双侧慢性硬膜下血肿与单侧慢性硬膜下血肿的临床比较

目的:双侧慢性硬膜下血肿和单侧慢性硬膜下血肿患者的临床比较。方法:将33例双侧慢性硬膜下血肿和119例单侧慢性硬膜下血肿患者的临床表现、诱发因素、CT扫描、术后并发症和疗效进行回顾性对比分析。结果:单侧慢性硬膜下血肿组平均年龄67岁,双侧慢性硬膜下血肿组平均年龄71岁(P>0.05),两组患者均以男性多见(P>0.05)。与单侧慢性硬膜下血肿组相比,双侧慢性硬膜下血肿组头痛/呕吐更常见(P<0.05),使用抗凝/抗血小板药物患者较多(P<0.05),中线移位>5mm少于双侧慢性硬膜下血肿组(P<0.05)。两组患者合并的常见系统疾病、术后并发症和疗效无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:双侧慢性硬膜下血肿易发生于使用抗凝/抗血小板药物的老年患者,颅内压增高征更明显。两组大多数患者术后均恢复良好。     

慢性硬膜下血肿CT诊断

本文总结了37例慢性硬膜下血肿的CT表现,并就其发病原因、病程及血肿密度的关系做了相关分析。对慢性硬膜下血肿特别是等密度慢性硬膜下血肿的CT诊断与鉴别诊断做了细致探讨。     

阿托伐他汀对慢性硬膜下血肿患者术后MBI、CSS评分的影响

目的:探讨阿托伐他汀对慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)患术后改良barthel指数(MBI)和中国卒中量表(CSS)评分的影响。方法:选择2014年2月至2019年2月我院接诊的126例CSDH术后患者进行研究,通过随机数表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组各63例。两组患者均接受钻孔引流术,对照组术后给予常规处理,观察组联合阿托伐他汀口服治疗,均持续用药1个月。比较两组治疗前后血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、人S100B蛋白(S-100B、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1(IL-1)、MBI、CSS评分的变化情况及不良反应的发生情况和复发情况。结果:观察组治疗后血清NSE、S-100B、CRP、TNF-α、IL-1水平均低于对照组(P0.05),MBI评分高于对照组,CSS评分低于对照组(P0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),观察组复发率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀能降低CSDH患者患术后炎症反应,提高MBI、CSS评分,降低复发率,且不增加不良反应。     

足踝部慢性骨髓炎的手术治疗策略

目的:足踝部特殊的解剖结构使其在手术或创伤打击之后易发骨髓炎,本文介绍了足踝部慢性骨髓炎的治疗策略及治疗结果。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月到2015年12月于我科治疗的足踝部慢性骨髓炎患者的临床特点及治疗结果,纳入患者术后随访至少2年,有糖尿病或免疫缺陷者被排除在研究之外。骨髓炎的病因,原发部位,致病菌,是否累及临近关节及骨髓炎复发情况被纳入评估,所有患者术前均进行SPECT/CT检查,用以评估骨髓炎感染的范围以及是否累及临近关节。手术治疗策略包括彻底的病灶清除,去除死腔以及累及关节时进行关节融合等。结果:足踝部慢性骨髓炎最常见的病因是创伤后的开放骨折或脱位,占所有患者的70%。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌是最常见的致病病原体。在45%的患者中,骨髓炎侵犯邻近关节,所有累及关节患者均进行了关节融合术。平均住院天数为16.5天。20例患者中18例无复发。结论:足踝部慢性骨髓炎发生邻近关节侵犯时,在进行彻底的病灶清除和去除死腔后,进行关节融合可获得良好疗效。     

颅脑外伤硬膜下血肿术后合并急性脑梗死患者的护理

2004年8月7日我院收治1例脑外伤合并硬膜下血肿的急诊患者,经开颅手术清除血肿,病情逐渐好转。18天后在高压氧治疗过程中,突然发生脑梗死,再次昏迷。经全力抢救,精心护理,患者转危为安。现报告如下。     

治疗腹膜后血肿的临床探讨

目的：探讨治疗腹膜后血肿的临床疗效。方法：对腹膜后血肿106例分型、诊断及治疗进行了回顾性分析。结果：腹膜后血肿无特异性症状和体征,可通过休克、腹穿、放射、超声波、尿路及血管造影等提高诊断,手术79例,非手术19例,死亡8例。结论：对腹膜后血肿的早期诊断及救治是提高生存率的关键。     

