中国分类学文献中南洋杉属两种之订正

通过调查,对Araucaria cunninghamii和A.heterophylla的选模式和中国分类学文献（如《广州植物志》、《中国树木学》、《中国高等植物图鉴》、《中国植物志》、《中国树木志》、《Flora of China》、《中国高等植物》）的A.cunninghamii和A.heterophylla（或A.excelsa）作比较,证实中国分类学文献中的A.cunninghamii和A.heterophylla（或A.excelsa）分别是A.heterophylla（Salisb.）Franco和A.cunninghamii Aiton ex A.Cunn.。这两种植物的叶形变化较大,但有明显的区别：诺福克南洋杉A.heterophylla幼树的末级小枝的叶细长呈线形、叶尖急尖,生长角小于45°,腹面无明显的脊,成龄株的末级小枝的叶扁平呈鳞片状;南洋杉A.cunninghamii幼树的末级小枝的叶呈两侧扁的钻形、叶尖短刺状,生长角45°-90°,腹背两面具明显的脊,成龄株的末级小枝的叶呈四棱状钻形。     

我省国家重点保护植物介绍(五)

Ginkgo biloba L.Mant.Pl.2:313.1771;钱崇澍,中国森林植物志1:图版1.1937;陈嵘,中国树木分类学3,图2.1937;中国高等植物图鉴1:286,图571.1972;郑万钧、傅立国,中国植物志7:18,图版5.1978;福建植物志1:270,图254.1982。     

国产牡竹属野龙竹和版纳甜龙竹的订正

通过对模式标本和原始文献的研究,确认<中国植物志>、、<云南植物志>、<中国竹类植物图志>、<云南树木图志>、<中国竹类图志>等重要专著中广泛使用的版纳甜龙竹学名Dendrocdanus hamittonii Nees et Arn.为错误鉴定,其正确学名为D.parishii Munro;野龙竹(D.semiscandens Hsueh et D.Z.Li)为D.ham iltonii Nees et Arn.的异名.     

中国分类学文献中Swietenia mahagoni之订正

通过调查,对Swietenia mahagoni的后选模式、S.macrophylla的主模式与中国分类学文献(如《植物分类学报》、《广州植物志》、《中国高等植物图鉴》、《云南植物志》、《广东植物志》、《中国植物志》和《中国高等植物》)的S.mahagoni作比较,证实中国分类学文献将S.mahagoni和S.macrophylla相混,上述分类学文献中的S.mahagon是S.macrophylla King。桃花心木(S.mahagoni(L.)Jacq.)的羽状复叶及小叶较短,小叶长度绝不超过10 cm,果卵球形,长度绝不超过15 cm;而大叶桃花心木(S.macrophylla King)的羽状复叶及小叶较长,总有一部分小叶的长度超过10 cm,果长卵球形,长12~22 cm。     

中国植物分类学发展之我见

<正>1中国植物分类学研究《中国植物志》和《中国树木志》两部巨著分别于2004和2013年全部完成。《中国植物志》全书共80卷126分册,包括我国维管植物301个科、3 408属、31 142种、9 000多个图版。经过4代人的不懈努力和312位植物分类学家的通力协作,历经50余年的漫长岁月艰辛编撰才得以2004年10月全部完成,实现了中国几代植物分类学家的夙愿。初步摸清了中国维管     

应用PV技术对7种针阔叶幼树抗旱性的研究

为进一步探讨PV(Pressure-Volume)技术在树木抗旱性研究中的应用前景,比较成、幼龄树木的抗旱性差别,在对樟子松等7种成龄树木抗旱性生理指标研究的基础上,对其幼树的抗旱性进行了研究。结果表明,对成、幼龄树木一年生小枝用PV曲线所测得的诸水分状况参数随年生长发育进程的的变化规律是一致的;用嫩枝生长初期和枝条完全木质化时期两个阶段的水分参数比较树木的抗旱性、具有较大的可靠性和实用性;幼树在嫩枝生长初期的抗旱性较成树弱,当新枝完全木质化之后,二者的抗旱性基本相近。     

中国分类学文献中Livistona saribus 之订正

通过调查,对Livistona speciosa的等模式、L.saribus的等新模式与中国分类学文献中（如《海南植物志》、《中国植物志》、《福建植物志》、《云南植物志》）的L.speciosa、L.saribus作比较,证实中国分类学文献将L.saribus、L.speciosa相混,中国分类学文献中的L.saribus、L.speciosa均为L.speciosa Kurz。美丽蒲葵L.spe-ciosa的叶的裂片先端浅裂、坚挺,果倒卵形、椭圆形至卵形,长度多于2.5cm,直径多于2cm;大叶蒲葵L.sari-bus（Lour.）Merr.ex A.Chev.的叶的裂片先端深裂、下垂,果球形至近球形,直径少于1.8cm。增补了L.sari-bus的等新模式。     

沙地云杉新种的鉴定及其对我国北方生态环境建设意义

在浩瀚无垠的小腾格里沙地东部边缘,生态环境非常脆弱地区、分布着大面积的原始云杉天然林,是世界上非常罕见特殊的森林生态系统类型．但是长期以来,这种云杉究竞是哪一种？在我国植物分类学上一直是个争论性问题．我国著名树木分类学家郑万钧教授在《中国植物志》第七...     

