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内蒙古达茂旗腾格淖尔地区大沙鼠种群繁殖习性的调查 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
鼠类繁殖生态学的研究是其种群生态学研究的一个重要方面 ,它不但为研究鼠类种群数量变动规律对种群数量进行预测预报提供重要的生态学基础资料 ,也为控制鼠害措施的制定提供依据 ,同时也具有重要的流行病学意义。大沙鼠 (Rhombmysopimus)广泛分布于中亚细亚、哈萨克斯坦、伊朗、阿富汗和蒙古国等地 ,在我国主要分布于内蒙古西部、甘肃北部和新疆 ,是荒漠—半荒漠地区的重要害鼠。我国对其生态学方面多注重于种群分布格局的研究[1~ 5] ,在繁殖方面的研究甚少[6] 。 1 979~1 980年和 1 995~ 1 996年对内蒙古包头市达尔罕茂… 相似文献
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大沙鼠和子午沙鼠的种群生态位 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12
大沙鼠(Rhombomysopimus)和子午沙鼠(Merionesmeridianus)均为荒漠、半荒漠的典型鼠种,为群栖性鼠类,只是子午沙鼠不像大沙鼠那样形成很大的集群。在沙质荒漠生境,大沙鼠和子午沙鼠常混居于沙丘坡地上部,成为这些地区自然群落中的优势种。对于大沙鼠和子午沙鼠种群之间的关系,在空间分布格局方面的研究已有报道[1]。作者于1995年9~10月、1996年4~5月、9~10月和1999年10月在内蒙古包头市达尔罕茂名安联合旗北部的腾格淖尔地区,对大沙鼠和子午沙鼠种群生态位进行了研究,并就它们对资源的利用和分配以及两… 相似文献
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高山姬鼠种群年龄结构和繁殖的调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
高山姬鼠种群年龄结构和繁殖的调查黎道洪,罗蓉贵州师范大学生物科学技术系贵阳550001高山姬鼠(Apthem。chhaeri)在贵州主要分布于黔西北地区的威宁、赫章、毕节、大方等地,是农田中的主要优势种。有关鼠类种群年龄结构的划分以牙齿的磨损程度为依... 相似文献
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大沙鼠和子午沙鼠种群空间分布格局的研究 总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13
采用最近邻体法、T形取样法和负二项分布法对内蒙古达茂联合旗腾格淖尔地区的大沙鼠和子午沙鼠空间分布格局进行了研究。结果表明,大沙鼠一年四季均为聚集分布,子午沙鼠在冬春季为均匀分布,在夏秋季为聚集分布。二种群间在冬春季为聚集或均匀分布,在夏秋季为明显的聚集分布。对二者空间分布格局进行相关性检验,冬春季二者为负相关,夏秋季为正相关。 相似文献
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锡金小家鼠种群年龄结构和繁殖研究 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
锡金小家鼠(Mus pahari)为东南亚及南亚的热带和亚热带山地常见农田害鼠,在我国主要分布于西藏、四川、广西和贵州等省区。本文是我们在黔西北地区对锡金小家鼠种群年龄结构和繁殖情况的调查结果。 相似文献
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长爪沙鼠种群数量与气象因子的关系 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
根据内蒙古自治区伊克昭盟鄂托克旗和鄂托克前旗1975—1989年长爪沙鼠密度监测数据和本地区气象站的7项气象因子资料,给出了气象因子与鼠密度的最优回归子集模型和标准回归模型。得到结论:年降水是影响鼠数量变动的最重要的气象因子。求出了年降水与鼠密度的曲线回归模型。 相似文献
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大沙鼠的年龄鉴定与种群年龄组成 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
在鼠类生态学的研究中 ,对鼠类年龄的鉴定是一项重要的工作。年龄组成是种群的重要特征之一 ,它有助于了解种群的年龄结构以及种群数量变动的规律。大沙鼠 (Rhombomysopimus)是中亚地区荒漠及半荒漠草原的重要害鼠之一 ,在内蒙古西部的梭梭 (Haloxylonammodendron)林区 ,由于大沙鼠的啃咬 ,影响了该地区梭梭林的正常结实 ,从而降低了结实量[1 ] 。同时 ,大沙鼠又是鼠疫和皮肤利什曼病的重要宿主。对大沙鼠的年龄鉴定与种群年龄组成进行研究 ,将有助于了解其种群数量变动的规律 ,从而为有效防治大沙鼠鼠… 相似文献
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大沙鼠(Rhombomys opimus)是中亚荒漠、半荒漠草原的典型鼠种,在荒漠草原多呈不连续的岛状分布,多集居于白刺(Nitraria sibirica)、盐爪爪(Kalidium foliatum)丛生的沙地或风成沙丘上的灌丛之间,是农、林、牧以及卫生防疫的重要害鼠。对其种群数量动态目前只有黄健和张大铭(2004)采用Leslie矩阵进行了研究。本文探讨了大沙鼠种群密度与降水量的关系,为其种群动态提供基础资料。 相似文献
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Leslie 矩阵在大沙鼠种群动态研究中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2002~2003年通过对精河甘家湖荒漠梭梭林国家级自然保护区大沙鼠的实地调查,采用样方面积夹子法、堵洞盗开法、样地捕净法,捕获大沙鼠173只,其中雄94只,雌79只。用胴体重为指标划分年龄。经Leslie矩阵推演,其数量变动表明,近几年该种群保持在相对稳定的水平,两三年内数量不会有大的变动。 相似文献
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灌木肥岛的形成和维持是物理和生物过程共同作用的结果。植物是影响灌木肥岛形成的关键因素;动物活动亦能影响土壤的理化性质,促进肥岛的形成。本文以中亚干旱区的代表性物种柽柳和大沙鼠为研究对象,研究了大沙鼠活动对柽柳沙包肥岛效应的影响。结果表明:无大沙鼠定居的柽柳沙包具有肥岛效应,但土壤养分含量并无显著提高;大沙鼠定居后,柽柳沙包出现明显的肥岛效应,土壤养分含量显著高于丘间对照地;大沙鼠活动促进了15~50cm深层土壤养分的富集,速效氮含量甚至是相同深度无洞柽柳沙包的2倍以上。表明大沙鼠活动促进了柽柳沙包肥岛的形成。 相似文献
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Flexible social structure of a desert rodent, Rhombomys opimus: philopatry, kinship, and ecological constraints 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Randall Jan A.; Rogovin Konstantin; Parker Patricia G.; Eimes John A. 《Behavioral ecology》2005,16(6):961-973
We tested hypotheses based on philopatry, kinship, and ecologicalconstraints to explain sociality in a semifossorial desert rodent,the great gerbil, Rhombomys opimus. Data were collected in thefield in Uzbekistan in the spring and fall of 1996 and 19982004.Population densities fluctuated dramatically with high turnoverin both males and females to reveal that dispersal and socialstructure were density dependent. Fewer gerbils dispersed athigher densities and members of family groups dispersed together.A majority of females lived in groups at high densities, butas population densities declined, proportionally more femaleswere solitary. DNA analysis revealed that group-living femaleswere genetically similar, whereas solitary females visited bythe same male, as well as adult males and females in the samefamily group, were usually not genetically similar. Reproductivesuccess as measured by the number of emergent pups and survivalof juveniles during the summer drought was not related to groupsize or whether females were philopatric. A majority of femalesin family groups reproduced, and all females engaged in cooperativebehaviors. We accepted three hypotheses to explain fluctuationsin group formation in the great gerbil: variation in food abundanceand distribution, habitat saturation, and kinship. We concludethat great gerbils are facultatively social. Flexible socialbehavior may be adaptive in unpredictable desert conditions.Females live solitarily under conditions of limited food andhigh mortality that disrupt social behavior and group formationand share territories with female kin under favorable conditionsfor survival and reproduction when kin groups can be maintained.Males adjust to the distribution of females. 相似文献
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Stephanie I. J. Holzhauer Kirsten Wolff Volkmar Wolters 《Journal of Insect Conservation》2009,13(5):543-552
The impact of temporal changes in habitat availability and land use on the present genetic diversity of the grassland katydid
species Metrioptera roeselii was investigated in an extensively used agricultural landscape (Lahn-Dill-Bergland, Germany) based on six microsatellite
loci. By integrating spatial and temporal dimensions, this study contrasts to conventional approaches that usually record
landscape changes at discrete points in time. Molecular data suggest little geographical substructuring of the species. Nevertheless,
time-dependent effects on genetic diversity in terms of observed heterozygosity and allelic richness within subpopulations
were detected by general linear models (GLM), explaining up to 82 and 13%, respectively. The results indicated that allelic
richness was significantly reduced with higher rates of land-use change. Contrastingly, the level of heterozygosity even increased
with increasing land-use change, if this rate increase was accompanied by a reduction in grassland amount, while with an increase
of grassland amount the level of heterozygosity remained similar. Furthermore, depending on the study site, heterozygosity
was differently affected by grassland age of sampled patches and of the surrounding. This is presumably induced by contrasting
levels of heterozygosity in combination with differing modes of dispersal due to habitat availability and site-specific matrix
effects. The loss of genetic diversity due to frequent land-use change might result in a reduced ability to adapt to landscape
change, which is even more relevant in intensively used agricultural landscapes and in the course of climate change. 相似文献