Variations of plant functional traits and adaptive strategy of woody species in a karst forest of central Guizhou Province,southwestern China

性状变异反映了植物的生活史对策。该研究以贵州普定县天龙山10种木本植物为对象, 通过分析枝叶和根系9个功能性状的种间与种内变异, 揭示植物对喀斯特生境的适应策略。结果表明: (1) 9个性状变异程度不同, 细根组织密度的种间和种内变异系数最大, 分别达96.47%和51.44%, 小枝干物质含量的种间与种内变异最小, 分别为11.67%和6.83%。(2)种间水平的细根组织密度在不同物种中没有显著的差异, 比根长、叶厚度、叶面积、比叶面积、叶干物质含量、叶组织密度、小枝干物质含量和小枝组织密度均表现出显著的差异。在种内, 比叶面积差异显著, 其他性状差异不显著。(3)绝大多数叶和枝性状间显著相关, 比根长与比叶面积显著负相关, 其他根系性状与枝叶性状相关性不显著。总之, 与同纬度非喀斯特地区植物相比, 普定喀斯特地区植物具有较小的叶面积和比根长度, 较大的叶干物质含量、叶组织密度等一系列有利于减小蒸腾和储存养分的功能性状组合, 这可能是其适应干旱贫瘠的喀斯特环境的主要生态策略。     

黔中喀斯特木本植物功能性状变异及其适应策略

性状变异反映了植物的生活史对策。该研究以贵州普定县天龙山10种木本植物为对象, 通过分析枝叶和根系9个功能性状的种间与种内变异, 揭示植物对喀斯特生境的适应策略。结果表明: (1) 9个性状变异程度不同, 细根组织密度的种间和种内变异系数最大, 分别达96.47%和51.44%, 小枝干物质含量的种间与种内变异最小, 分别为11.67%和6.83%。(2)种间水平的细根组织密度在不同物种中没有显著的差异, 比根长、叶厚度、叶面积、比叶面积、叶干物质含量、叶组织密度、小枝干物质含量和小枝组织密度均表现出显著的差异。在种内, 比叶面积差异显著, 其他性状差异不显著。(3)绝大多数叶和枝性状间显著相关, 比根长与比叶面积显著负相关, 其他根系性状与枝叶性状相关性不显著。总之, 与同纬度非喀斯特地区植物相比, 普定喀斯特地区植物具有较小的叶面积和比根长度, 较大的叶干物质含量、叶组织密度等一系列有利于减小蒸腾和储存养分的功能性状组合, 这可能是其适应干旱贫瘠的喀斯特环境的主要生态策略。     

茂兰喀斯特森林不同演替阶段植物叶片功能性状与土壤因子的关系

植物如何改变功能性状来适应环境一直是生态学的研究征点。为探究茂兰喀斯特森林不同演替阶段植物叶片的适应策略，该文以茂兰自然保护区5个不同演替阶段(草本、灌木、灌乔、乔木和顶极群落阶段)优势种为研究对象，测定不同演替阶段的优势植物叶片功能性状与土壤理化性质。结果表明：(1)随着植被正向演替的进行，土壤全氮(STN)含量、土壤有机质(SOM)含量、土壤含水量(SWC)逐渐增加，土壤全磷(STP)含量和土壤全钾(STK)含量先增加后减少，土壤pH值整体呈减小的趋势。(2)随着植被演替的进行，叶面积(LA)、叶干物质含量(LDMC)、叶厚度(LT)和叶片碳含量(LCC)逐渐上升，比叶面积(SLA)与叶片钾含量(LKC)则与之相反，叶片氮含量(LNC)呈先升后降的趋势，叶片磷含量(LPC)呈先降后升的趋势。(3)冗余分析表明，演替初期植物主要分布在土壤pH值高而STK、STP、SWC、SOM、STN相对低的环境中，群落内植物叶片采取高SLA、LNC、LPC,低LA、LDMC、LT、LWC的性状组合，演替晚期植物主要分布在土壤水分和养分含量较高的环境，LDMC、LT、LA、LWC与演替初期相比呈上升...     

