枫香下胚轴的离体培养和植株再生

1　植物名称　枫香 (Ｌｉｑｕｉｄａｍｂａｒｆｏｒｍｏｓａｎａ)。2　材料类别　无菌种子萌发后的幼苗下胚轴。3　培养条件　 ( 1 )无菌种子萌发培养基 :ＭＳ ;( 2 )不定芽诱导培养基 :1 /2ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ0 .5、1 .0、2 .0ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) ＮＡＡ 0 .1 ;( 3)不定芽增殖培养基 :1 /2ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 1 .0 ＮＡＡ 0 .1 ＧＡ 30 .5 ;( 4 )生根培养基 :ＷＰＭ ＩＢＡ 2 .0。所有培养基蔗糖均为 3% ,琼脂 0 .65 % ,ｐＨ 5 .8,1 2 1℃高温、高压灭菌 1 6ｍｉｎ。培养温度 2 4～ 2 6℃ ,光照 1 6ｈ·ｄ- 1 ,光照度 2 0 0 0ｌｘ左右。4　…     

木立芦荟的组织培养及快速繁殖

1　植物名称　木立芦荟 (Ａｌｏｅａｒｂｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｓｖａｒ .ｎａｔａｌｅｎｓｉｓ)。2　材料类别　具芽点的茎段。3　培养条件　芽诱导培养基 :( 1 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 2ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) ＮＡＡ 0 .2。不定芽增殖培养基 :( 2 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 1 ＮＡＡ 0 .1 ;( 3)ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 2 ＮＡＡ 0 .2 ;( 4 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 3 ＮＡＡ 0 .2 ;( 5)ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 5 ＮＡＡ 0 .1。生根培养基 :( 6)ＭＳ ＮＡＡ 0 .5;( 7) 1 /2ＭＳ ＮＡＡ 0 .5;( 8)ＭＳ。以上培养基均加 0 .7%琼脂、3%蔗糖 ,ｐＨ5.8。培养温度 2 2～2 7℃ ,光照 1 0～ 1 2…     

铁兰的组织培养和快速繁殖

1　植物名称　铁兰 (Ｔｉｌｌａｎｄｓｉａｃｙａｎｅａ)。2　材料类别　短缩茎。3　培养条件　芽诱导培养基 :( 1 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 0 .5ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) ＮＡＡ 0 .1。不定芽增殖与继代培养基 :( 2 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 5 ＮＡＡ 1 ＩＡＡ 1 ;( 3)ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 5 ＮＡＡ 2 ;( 4 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 5 ＩＡＡ 2 ;( 5)ＭＳ ＫＴ 5 ＮＡＡ 1 ＩＡＡ 1。生根培养基 :( 6)ＭＳ ＮＡＡ 0 .5;( 7)ＭＳ ＩＢＡ 0 .5;( 8)ＭＳ。以上培养基均附加蔗糖 3%、琼脂 0 .7% ,ｐＨ值调至 5.8,培养温度 ( 2 5± 1 )℃ ,光照时间 1 2ｈ·ｄ- 1 ,光照度1 5…     

非洲菊组织培养与快速繁殖

植物名称　非洲菊 (Ｇｅｒｂｅｒａｊａｍｅｓｏｎｉｉ) ,又名扶郎花。2　材料类别　黄色和玫瑰红色的花托。3　培养条件　以 1 / 2ＭＳ(大量元素和微量元素减半 )和ＭＳ为基本培养基。诱导培养基附加 :(1 ) 6 ＢＡ1 0ｍｇ·Ｌ-1(单位下同 ) ＮＡＡ1 .0 ,(2 ) 6 ＢＡ 7 ＮＡＡ 0 .7,(3) 6 ＢＡ 5 ＮＡＡ0 .5 ,(4) 6 ＢＡ 2 ＮＡＡ 0 .2 ;增殖培养基 :ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 0 .1～ 0 .5 ＮＡＡ 0 .0 1～ 0 .0 5 ;生根培养基 :ＭＳ。上述培养基均为固体培养基 ,3%蔗糖、0 .4%琼脂粉 ,ｐＨ 5 .8,培养温度(2 5± 2 )℃ ,光照 1 2～ 1 4ｈ·ｄ…     

报春花的组织培养与快速繁殖

1　植物名称　报春花 (Ｐｒｉｍｕｌａｍａｌａｃｏｉｄｅｓ)。2　材料类别　叶片、叶柄。3　培养条件　以ＭＳ为基本培养基。诱导愈伤组织培养基 :( 1 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 0 .5ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) ＮＡＡ 1 ;( 2 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 0 .1 ＮＡＡ 0 .5。诱导芽分化培养基 :( 3)ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 3;( 4 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ2 ＮＡＡ 0 .2。生根培养基 :( 5 )ＭＳ ＩＢＡ 0 .3 ＮＡＡ 0 .2。以上培养基 ｐＨ均为 5 .8,琼脂浓度为0 .7% ,蔗糖浓度为 3% ,培养温度均为 2 3～ 2 5℃ ,光照度 1 5 0 0～ 2 0 0 0ｌｘ ,光照 1 2ｈ·ｄ- 1 。4　生长与分化情…     