读《东亚高等植物分类学文献概览》有感

2011年9月马金双赠予的《东亚高等植物分类学文献概览》一书到手,兴奋之余对它粗粗的进行了拜读,发现内容浩如烟海,从基本的文献知识到国内、国际浩瀚的图书、期刊;从国内标本馆到世界主要标本馆的介绍;从《中国植物志》中、英文版的卷册索引到世界性的植物分类学专著;     

而立之年的寄语——贺《云南植物研究》创刊30周年

<云南植物研究>创刊30周年,时逢昆明植物研究所建所70周年,双喜之至,实为幸事.创办<云南植物研究>时,昆明植物研究所已历经沧桑走过了40年的蹉跎岁月,迎来科学的春天,有"天时、地利、人和"等客观条件相助,研究所办刊是人心所望、所心所求的事.当时,在植物学方面,已有<植物学报>、<植物分类学报>和<植物杂志>等学报、杂志,我们研究所地处京外的边陲之地,要办学报级的杂志,难处肯定不少.幸得吴征镒所长的关心和指示,加上所里如武素功、臧穆等多位热心办刊的科研人员的指点和帮助,我们所终于把<云南植物研究>办起来了.     

肯氏南洋杉实生苗培育技术及苗木质量分级

选择生长健壮的30～60年生成年肯氏南洋杉Araucaria cunninghamii母树进行采种,播种前种子去皮处理,幼苗期加强水肥管理和病虫害防治以提高实生苗苗木质量。以根长、地径和苗高为肯氏南洋杉1、2年生实生苗分级的质量指标,应用快速聚类法K-Means分别进行聚类分析,将苗木分为3级。1年生实生苗苗高(≤12 cm)、地径(≤2.5 cm)过小,不适合出圃造林; 2年生实生苗中的Ⅰ级苗和Ⅱ级苗根长、地径、苗高指标均符合出圃造林标准,可以出圃; 2年生实生苗中Ⅲ级苗地径、苗高依然未达到出圃标准,不建议出圃。     

南京老山地区孩儿参（太子参）居群变异体的形态学与生态学特征研究

孩儿参Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｓｔｅｌａｒｉａｈｅｔｅｒｏｐｈｙｌａ（Ｍｉｑ．）Ｐａｘ的块根系常用中药太子参。本文报道了野生于南京老山地区的孩儿参其植物形态特征与我国其他地区所产孩儿参差异较大,有些差异已超过了《中国植物志》等重要文献属种记载范围。对老山孩儿参居群变异体进行了形态特征描述,统计了其变异率,并提供了该居群的一些生境资料。本文不仅对研究我国太子参药用资源品系有重要的实用价值,而且对研究植物居群分化和该属种的演化与分类提供科学依据。     

Identifying the early genetic consequences of habitat degradation in a highly threatened tropical conifer, Araucaria nemorosa Laubenfels

The early genetic effects of habitat degradation were investigated in the critically endangered conifer Araucaria nemorosa. This species occurs in New Caledonia, a global biodiversity hotspot where the world's greatest concentration of endemic conifer species coincides with an extremely high level of habitat destruction due to fire and mining. Using seven microsatellite loci, estimates were made of genetic marker variation, inbreeding coefficients and population differentiation of adult and seedling cohorts of A. nemorosa. These were contrasted with equivalent estimates, made over similar spatial scales and with the same marker loci, in the locally common and more widespread sister species Araucaria columnaris. There were no significant differences in population genetic parameters between adult populations of the two species, despite their different abundances. However, in A. nemorosa, the juvenile cohort showed a loss of rare alleles and elevated levels of inbreeding when compared to the adult cohort. These genetic differences between the cohorts were not observed in the locally common A. columnaris. This suggests that recent environmental degradation is influencing the genetic structure of A. nemorosa populations. Although this is not detectable among predisturbance adult populations, an early warning of these impacts is evident in more recently established seedling cohorts. The conservation implications of these results are discussed.     

POTENTIAL USE OF LEAF BIOMASS,ARAUCARIA HETEROPHYLLA FOR REMOVAL OF Pb+2

The present investigation attempt to analyze the biosorption behavior of novel biosorbent, Araucaria heterophylla (green plant) biomass, for removal of Pb⁺² from solution as the function of initial metal ion concentration, pH, temperature, sorbent dosage and biomass particle size. The maximum biosorption was found to be 95.12% at pH 5 and biosorption capacity (q_e) of Cd⁺² is 9.643 mg/g. The Langmuir and Freundlich equilibrium adsorption isotherms were studied and observed that Freundlich model is best fit than the Langmuir model with correlation coefficient of 0.9927. Kinetic studies indicated that the biosorption process of Cd⁺² followed well pseudo second order model with R² 0.999. The process is exothermic and, spontaneous. The chemical functional groups –OH, CH₂ stretching vibrations, C?O of alcohol, C?O of amide, P?O stretching vibrations, –CH, were involved in the process. The XRD pattern of the A. heterophylla was found to be mostly amorphous in nature. The SEM studies showed Pb⁺² biosorption on selective grains of the biosorbent. It was concluded that A. heterophylla leaf powder can be used as an effective, low cost, and environmentally friendly biosorbent for the removal of Pb⁺² from aqueous solution.     