喀斯特森林不同演替阶段植物群落物种多样性、功能性状、化学计量及其关联

探讨森林植物群落物种多样性、功能性状与化学计量特征及其内在关联,有助于构建结构-性状-功能的研究脉络,深入理解生态系统的过程与功能,为群落结构优化配置和调控提供科学依据。以贵州喀斯特高原峡谷区森林草灌、灌木、灌乔和乔木4个演替阶段的植物群落为对象,通过群落学调查和植物功能性状、生态化学计量测度,研究其物种多样性、功能性状和化学计量特征及其互作关系。结果表明:(1)乔木阶段的Shannon-Wiener指数与Pielou均匀度指数均为最高,依次达8.62、2.41,表明伴随着群落演替,物种分布的均匀程度增加。(2)植物群落物种多样性指数之间仅Margalef丰富度指数与Simpson优势度指数未呈显著相关(-0.644),其余均为显著或极显著相关关系,表明物种多样性指数之间存在较强的促进或抑制作用。(3)叶片厚度与其余指标,以及群落物种多样性指数与功能性状、化学计量之间均未呈显著相关,比叶面积(SLA)仅与土壤N∶P呈显著正相关(0.742),表明群落物种多样性、功能性状和生态化学计量特征之间的相关性较弱。(4)SLA为灌木阶段的272.13 cm2/g为最大,δ13C值在演替后期略高,草灌、灌木阶段倾向于受N、P共同限制,说明随演替进展,植物的适应策略和资源利用对策等均发生了一定的调整,表明植物和环境之间存在较强的协变关系。(5)该区森林培育时,应构建完整的乔木、灌木和草本层片,提高生态系统对养分矿化、转化和循环等的自调控能力。     

Size‐dependent and environment‐mediated shifts in leaf traits of a deciduous tree species in a subtropical forest

AimsUnderstanding the joint effects of plant development and environment on shifts of intraspecific leaf traits will advance the understandings of the causes of intraspecific trait variation. We address this question by focusing on a widespread species Clausena dunniana in a subtropical broad‐leaved forest.MethodsWe sampled 262 individuals of C. dunniana at two major topographic habitat types, the slope and hilltop, within the karst forests in Maolan Nature Reserve in southwestern China. We measured individual plant level leaf traits (i.e., specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area, leaf dry‐matter content (LDMC), and leaf thickness) that are associated with plant resource‐use strategies. We adopted a linear mixed‐effects model in which the plant size (i.e., the first principal component of plant basal diameter and plant height) and environmental factors (i.e., topographic habitat, canopy height, and rock‐bareness) were used as independent variables, to estimate their influences on the shifts of leaf traits.Key ResultsWe found that (1) plant size and the environmental factors independently drove the intraspecific leaf trait shifts of C. dunniana, of which plant size explained less variances than environmental factors. (2) With increasing plant size, C. dunniana individuals had increasingly smaller SLA but larger sized leaves. (3) The most influential environmental factor was topographic habitat; it drove the shifts of all the four traits examined. Clausena dunniana individuals on hilltops had leaf traits representing more conservative resource‐use strategies (e.g., smaller SLA, higher LDMC) than individuals on slopes. On top of that, local‐scale environmental factors further modified leaf trait shifts.ConclusionsPlant size and environment independently shaped the variations in intraspecific leaf traits of C. dunniana in the subtropical karst forest of Maolan. Compared with plant size, the environment played a more critical role in shaping intraspecific leaf trait variations, and potentially also the underlying individual‐level plant resource‐use strategies.     

海岛植物不同演替阶段植物功能性状与环境因子的变化规律

植物功能性状与环境之间的关系是功能性状研究的重点,环境因子驱使植物功能性状发生变化,进而推动群落发生演替。以平潭岛4个不同演替阶段的森林植被(灌草丛、针叶林、针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林)为研究对象,结合不同群落演替阶段的物种特征和群落结构,分析海岛不同演替阶段茎、叶功能性状的变化规律,以及功能性状与环境因子的关系。结果表明:(1)随着演替的进行,土壤养分和水分逐渐增加,土壤pH逐渐下降。比叶面积(SLA)、叶片氮含量(LNC)、叶片磷含量(LPC)、茎氮含量(SNC)、茎磷含量(SPC)下降后上升,叶厚度(LT)、叶片碳含量(LCC)、茎碳含量(SCC)与之相反,叶干物质含量(LDMC)、茎组织密度(STD)逐渐上升。(2)冗余分析表明,演替早期植物主要分布在土壤pH、容重高的贫瘠环境,拥有较高SLA、SNC、SPC、LPC的性状组合;演替后期植物主要分布在土壤养分和水分高的肥沃环境,拥有较高的STD、LDMC、LCC、LNC的性状组合。其中,土壤有机质和全氮含量是影响海岛植物演替过程中功能性状变化的关键环境因子。研究海岛植物功能性状与环境之间的关系随演替的变化规律,探讨各演替阶段功能性状和环境特征,以及功能性状如何响应环境变化。旨在为今后选择合适的树种进行海岛植被修复和重建提供依据。     