姜黄花的组织培养

1　植物名称　姜黄花 (Ｃｕｒｃｕｍａｌｏｎｇａ)。2　材料类别　球茎上的不定芽。3　培养条件　愈伤组织诱导培养基 :( 1 )ＭＳ +6 ＢＡ 1 .0ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) +ＮＡＡ 0 .1。芽分化及增殖培养基 :( 2 )ＭＳ + 6 ＢＡ 1 .0 +ＩＡＡ 0 .1 ;( 3)ＭＳ + 6 ＢＡ 1 .0 +ＫＴ 0 .1 +ＮＡＡ 0 .1。诱导生根培养基 :( 4 ) 1 /2ＭＳ +ＮＡＡ 0 .2。上述培养基均加蔗糖 3%、琼脂 0 .8%,ｐＨ 5 .8。培养基 ( 2 )、( 3)、( 4 )中可加入 0 .0 3%活性碳。培养温度为( 2 5± 2 )℃ ,光照度为 1 5 0 0ｌｘ ,光照时间 1 2ｈ·ｄ- 1 。4　生长与分化…     

长翅秋海棠的叶片培养和快速繁殖

1　植物名称　长翅秋海棠 (Ｂｅｇｏｎｉａｌｏｎ ｇｉａｌａｔａ)。2　材料类别　初展幼叶。3　培养条件　不定芽诱导培养基和增殖培养基分别采用 :( 1 )ＭＳ ＮＡＡ 0 .5ｍｇ·Ｌ-1(单位下同 ) 6 ＢＡ 1 ;( 2 )ＭＳ ＩＡＡ 0 .5 6 ＢＡ 1 ;( 3)ＭＳ ＮＡＡ 1 6 ＢＡ 0 .5 ;( 4 )ＭＳ ＮＡＡ 1 6 ＢＡ 1 .5。根的诱导采用 :( 5 ) 1 /2ＭＳ ＩＢＡ 1 ;( 6 ) 1 /2ＭＳ ＮＡＡ 1。以上培养基均加入 0 .6 %琼脂粉 ,ｐＨ 5 .8。( 1 )、( 2 )、( 3)、( 4 )分别加入 3%蔗糖 ,( 5 )、( 6 )分别加入 1 .5 %蔗糖。培养温度 ( 2 5±3)℃…     

皂质芦荟的组织培养和植株再生

1　植物名称　皂质芦荟 (Ａｌｏｅｓａｐｏｎａｒｉａ)。2　材料类别　肉质叶尖。3　培养条件　基本培养基为ＭＳ。诱导不定芽培养基 :(1 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 4ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) ;(2 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 6 ＮＡＡ 0 5 ;(3 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 4 ＮＡＡ 0 2。诱导根培养基 :(4) 1 /2ＭＳ ＮＡＡ 0 8。以上培养基均加 3 %蔗糖 ,0 9%琼脂粉 ,ｐＨ 5 8。培养在 2 5～3 0℃的简易玻璃恒温培养箱内 ,自然光照。4　生长与分化情况　　从盆栽的生长旺盛 ,粗壮无病虫害的皂质芦荟植株新生肉质叶尖上切取 5ｃｍ置于尼龙袋中 ,用自来水冲洗 5ｍｉｎ后…     

皇宝石的组织培养和快速繁殖

1　植物名称　皇宝石 (Ｐｈｉｌｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎｉｍｐｅｒｉａｌｇｅｍ)。2　材料类别　顶芽及幼嫩茎段。3　培养条件　以ＭＳ为基本培养基。诱导分化培养基 :(1 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 5ｍｇ·Ｌ-1(单位下同 ) ;(2 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 2 ＮＡＡ 0 .2。增殖培养基 :(3 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 1 ＮＡＡ 0 .1。诱导生根培养基 :(4)ＭＳ ＩＢＡ 1。上述培养基均加 3 %蔗糖 ,0 .7%琼脂 ,ｐＨ 5 .8,1 2 1℃高温高压灭菌 2 0ｍｉｎ左右。培养温度 (2 5± 2 )℃ ,光照度 1 5 0 0 2 0 0 0ｌｘ ,光照 81 0ｈ·ｄ-1。4　生长与分化情况4.1　无菌材料的获得　取皇宝…     

败酱的组织培养和快速繁殖

1　植物名称　败酱 (Ｐａｔｒｉｎｉａｓｃａｂｉｏｓａｅｆｏｌｉａ) ,民间称为苦菜。2　材料类别　一年生败酱的茎。3　培养条件　基本培养基为ＭＳ。 (1 )芽诱导培养基Ⅰ :ＭＳ ＢＡ 0 .5ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) ＫＴ0 .5 ＩＢＡ 0 .5 ;芽诱导培养基Ⅱ :ＭＳ ＢＡ 0 .5 ＫＴ 1 .0 ＩＢＡ 1 .0。 (2 )生根培养基 :ＭＳ ＢＡ 0 .2 ＩＢＡ 2 .0。培养基含蔗糖 3 0 ｇ·Ｌ- 1 ,琼脂 0 .8% ,ｐＨ5 .8,培养温度 (2 5± 1 )°Ｃ ,光照度 1 2 0 0～ 1 40 0ｌｘ ,光照 1 4ｈ·ｄ- 1 。4　生长与分化情况　　取败酱嫩茎用自来水冲洗干净 ,…     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism