具有时滞的北美鹑增长模型的振动性和全局吸引性

本文研究了离散Ｂｏｂｗｈｉｔｅ Ｑｕａｉｌ模型的振动性和全局吸引性．获得了该方程的一切解关于正平衡常数Ｎ＝振动的充分条件以及其所有正解趋近于正平衡常数Ｎ的充分条件．     

农业生态经济系统的能值分析

农业生态经济系统的能值分析蓝盛芳,陈飞鹏,刘新茂（华南农业大学生物系,广州５１０６４２）本文探讨能值（Ｅｍｅｒｇｙ）分析理论和方法在农业生态经济系统研究中的应用,同以往的农业能量分析加以比较,说明其特点和重大进步意义。能值是美国著名生态学家Ｈ．Ｔ．Ｏ...     

旅游生态系统能值研究进展

能值分析是以能值为基准,通过能值转换率,有效测度与评价生态系统及经济系统中不同类型的物质流、能量流、货币流及其相互关系的方法。旅游生态系统是特殊类型的人地关系地域系统,是以旅游活动为中心的"自然、经济、社会、旅游"复合系统,利用能值方法进行旅游能值研究可以为旅游可持续发展提供科学建议。通过对国内外相关研究重要文献的梳理,从旅游能值研究尺度与类型角度,分析了国内外相关研究进展,并通过与农业、工业系统的能值研究对比分析,目前研究在理论推进、要素选择、指标构建、方法集成等4个方面,旅游生态系统能值研究存在特殊性,并从理论、方法、内容等3个角度,提出了今后旅游能值研究的方向,以期推动旅游系统能值研究的深入。     

极端嗜酸性专性化能自养硫细菌有机质代谢的研究进展

极端嗜酸性专性化能自养硫细菌具有独特的生理特性, 在农业、细菌冶金、含硫废水处理以及环境保护等方面发挥着重要作用, 但这类细菌在其特殊能源缺乏时不能代谢有机质, 生长缓慢, 代时长, 细胞得率低, 限制了它在实际生产中的应用效率。对其进行遗传改造, 构建能够利用有机质快速生长的基因工程菌, 将为这类细菌的工业化应用提供一条可行的途径。主要对极端嗜酸性专性化能自养硫细菌有机质代谢的研究进展进行了综述, 其中包括有机化合物的抑制作用、有机化合物的有限利用、中心代谢途径及物质的转运等, 还包括专性化能自养硫细菌有机质代谢遗传改造研究的最新进展。     

奥妥能治疗肺癌性出血疗效观察

咯血为肺癌常见的合并症。 1 996年 3月至2 0 0 1年 3月我们治疗了肺癌性出血 66例 ,应用奥妥能和止血敏作治疗对比研究。现将结果总结报告如下。1　临床资料1 .1　一般资料　经 CT、胸片和组织细胞学检查证实为原发性支气管肺癌 (简称为肺癌 ) ,血小板计数值 (1 0～ 3 0 )× 1 0 9/ L,出凝血时间正常 ,出血情况以痰中带血及少量咯血 (<1 0 0 ml/ 2 4h)为主 ,共 66例 ,其中男 46例 ,女 2 0例 ,年龄最小 3 2岁 ,最大 80岁 ,平均 5 7.6岁。随机分为二组即奥妥能治疗组 3 4例和止血敏对照组 3 2例。1 .2　治疗方法　治疗组 :痰中带血者 ,给予…     

棉田捕食性瓢虫控害功能的分析

在系统调查棉田捕食性飘虫种数量动态的基础上,应用生态能学的方法,分析并比较了不同插种期、套间作等农业措施对棉田捕食性飘虫控害虫功能的影响。结果表明,不同类型棉田飘虫对害虫的摄入量为26．45－70kJ.m^-2,分别占整个捕食性在天敌摄入量的28．30％－47．88％,是棉田捕食性天敌的优势种类;不同类型棉田飘虫对棉蚜的控害系数为5．07％－12．85％,并随着棉花播种期的推后和间套作呈现出下降趋势,它们在棉田生态系统害虫生态调控中发挥着重要作用。     