Differences in functional traits among distinct populations of the plant invader Bunias orientalis

入侵植物疣果匙荠不同种群间的功能性状差异 特定环境下植物扩大领域入侵到其他区域时,其功能性状会发生改变。原产地环境已形成植物原有功能性状,当植物居住环境发生改变时,其功能性状亦会随之改变。本文旨在探讨居于常见条件与原产地气候条件的原状态、入侵状态、归化状态下不同疣果匙荠(Bunias orientalis)种群间的性状变异。自8个国家收集了12种疣果匙荠种子(每种状态各4种),将其种植于标准条件下的同质园中,并比较不同状态不同种类的物候、生长、繁殖等功能性状变化。 研究结果表明, 物候不因植物状态而异,但某些原产于常年低温地区的原状态植物并未开花。相比原状态植物,入侵状态植物的叶子更多,这表明了其在积累植被生物量上的活力。短角果的数量和质量,以及其他的生长性状在不同的状态间没有差异,但在不同种群间存在差异。一些功能性状的变异可能是由于原生地对当地条件的长期适应和遗传多样性所致,而其他环境因素在新环境下的差异可能导致了较高的性状变异。     

海南岛霸王岭热带云雾林木本植物功能性状的分异规律

研究植物功能性状的分异,有助于理解植物适应环境的方式和策略,也能为预测物种分布和环境变化提供依据。以海南霸王岭热带云雾林为对象,建立21个20 m×20 m固定样方,划分为336个5 m×5 m小样方;测定胸径在5cm以上所有乔灌木植物个体的功能性状(叶面积LA;叶干重LDW;比叶重LMA;叶绿素含量Chl;叶厚度LTh;木材密度WD)和土壤养分含量,通过方差分解分析植物功能性状在个体、种内、种间、群落水平的分异大小,探究土壤养分对功能性状分异的影响。结果表明,LA、LDW、LMA、CHl、LTh、WD在个体、种内、种间、群落水平的解释方差范围分别为0.06—0.47、0.09—0.35、0.35—0.72、0—0.07,在个体、种内、种间、群落层次上,种间水平的功能性状分异最大,而群落水平的分异最小。逐步回归分析表明,不同尺度的功能性状变化与土壤有机质、氮和磷含量都有密切关系。     

Stoichiometric traits (N:P) of understory plants contribute to reductions in plant diversity following long‐term nitrogen addition in subtropical forest

Nitrogen enrichment is pervasive in forest ecosystems, but its influence on understory plant communities and their stoichiometric characteristics is poorly understood. We hypothesize that when forest is enriched with nitrogen (N), the stoichiometric characteristics of plant species explain changes in understory plant diversity. A 13‐year field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of N addition on foliar carbon (C): N: phosphorus (P) stoichiometry, understory plant species richness, and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) in a subtropical Chinese fir forest. Four levels of N addition were applied: 0, 6, 12, and 24 g m⁻² year⁻¹. Individual plant species were categorized into resistant plants, intermediate resistant plants, and sensitive plants based on their response to nitrogen addition. Results showed that N addition significantly decreased the number of species, genera, and families of herbaceous plants. Foliar N:P ratios were greater in sensitive plants than resistant or intermediate resistant plants, while iWUE showed an opposite trend. However, no relationship was detected between soil available N and foliar N, and soil N:P and foliar N:P ratios. Our results indicated that long‐term N addition decreased the diversity of understory plants in a subtropical forest. Through regulating water use efficiency with N addition, sensitive plants change their N:P stoichiometry and have a higher risk of mortality, while resistant plants maintain a stable N:P stoichiometry, which contributes to their survival. These findings suggest that plant N:P stoichiometry plays an important role in understory plant performance in response to environmental change of N.     

桂林岩溶石山青冈群落主要木本植物功能性状变异与关联

研究植物功能性状变异以及不同性状之间的关系, 有助于了解植物对环境的适应策略, 对揭示群落构建和生物多样性维持机制具有重要意义。本研究以桂林岩溶石山青冈群落18种主要木本植物为研究对象, 采用单因素方差分析、混合线性模型以及Pearson相关分析和主成分分析等方法探讨了不同生长型和生活型物种的9个枝、叶功能性状(叶绿素含量、叶片厚度、叶面积、叶干质量、比叶面积、叶干物质含量、叶组织密度、小枝干物质含量和小枝组织密度)的变异与关联。结果表明: (1) 9个功能性状的变异程度不同, 叶面积和叶干质量的种内和种间变异系数最大, 小枝干物质含量和小枝组织密度的种内和种间变异系数最小。(2)在生长型水平上, 乔木、灌木和木质藤本的绝大部分功能性状差异显著。(3)对于不同生活型植物, 除叶面积和比叶面积为落叶植物显著大于常绿植物外, 其余7个功能性状皆为常绿植物显著大于落叶植物。(4)不同生长型和生活型植物功能性状的种内和种间变异大小存在差异, 除部分植物功能性状在一些功能型上表现为种内变异高于种间变异, 其余功能性状的种间变异皆高于种内变异。(5)各功能性状之间关系在个体水平和物种水平大致相同, 但是个体水平上的显著相关比例高于物种水平。研究发现, 植物功能性状的种间变异基本高于种内变异, 但种内变异不容忽略。此外, 不同生长型和生活型物种采取不同的生态策略来适应喀斯特生境。今后的研究应基于个体水平采样并结合环境因子从生长型和生活型等不同功能型角度上深入探究植物功能性状在种内和种间等不同尺度上的变异与关联。     

Temporal variation and its drivers in the elemental traits of four boreal plant species

4种北方植物元素性状的时间变化及其驱动因素 植物种内性状的变异对个体适合度和草食动物的觅食有重要影响。对于植物来说,在空间维度上的性状变异已经得到了很好的证明。然而,对性状变异的时间维度仍知之甚少,但其可能受生长度日、温度和降水季节差异的影响。本研究的目的是量化4种常见的北方植物物种性状的种内时间变异及其变异的驱动因素。我们对4种常见树种的叶片进行了为期两年的元素和化学计量性状采样(%C, %N, %P, C:N, C:P, N:P)。本研究分两个步骤进行,首先将广义线性模型(GzLM, n = 24)与我们研究的物种的元素和化学计量性状拟合,以测试它们是否随年份而变化。当我们获得时间变异性的证据时,我们拟合第二组GzLMs (n = 8),将温度、生产力和湿度作为解释变量。研究结果显示,除了两个例外,4种北方植物的大部分元素和化学计量性状都没有时间变异性。年份是所有4种植物的碳百分比(R² = 0.47–0.67)以及香脂冷杉(Abies balsamea)中多种元素和化学计量性状(5/8, R² = 0.29–0.67)的重要预测因子。因此,碳百分比的变化与年际差异有关,而与限制北方森林养分的氮和磷关系更大。这些研究结果还表明,由于生活史的差异,针叶树的化学计量比落叶植物的化学计量的年际差异更大。生长度日是第二轮模型中最频繁出现的变量(8/8 次,R² = 0.21–0.41),表明温度是这些性状时间变异的重要驱动因素。     

Revisiting the Holy Grail: using plant functional traits to understand ecological processes

