发酵生产龙血竭中龙血素A和B的分析

以高效液相色谱法,检测血竭诱导菌在不同发酵时间下发酵龙血树干粉和龙血树愈伤组织的产物中龙血素A和龙血素B的含量。干粉发酵产物中,龙血素A的含量大于愈伤组织发酵产物中的含量,并且在第四周时达到最大值0.253 mg/g;龙血素B在第三周时达最大值0.519 mg/g。愈伤组织发酵产物也含有少量的龙血素A和龙血素B。虽然发酵产物中的龙血素B远远高于龙血树根、茎、叶中的含量,但还是低于0.4%的质量标准,因此不能应用于生产。     

Dracaena Leaf Proliferosis, a Newly Recorded Disease Affecting Dracaena sanderiana in Egypt

Dracaena leaf proliferosis is a newly reported disease affecting Dracaena sanderiana in Egypt. A cause and effect relationship between this disease and the fungus,Fusarium proliferatum var. minus has been established. In addition to D. sanderiana the fungus was found to be pathogenic, when tested in the laboratory, to several other members of the family Liliaceae. While the in vitro growth of the fungus is optimum at 25 °C, symptom expression is best at 30°C. Twelve fungicides were tested for their in vitro effect on fungal growth. Benlate, Rubigan, Saprol, Cercobin and Vitavax-200 came first on the list and inhibited growth at 2.5, 12.0, 55.0, 75.0, and 94.0 μg/ml, respectively. Although, Benlate was the most effective fungicide in this respect it failed to demonstrate similar effect on disease development when applied to plants artificially inoculated with the fungus. Fungal growth was completely inhibited on PDA medium by a bacterium belonging to Bacillus sp. but when the bacterium at a concentration of 1 × 10¹¹ cell/ml was applied 24 h before, at the same time with, or 24 h after inoculation no control of the disease was achieved. Naturally-infected plants could, however, be freed from infection when subjected to a hot air treatment at 35 ± 5 °C during day time and 25 ± 5° C at night for 3 months.     

剑叶龙血树树脂中的植物防卫素

１引言剑叶龙血树（Ｄｒａｃａｅｎａｃｏｃｈｉｎｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）系龙舌兰科龙血树属,常绿乔木或灌木,在云南主要分布于勐连、勐腊、思茅、普洱、沧源、景东等县．在广西也有分布．剑叶龙血树现已成为我国传统中药血竭的主要基源植物之一［３］．近几年,对血竭化...     

云南龙血树属(龙舌兰科)一新种——深脉龙血树

描述了龙血树属Dracaena一新种--深脉龙血树D. impressivenia Y. H. Yan &; H. J. Guo, 并绘了线图。该种产于中国云南盈江县, 与矮龙血树D. terniflora Roxb.叶形相似, 但侧脉深陷, 总状花序上具许多每6-9朵簇生的花, 苞片暗红色, 花被伸直, 长3-3.5 cm, 可与后者明显区别。     

海南龙血树的组织培养

1植物名称海南龙血树(Dracaena cambodiana). 2材料类别幼嫩茎段. 3培养条件(1)诱导培养基:MS 6-BA 5.0 mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.5 Ad(腺嘌呤)40;(2)增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 5.0 NAA 0.5 Ad 0.4;(3)分化壮苗培养基:MS 6-BA 5.0 NAA 0.1 Ad 40 AC(活性碳)1 g·L-1;(4)生根培养基:MS NAA 0.3 AC 1 g·L-1.以上培养基均添加30 g·L-1蔗糖、5.8g·L-1卡拉胶,pH 6.0.培养温度26～28℃,光照时间8～10 h·d-1,光照度1500～2000 1x.     

也门铁的组织培养技术研究

以4品种也门铁的茎段为外植体进行组织培养技术研究。结果表明,控制普通也门铁茎段褐化效果最理想的培养基为MS + 0.25 g·L-1 VC + 0.50 g·L-1 Na2S2O3;诱导也门铁不定芽萌动的最佳培养基为MS + 3.0 mg·L-1 6-BA + 0.2 mg·L-1 NAA + 0.1 mg·L-1 KT;诱导也门铁不定芽增殖的最佳培养基,因品种不同而异,普通也门铁和金心也门铁为MS + 2.0 mg·L-1 6-BA + 1.0 mg·L-1 NAA + 0.1 mg·L-1 GA3,扭纹铁和金心扭纹铁为MS + 1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA + 0.5 mg·L-1 NAA + 0.1 mg·L-1 GA3;也门铁壮苗的最佳培养基为MS + 0.05 mg·L-1 6-BA + 0.05 mg·L-1 NAA + l g·L-1AC;也门铁生根最优培养基为1/2MS + 0.5 mg·L-1 IBA。     

Steroidal saponins from fresh stem of Dracaena cochinchinensis

A further phytochemical investigation on the fresh stem of Dracaena cochinchinensis yielded 18 steroidal saponins. Fourteen of which are new compounds, designated as 25(R,S)-dracaenosides E-H, M, O-Q, dracaenosides I-L, R, and 25(S)-dracaenoside N. Their structures were determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR data, and the result of hydrolytic reaction.     

赤霉属真菌诱导龙血竭形成的HPLC指纹图谱

龙血竭为百合科植物龙血树所产的树脂类药材,常常因树干部位受损伤后,经微生物侵染并分泌树脂,经提而成。本研究以活性菌株诱导所得龙血竭药材为研究对象,采用HPLC指纹图谱与对照药材相比较,为其质量控制提供评价及分析方法。采用ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱（5μm,4.6mm×250mm）,流动相A为30%乙腈+0.3%乙酸,流动相B为100%乙腈,梯度洗脱,流速1.0mL/min,检测波长278nm与309nm,柱温25℃。结果发现,各龙血竭样品指纹图谱与对照样品相似度高,确定14个共有峰,并通过对照指认了7,4’-二羟基黄酮、龙血素A、龙血素B和白藜芦醇共4个特征性化学成分。本研究发现活性真菌菌株诱导产物可作为天然龙血竭的替代品,诱导药材质量佳,诱导效果好。     

星点木的组织培养和快速繁殖

1　植物名称　星点木 (Dracaenagodseffiana)。2　材料类别　茎尖 (buds)、带节茎段 (stemseg mentswithnod)。3　培养条件　丛生芽诱导及增殖培养基 :( 1 )MS + 6 BA 2 .0mg·L- 1 (单位下同 ) +NAA 0 .2 ;( 2 )MS + 6 BA 1 .0 +NAA 0 .1 ;( 3)MS + 6 BA0 .5 +NAA 0 .0 5。生根培养基 :( 4 ) 1 /2MS ;( 5 )MS ;( 6)MS +NAA 0 .5。以上培养基均含 30 g·L- 1 蔗糖 (sucrose)、0 .7%琼脂 (agar) ,pH 5 .5～ 5 .8,。培养温度 ( 2 8± 2 )℃ ,光照度 1 5 0 0～ 2 0 0 0lx ,光照 1 2h·d- 1 。4　生长与分化情况4.1　丛生芽的诱导…     

也门铁的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称 也门铁（Dracaena deremensis EngL）。 2材料类别 茎尖、茎段和侧芽。     

A homo-isoflavonoid and a cytotoxic saponin from Dracaena draco

Two new compounds, dracol (= (3R)-2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-3-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-8-methyl-4H-[1]benzopyran-4-one; 1) and icodeside (= (1beta,3beta,23S,24S)-3,23-dihydroxy-1-{[2-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]oxy}spirosta-5,25(27)-dien-24-yl alpha-L-arabinopyranoside; 2), were isolated from the EtOH extract of the leaves of Dracaena draco, together with 17 known constituents. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by in-depth spectroscopic analysis, and those of the known compounds were identified by comparison of their NMR and MS data with those reported in the literature. Icodeside (2) showed moderate cytotoxicity against human HL-60 and A-431 cells (Table 3).     