多种捕食性天敌控制麦蚜当量系统研究

通过饲养,明确了麦蚜主要天敌食蚜蝇类、瓢虫娄、草蛉类、蜘蛛类之中8种幼虫和6种成虫(蛛)的取食量。经校正当量系数模式等统计．建立了上述天敌控制麦蚜的当量系统。实例表明,该系统能准确测定复合天敌的控蚜效果,为促进麦蚜综合治理进展提供了一条依据。     

城市可持续发展能力的能值评价新指标

能值理论、方法克服了传统能量与经济分析方法的诸多缺憾,为城市可持续发展的研究提供了全新的视角。但作为一种新兴的理论,其评价指标,尤其是针对城市可持续发展能力的综合评价指标尚不完善。从生态经济效益及环境影响的全面表达角度,剖析了国际现行可持续发展能值指标(ESI)的不足之处,并在此基础上拓展构建了新的可持续发展能值指标(EISD)。以珠江三角洲中山市1996～2000年的发展动态为例进行了案例研究。结果表明,新拓展的可持续发展能值指标．在系统效益评价中考虑了系统能值产出的实际经济效果,在环境影响评价中同时考虑了系统的消耗影响和排放影响,可以更全面明晰的评价城市系统的可持续发展能力、状态及其成因,为系统的优化指明方向。     

天祝县生态经济系统的能值分析

能值理论为生态经济系统结构和功能的研究提供了一种新的理论和分析方法。本文对甘肃省天祝县生态经济系统进行了能值分析,通过计算天祝县总的能值用量、能值货币比率、能值自给率、人均能值用量、能值密度等指标,定量描述了天祝县生态经济格局和发展状况的总体特征,并与其他国家和地区进行了比较。结果表明:天祝县2008年总的能值用量为2.38×1021sej,人均能值用量只有1.03×1015sej,远远低于其他国家或地区;能值自给率达88.87%,而能值货币比率为3.41×1013sej.$-1,二者均高于国内沿海经济发达的省份。说明天祝县的经济发展是建立在本地资源过度依赖和高强度的利用基础之上,生态经济系统是一封闭的、不具活力的、不可持续的系统。据此提出了一系列促进区域可持续发展措施和建议。     

中国蚕桑生态系统能值分析

蚕桑生态系统是我国农业生态系统的重要组成部分.本文采用能值评估原理和方法,系统研究了中国蚕桑生态系统的内部结构及其与外界自然、环境、经济之间的关系,定量计算了反映中国蚕桑生态系统的能值指标,并与中国农业生态系统相比较.结果表明,中国蚕桑生态系统能值投入率(EIR)为3.78,能值产出率(EYR)为4.68,环境负载率(ELR)为0.18,系统能值可持续指标(ESI)为26.0,表明中国蚕桑生态系统环境压力小,生态效益良好,但需进一步提升科技水平,以降低劳动力投入,促进蚕桑资源综合利用.     

Nodal dynamics, not degree distributions, determine the structural controllability of complex networks

Structural controllability has been proposed as an analytical framework for making predictions regarding the control of complex networks across myriad disciplines in the physical and life sciences (Liu et al., Nature:473(7346):167-173, 2011). Although the integration of control theory and network analysis is important, we argue that the application of the structural controllability framework to most if not all real-world networks leads to the conclusion that a single control input, applied to the power dominating set, is all that is needed for structural controllability. This result is consistent with the well-known fact that controllability and its dual observability are generic properties of systems. We argue that more important than issues of structural controllability are the questions of whether a system is almost uncontrollable, whether it is almost unobservable, and whether it possesses almost pole-zero cancellations.     

Structural Properties of Gene Regulatory Networks: Definitions and Connections

The study of gene regulatory networks is a significant problem in systems biology. Of particular interest is the problem of determining the unknown or hidden higher level regulatory signals by using gene expression data from DNA microarray experiments. Several studies in this area have demonstrated the critical aspect of the network structure in tackling the network modelling problem. Structural analysis of systems has proved useful in a number of contexts, viz., observability, controllability, fault diagnosis, sparse matrix computations etc. In this contribution, we formally define structural properties that are relevant to Gene Regulatory Networks. We explore the structural implications of certain quantitative methods and explain completely the connections between the identifiability conditions and structural criteria of observability and distinguishability. We illustrate these concepts in case studies using representative biologically motivated network examples. The present work bridges the quantitative modelling methods with those based on the structural analysis.     