交互式检索表提升分类学研究与应用效率:以兰科植物为例

与传统的连续检索表相比,基于计算机等数字终端的多通道交互式检索表具有很多优势,如易于携带、实时更新、界面直观、使用方便、用户广泛、产生新数据集且便于研究以及能够推动分类学知识的普及等。本文以兰科植物为例介绍了交互式检索表的特点、程序建立和应用。兰科植物是生物多样性保育的旗舰类群,具有很强的观赏和药用价值,但中国兰科植物种类繁多,分类困难。我们在自主研发交互式检索表软件MagIden的基础上,以《中国植物志》和Flora of China的描述为依据,制作了中国兰科植物交互式电子检索表,为分类学研究者和爱好者提供了一个新的、鉴定中国兰科植物的中英文双语工具;同时,交互式检索表生成的MVSP和Bayes形态特征数据集可用于聚类分析和分支分类学研究。交互式检索表在数据积累、更新和分析利用等方面具有独特的优势,是提高传统植物分类学研究与应用效率的重要工具。     

窄叶山血丹(紫金牛科)一新变种

报道了紫金牛科紫金牛属的一个新变种：窄叶山血丹Ardisia lindleyana D．Dietr．var．angustifolia C．M．Hu＆X．J．Ma,并比较了此变种与本属中具有类似叶形种类的区别。     

The suitability of damaged willow leaves as food for the leaf beetle, Phgiodera versicolora

Abstract. 1. The effect of previous damage on the suitability of willow ( Mix bubylonicu and S.ulbu 'Tristis') leaves as food for the imported willow leaf beetle, Plugiodera versicoloru Laich. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), was evaluated by feeding adults and larvae leaves from damaged and undamaged branchlets.
2. Females had lower fecundity when fed leaves from artificially damaged branchlets of S.ufba 'Tristis'. A similar result was obtained when beetles ate leaves from naturally damaged branchlets of S.babylonica .
3. Feeding preference tests suggest that the reductions in leaf suitability were not due to adults avoiding damaged leaves as a food source.
4. PZugiodera versicolora larvae required longer to develop and attained a lower adult weight when fed leaves from damaged branchlets.
5. Changes in leaf suitability brought about by herbivore feeding may affect the seasonal abundance of P.versicoloru on its willow hosts.     

Disturbance processes and spatial patterns of two emergent conifers in New Caledonia

Abstract Araucaria laubenfelsii Corbasson and Araucaria montana Brongn et Gris are emergent conifers in maquis and forest communities which are subjected to a combination of fire and cyclonic disturbances. Both species are able to survive fire once stems reach a critical size, but most seedlings and saplings are killed. Both species were found to be clumped at most spatial scales for both saplings and trees in maquis, probably resulting from a combination of patchy fire and a limited ability to disperse seeds. Comparisons of burned and unburned A. montana sites suggest that clumping increases only slightly after fire. The degree of clumping in the A. laubenfelsii sites, suggested that fire disturbances may occur relatively frequently in the region. Cyclonic disturbances are infrequent but may result in blow‐down of large individuals within both maquis and forest. All of the individuals blown‐down during the study had been previously fire‐scarred. Around tree blow‐downs, seedling and sapling densities can be high. This likely reflects both the low dispersability of Araucaria seeds and enhanced moisture from the shading of the adult, when it was alive. Disturbance by fire and wind play an important role in the regeneration dynamics and spatial pattern of these species in maquis in New Caledonia.     

A Floristic Study of Flora of Seed Plants of the Chaqia-GongheBasin and Its Contiguous Zone in Qinghai,China

The Chaqia-Gonghe Basin and its contiguous zone is situated in eastern Qinghai of China, between latitude 34°45′- 37°00′N and longitude 98°45′- 101°30′E . Ranging from 2 800m to 5 305 m in altitude, the total area is about 38 300km2 . Its climate is continental or plateau-continental one . There are 854 species of native seed plants belonging to 59 families and 277 genera there , which occupied 37. 37% of the total species, 54 . 53% of the total genera and 65. 56% of the total families in Qinghai respectively . The floristic characteristics of the native seed plants are as follows : ( 1) Number of species and woody ones there are poor . (2) At generic level, the flora is temperate in nature, dominated by north temperate elements especially the typical elements from the warm and cold zone of Eurasia , but also with some elements of warm, cold warm and alpine ones . (3 ) The area is a margin of distribution for many species or genera especially for tropical ones, and thus , the flora of the area is clearly marginal in nature . (4) Floristic-geographically , it is a converged and transitional region for the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Alpine Flora , Loess Plateau Warm Flora , as well as East Asia Alpine Desert Flora. (5 ) It is a part of the Tangute Flora . (6 ) It is a key area to divide the subregions in the flora of Qinghai on the Tangute Area .