顶部跨上矢状窦硬膜外血肿的外科治疗策略探讨

目的:探讨顶部跨上矢状窦硬膜外血肿的诊断和外科治疗策略,提高其临床治疗效果。方法:回顾分析2002年1月～2011年10月我院收治的27例颅脑创伤后发生的跨上矢状窦硬膜外血肿病例的临床资料、手术方法,总结分析其治疗效果。结果:按GOS治疗结果评定,保守治疗的15例患者均恢复良好;开颅手术的12例患者中,7例恢复良好,1例中残,1例重残,1例植物生存,2例死亡。全组病人均经头颅X线或CT检查提示血肿区域有骨折或冠状缝或矢状缝分离,并经手术证实,其中伴有上矢状窦破裂2例。单纯骨折不伴有矢状窦损伤者手术效果较好,而伴有矢状窦撕裂者预后较差。结论:顶叶跨上矢状窦硬膜外血肿临床少见,病情变化快,正确掌握顶部跨上矢状窦硬膜外血肿的诊断和把握手术指征,有助于改善其预后。     

鼻内镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎54 例临床疗效分析

目的:研究鼻内镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎的疗效。方法:选取在2008年10月至2010年1月之间来本院进行手术治疗的慢性鼻窦炎患者54例,使用鼻内镜手术进行治疗,作为此次研究的治疗组;而同时选取在同一时期来到本院的38例患者,作为此次研究的对照组采用一般的鼻外径手术治疗。在手术结束以后每位患者均需随访1年,根据患者的恢复情况比较两种手术方法对鼻窦炎的疗效,以上手术方式均根据患者意愿。结果:使用鼻内镜手术进行治疗的患者中治愈的有31例,有效的有18例,而无效的则有5例,总的有效率为90.7%;而采用一般手术的患者中治愈的患者为17例,有效的患者为12例,无效的则有9例,其总的有效率为76.3%;且应用鼻内镜手术的治疗组的并发症发生率小于使用一般手术的对照组,两组患者疗效比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:鼻内镜手术治疗慢性鼻赛炎的疗效确切,安全可靠,值得广大医务工作者在临床上大力推广。     

功能性内窥镜鼻窦手术的手术配合

功能性内窥镜鼻窦手术是治疗慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的一种新的手术方式,该手术的特点是在彻底清除病变组织的基础上,尽可能保留鼻腔、鼻窦结构,通过重建鼻腔-鼻窦的通气、引流,改善和恢复鼻腔和鼻窦粘膜形态和生理功能[1].该手术方式具有术野清晰,术后反应轻,效果好等优点.我院从2002年1月至2003年8月,施行功能性内窥镜鼻窦手术130例,治疗效果显著,现将手术配合介绍如下.     

慢性粒细胞白血病耐药机制及治疗策略

慢性粒细胞白血病是一类造血干细胞的恶性克隆性疾病,ph染色体是其特征性细胞遗传学标志,即t(9;22)(q34;ql1),存在BCR/ABL融合基因,现阶段造血干细胞移植是当前最有希望治愈CML的疗法,但受年龄、配型等限制,易发生移植物抗宿主病;复发率较高;传统的化疗、干扰素治疗也有副作用,因此,通过信号传导抑制剂抑制BCR-ABL酪氨酸激酶活性,从而阻止一系列信号传导来治疗CML是一个比较好的治疗方法,伊马替尼是一种酪氨酸激酶抑制剂是治疗慢性粒细胞白血病的靶向治疗药物,治疗疗效显著,但是并不能根治慢性粒细胞白血病,需要长期服药,一些患者出现耐药,导致治疗无效或复发。因此,寻求新的治疗方案至关重要。本文就慢性粒细胞白血病的耐药机制及治疗策略做一综述。     

Antiplatelet/Anticoagulant Agents and Chronic Subdural Hematoma in the Elderly

Background and Purpose

In the last decade there has been an increasing use of antiplatelet/anticoagulant agents in the elderly. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between exposure to anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy and chronic subdural haematoma-CSDH.

Methods

Single institution case-control study involving 138786 patients older than 60 years who visited our academic tertiary care Emergency Department from January 1st 2001 to December 31st 2010. 345 patients with CSDH (cases) were identified by review of ICD-9 codes 432.1 and 852.2x. Case and controls were matched with a 1∶3 ratio for gender, age (±5 years), year of admission and recent trauma. A conditional logistic model was built. A stratified analysis was performed with respect to the presence (842 patients) or absence (536 patients) of recent trauma.

Results

There were 345 cases and 1035 controls. Both anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents were associated with an increased risk of CSDH with an OR of 2.46 (CI 95% 1.66–3.64) and 1.42 (CI 95% 1.07–1.89), respectively. OR was 2.70 (CI 95% 1.75–4.15), 1.90 (CI 95% 1.13–3.20), and 1.37(CI 95% 0.99–1.90) for patients receiving oral anticoagulants, ADP-antagonists, or Cox-inhibitors, respectively. History of recent trauma was an effect modifier of the association between anticoagulants and CSDH, with an OR 1.71 (CI 95% 0.99–2.96) for patients with history of trauma and 4.30 (CI 95% 2.23–8.32) for patients without history of trauma.

Conclusions

Anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy have a significant association with an increased risk of CSDH. This association, for patients under anticoagulant therapy, appears even stronger in those patients who develop a CSDH in the absence of a recent trauma.     

Burr Hole Washout versus Craniotomy for Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Patient Outcome and Cost Analysis

Chronic subdural hematomas (CSDH), which are frequently encountered in neurosurgical practice, are, in the majority of cases, ideally treated with surgical drainage. Despite this common practice, there is still controversy surrounding the best surgical procedure. With lack of clear evidence of a superior technique, surgeons are free to base the decision on other factors that are not related to patient care. A retrospective chart review of 119 patients requiring surgical drainage of CSDH was conducted at a large tertiary care center over a three-year period. Of the cases reviewed, 58 patients underwent craniotomy, while 61 patients underwent burr hole washout. The study focused on re-operation rates, mortality, and morbidity, as measured by Glasgow coma scores (GCS), discharge Rankin disability scores, and discharge disposition. Secondary endpoints included length of stay and cost of procedure. Burr hole washout was superior to craniotomy with respect to patient outcome, length of stay and recurrence rates. In both study groups, patients required additional surgical procedures (6.6% of burr hole patients and 24.1% of craniotomy patients) (P = 0.0156). Of the patients treated with craniotomy, 51.7% were discharged home, whereas 65.6% of the burr hole patients were discharged home. Patients who underwent burr hole washout spent a mean of 78.8 minutes in the operating suite while the patients undergoing craniotomy spent 129.4 minutes (P < 0.001). The difference in mean cost per patient, based solely on operating time, was $2,828 (P < 0.001). This does not include the further cost due to additional procedures and hospital stay. The mean length of stay after surgical intervention was 3 days longer for the craniotomy group (P = 0.0465). Based on this retrospective study, burr hole washout is superior for both patients’ clinical and financial outcome; however, prospective long-term multicenter clinical studies are required to verify these findings.     

Risk Factors in Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Comparison of Irrigation with Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid and Normal Saline in a Cohort Analysis

Background

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is known to have a substantial recurrence rate. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACF) is an effective irrigation solution in general open craniotomy and endoneurosurgery, but no evidence of its use in burr-hole surgery exists.

Objective

To identify the potential of ACF irrigation to prevent CSDH recurrence. More specifically, to investigate the perioperative and intraoperative prognostic factors, and to identify controllable ones.

Methods

To examine various prognostic factors, 120 consecutive patients with unilateral CSDH treated with burr-hole drainage between September 2007 and March 2013 were analyzed. Intraoperative irrigation was performed with one of two irrigation solutions: normal saline (NS; n = 60) or ACF (n = 60). All patients were followed-up for at least 6 months postoperatively. We also examined the morphological alternations of the hematoma outer membranes after incubation with different solutions.

Results

Eleven patients (9.2%) had recurrence. Nine patients (15%) required additional surgery in the NS group, whereas only 2 patients (3.3%) in the ACF group required additional surgery. Among preoperative and intraoperative data, age (<80 years old, P = .044), thrombocyte (>22.0, P = .037), laterality (right, P = .03), and irrigation solution (ACF, P = .027) were related to smaller recurrence rates by log-rank tests. Only the type of irrigation solution used significantly correlated with recurrence in favor of ACF in both Cox proportional hazards (relative hazard: 0.20, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04–0.99; P = .049) and logistic regression models (odds ratio, 0.17, 95% CI: 0.03–0.92; P = .04) using these factors. Histological examinations of the hematoma membranes showed that the membranes incubated with NS were loose and infiltrated by inflammatory cells compared with those incubated with ACF.

Conclusion

Irrigation with ACF decreased the rate of CSDH recurrence.     

腕部尺管综合征的手术治疗

目的:探讨腕部尺管综合征的手术治疗的临床疗效.方法:对16例腕部尺管综合征患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,术后16例随访3-24月.结果:尺神经功能恢复优良率93%.结论:正确了解尺管解剖与分型的关系,结合病史及体征明确诊断,一旦确诊应尽早手术治疗以利患者康复.