Stability,controllability and observability of arterial circulation

Stability, controllability and observability factors of the arterial circulatory system are determined with respect to a non-linearised model of the circulation process. It is found that the circulatory system is stable as well as completely controllable and also observable.     

Equilibrium, observability and controllability in selection-mutation models

In this paper we shortly discuss the problem of the equilibrium in the well-known Fisher type selection-mutation model, also providing a formula for particular three-allele models. The considered continuous-time dynamics is a known extension of the classical model of natural selection given by Fisher. We also extend the existing investigation of the observability of Fisher's model to the case when another evolutionary factor, mutation is also present. Moreover, we prove a result of technical character, which makes it possible to apply the methodology of nonlinear systems with invariant manifold, to models of artificial selection. For an illustration, a class of three-allele systems is presented in which the controllability into equilibrium is guaranteed without any condition on the biological parameters.     

Equilibrium control of nonlinear verticum-type systems,applied to integrated pest control

Linear verticum-type control and observation systems have been introduced for modelling certain industrial systems, consisting of subsystems, vertically connected by certain state variables. Recently the concept of verticum-type observation systems and the corresponding observability condition have been extended by the authors to the nonlinear case. In the present paper the general concept of a nonlinear verticum-type control system is introduced, and a sufficient condition for local controllability to equilibrium is obtained. In addition to a usual linearization, the basic idea is a decomposition of the control of the whole system into the control of the subsystems. Starting from the integrated pest control model of Rafikov and Limeira (2012) and Rafikov et al. (2012), a nonlinear verticum-type model has been set up an equilibrium control is obtained. Furthermore, a corresponding bioeconomical problem is solved minimizing the total cost of integrated pest control (combining chemical control with a biological one).     

Structural identifiability for a class of non-linear compartmental systems using linear/non-linear splitting and symbolic computation

Under certain controllability and observability restrictions, two different parameterisations for a non-linear compartmental model can only have the same input-output behaviour if they differ by a locally diffeomorphic change of basis for the state space. With further restrictions, it is possible to gain valuable information with respect to identifiability via a linear analysis. Examples are presented where non-linear identifiability analyses are substantially simplified by means of an initial linear analysis. For complex models, with four or more compartments, this linear analysis can prove lengthy to perform by hand and so symbolic computation has been employed to aid this procedure.     

Similarity transformation approach to identifiability analysis of nonlinear compartmental models

Through use of the local state isomorphism theorem instead of the algebraic equivalence theorem of linear systems theory, the similarity transformation approach is extended to nonlinear models, resulting in finitely verifiable sufficient and necessary conditions for global and local identifiability. The approach requires testing of certain controllability and observability conditions, but in many practical examples these conditions prove very easy to verify. In principle the method also involves nonlinear state variable transformations, but in all of the examples presented in the paper the transformations turn out to be linear. The method is applied to an unidentifiable nonlinear model and a locally identifiable nonlinear model, and these are the first nonlinear models other than bilinear models where the reason for lack of global identifiability is nontrivial. The method is also applied to two models with Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics, both of considerable importance in pharmacokinetics, and for both of which the complicated nature of the algebraic equations arising from the Taylor series approach has hitherto defeated attempts to establish identifiability results for specific input functions.     

Monitoring of trophic chains

In the paper simple trophic chains of the type resource-producer-primary consumer are considered. For an analysis of the dynamic state monitoring of this system, the concept of observability of mathematical systems theory is proposed. Using a linearization method of non-linear observation systems, biologically interpretable sufficient conditions are obtained to guarantee local observability. The latter means that based on the dynamic observation of a single component, the state of the whole system can be uniquely recovered, at least near a positive equilibrium.     

Controllability of selection-mutation systems

The well-known Fisher type selection-mutation model is studied from the point of view of mathematical systems theory. Mutation rates are considered as control functions. Based on a general sufficient condition for local controllability of non-linear systems with invariant manifold, a method is proposed to guarantee the controllability of the considered population into a polymorphic equilibrium.