aim of this study was to assess species distribution, antifungal susceptibility and clonal relationships among Candida strains isolated from a group of pediatric/neonatal intensive care (PICU/NICU) patients that had a very high mortality rate (76%). The cases of 21 patients (19 with candidemia, 2 with Candida meningitides) treated over a 1-year period in a Turkish hospital PICU and NICU were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty-eight Candida isolates were detected from blood (20), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (2) and other specimens (6). Candida species were identified using the API ID 32C System. Susceptibility testing was done (all 28 isolates) for amphotericin B, fluconazole and itraconazole using the broth microdilution method. Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) was used for molecular typing of the 3 most common ones; C. albicans (15), C. parapsilosis (6), and C. pelliculosa (4). Electrophoretic karyotyping (EK) was done to check clonal identity obtained by AP-PCR. Of the 20 blood isolates, 8 (40%) were C. albicans, 12 (60%) were non-albicans Candida, and one of the 2 CSF isolates was C. albicans. The overall species distribution was as follows: 15 C. albicans isolates, 6 C. parapsilosis isolates, 4 C. pelliculosa isolates, 2 C. famata isolates and 1 C tropicalis isolate. Amphotericin B had the best antifungal activity with a MIC90 of 0.125 microg/ml, and the rates of susceptibility to fluconazole and itraconazole were 93% and 82%, respectively. AP-PCR revealed 11 genotypes (4 were identical pairs, 7 were distinct) among the 15 C. albicans isolates, 2 genotypes (5 were classified in the same type) among the 6 C. parapsilosis isolates, and 4 separate genotypes for the 4 C. pelliculosa isolates. Karyotyping results correlated well with the AP-PCR findings. As indicated in the previous research, our results confirmed that non-albicans Candida species have become more frequently causative agents for invasive fungal infections in the ICU. Transmission of C. albicans and C. pelliculosa was relatively low, but transmission of C. parapsilosis was high, suggesting that more effective control and very strict treatment protocols are needed for patients having high mortality and invasive fungal infection in ICU.     

Comparative evaluation of standard dilution method and commercial kit for frozen plate antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts using 200 clinical isolates

A comparative evaluation of standard microdilution methods and a commercial kit for frozen plate antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts was performed using amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, miconazole, and itraconazole on 200 yeast isolates. The isolates included 100 strains of Candida albicans, eight of C. tropicalis, twelve of C. parapsilosis, eight of C. glabrata, five of Cryptococcus neoformans, thirteen of Trichosporon asahii, and 54 other strains of seven other species of ascomycotic yeasts. Microdilution testing was performed according to the standard method for antifungal susceptibility testing published by the Japanese Society for Medical Mycology (JSMM), which are a modification of the method developed by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) M27-P. The commercial kit was prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. The degree of agreement within +/-1 dilution for 200 clinical isolates against five antifungal agents was excellent with values for amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, miconazole, and itraconazole of 100%, 99.0%, 97.5%, 97.0%, and 97.0%, respectively. Overall, the frozen plate antifungal susceptibility testing kit provided convenient and reproducible results comparable to those obtained with the JSMM standard method.