海南龙血树的形态组织学研究

采用植物解剖学、显微切片技术等,分别对海南龙血树含有树脂的茎、不含树脂的茎、幼根和叶片等进行了系统的组织学研究。结果表明：老茎主要由栓化层、皮层、形成层和基本组织4部分组成,树脂主要分布在基本组织内维管束的导管和纤维中。叶片为等面叶,气孔主要分布在下表皮上、具有明显的孔下室,上下表皮内侧分布着大量的纤维束。幼根由根被细胞、皮层和维管柱组成。根、茎、叶的部分薄壁细胞中均含有晶束。海南龙血树营养器官的结构特征与干旱、高温和贫瘠的生态环境相适应。这些结果可为海南龙血树的开发和利用提供基本的解剖学证据。     

In vitro propagation of green-foliaged Dracaena fragrans Ker.

Callus tissue was induced in young stem segments cultured on MS based media supplemented with 0.25–0.5 mg l^-1 2, 4-D. Shoots were differentiated on media containing 0.5–1.0 mg l^-1 BA and 0.5–2.0 mg l^-1 IBA or 0.1–0.2 mg l^-1 NAA. The same media were suitable for shoot multiplication. Shoot elongation and rooting were strongly inhibited by BA and stimulated by auxins IBA and NAA. Medium containing 0.5 mg l^-1 IBA was optimal for rooting. Root elongation was stimulated by light and inhibited in darkness. Transfer of rooted plantlets to outdoor conditions was feasible and special hardening procedures were not required. Among more than 5000 plants produced by this procedure only 9 off-type plants with variegated leaves were found.     

百合竹的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称百合竹（Dracaena reflexa Lam.）。2材料类别带节茎段。3培养条件初代培养和继代增殖培养基：（1）MS＋6-BA5.0mg·L-1（单位下同）＋NAA0.4;（2）MS＋6-BA2.0＋NAA0.2;（3）MS＋6-BA1.0＋NAA0.1;（4）MS＋6-BA0.5＋NAA0.01。生根培养基：     

广西龙血竭中几种化学成分对血小板聚集影响的初步研究

从广西龙血竭的氯仿提取部位中得到3种化合物,经IR、1H NMR 13C NMR、MS等现代波谱技术分别鉴定为3,4'-二羟基-5-甲氧基二苯乙烯、剑叶龙血素A、龙血素B,本研究还观察了上述化合物对健康志愿者血小板聚集的影响,发现均对体外ADP诱导的血小板聚集有一定的抑制作用.     

Effects of dragon’s blood resin and its component loureirin B on tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-gated sodium currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons

Using whole-cell patch clamp technique on the membrane of freshly isolated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, the effects of dragon’s blood resin and its important component loureirin B on tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) voltage-gated sodium currents were observed. The results show that both blood resin and loureirin B could suppress TTX-S voltage-gated sodium currents in a dose-dependent way. The peak current amplitudes and the steady-state activation and inactivation curves are also made to shift by 0.05% blood resin and 0.2 mmol/L loureirin B. These results demonstrate that the effects of blood resin on TTX-S sodium current may contribute to loureirin B in blood resin. Perhaps the analgesic effect of blood resin is caused partly by loureirin B directly interfering with the nociceptive transmission of primary sensory neurons.     

Massive aerial roots affect growth and form of Dracaena draco

Key message

Large aerial roots grow out from the branches of injured Dracaena draco trees. They integrate with the trunk or cause the branches to break off the tree and deform it.

Abstract

Dracaena draco, the dragon tree, is an iconic monocot of the Canary Islands with a tree-like growth habit and some distinctive features that are unique in the plant kingdom. We report about the massive aerial roots in this tree. They appear on trees that are injured or under environmental stress and affect growth form and the whole life of the plant. We analysed the growth of these roots and tested our findings in experiments on plants. Clusters of these roots emerge from the bases of the lowest branches and growing down they may reach the soil. Descending along the trunk, they cling tightly to the trunk, integrate with it and contribute to its radial growth. This may explain (1) why the trunk of a mature D. draco tree looks fibrous, as if made of many individual strands, and (2) how some trees reach enormous radial dimensions. Alternately, a large, 2–5 m high, multi-segmented branch with aerial roots at its base, may break off the tree and grow on its own, as a mammoth off-cut, perhaps the largest known in the plant kingdom. This detachment would cause a significant reduction in the size of the crown and deform its original, highly organized pattern of branching. In the extreme condition this may result in the destruction of the mother plant.