One of ecology's grand challenges is developing general rules to explain and predict highly complex systems. Understanding and predicting ecological processes from species' traits has been considered a ‘Holy Grail’ in ecology. Plant functional traits are increasingly being used to develop mechanistic models that can predict how ecological communities will respond to abiotic and biotic perturbations and how species will affect ecosystem function and services in a rapidly changing world; however, significant challenges remain. In this review, we highlight recent work and outstanding questions in three areas: (i) selecting relevant traits; (ii) describing intraspecific trait variation and incorporating this variation into models; and (iii) scaling trait data to community‐ and ecosystem‐level processes. Over the past decade, there have been significant advances in the characterization of plant strategies based on traits and trait relationships, and the integration of traits into multivariate indices and models of community and ecosystem function. However, the utility of trait‐based approaches in ecology will benefit from efforts that demonstrate how these traits and indices influence organismal, community, and ecosystem processes across vegetation types, which may be achieved through meta‐analysis and enhancement of trait databases. Additionally, intraspecific trait variation and species interactions need to be incorporated into predictive models using tools such as Bayesian hierarchical modelling. Finally, existing models linking traits to community and ecosystem processes need to be empirically tested for their applicability to be realized.     

A global meta‐analysis of the relative extent of intraspecific trait variation in plant communities

Recent studies have shown that accounting for intraspecific trait variation (ITV) may better address major questions in community ecology. However, a general picture of the relative extent of ITV compared to interspecific trait variation in plant communities is still missing. Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis of the relative extent of ITV within and among plant communities worldwide, using a data set encompassing 629 communities (plots) and 36 functional traits. Overall, ITV accounted for 25% of the total trait variation within communities and 32% of the total trait variation among communities on average. The relative extent of ITV tended to be greater for whole‐plant (e.g. plant height) vs. organ‐level traits and for leaf chemical (e.g. leaf N and P concentration) vs. leaf morphological (e.g. leaf area and thickness) traits. The relative amount of ITV decreased with increasing species richness and spatial extent, but did not vary with plant growth form or climate. These results highlight global patterns in the relative importance of ITV in plant communities, providing practical guidelines for when researchers should include ITV in trait‐based community and ecosystem studies.     

Exploring the generality of associations between plant functional traits: evidence within ecological groups along an altitudinal gradient in Hyrcanian forest

We hypothesized that associations among plant functional traits may differ within different ecological assemblages and plant communities. Association among plant traits including plant maximum height, seed weight, fruit type, pollination mode, mean leaf area, and leaf type were explored within life forms, plant strategy groups along with lowland and montane forest vegetation. In total, 83 sampling plots of 400 m² were placed along a 2400 m altitudinal gradient in Hyrcanian forest. Importance‐values of species within vegetation types were used for weighting data and trait associations were explored using categorical principal component analysis. A G‐test and Fisher's exact test of independence were used to retest significance of the correlations. Different paired trait associations (association lines) including height–leaf, height–seed, height–pollination, leaf–seed, seed–fruit and fruit–pollination were observed and their ecological or physiological basis was discussed. Life forms, strategy types and vegetation types differed based on association lines. Some of the well‐known trade‐offs appear by increasing scale from ecological groups to vegetation types in Hyrcanian forest. The observed patterns of trait associations in Hyrcanian forest and several other ecosystems of the world call the generality of previously accepted trait correlations into question.     

Concentrations and resorption patterns of 13 nutrients in different plant functional types in the karst region of south-western China

Background and Aims

Elucidating the stoichiometry and resorption patterns of multiple nutrients is an essential requirement for a holistic understanding of plant nutrition and biogeochemical cycling. However, most studies have focused on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and largely ignored other nutrients. The current study aimed to determine relationships between resorption patterns and leaf nutrient status for 13 nutrient elements in a karst vegetation region.

Methods

Plant and soil samples were collected from four vegetation types in the karst region of south-western China and divided into eight plant functional types. Samples of newly expanded and recently senesced leaves were analysed to determine concentrations of boron (B), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), N, sodium (Na), P, sulphur (S) and zinc (Zn).

Key Results

Nutrient concentrations of the karst plants were lower than those normally found in other regions of China and the rest of the world, and plant growth was mainly limited by P. Overall, four nutrients revealed resorption [N (resorption efficiency 34·6 %), P (48·4 %), K (63·2 %) and Mg (13·2 %)], seven nutrients [B (–16·1 %), Ca (–44·0 %), Cu (–14·5 %), Fe (–205·5 %), Mn (–72·5 %), Mo (–35·6 %) and Zn (–184·3 %)] showed accumulation in senesced leaves and two nutrients (Na and S) showed no resorption or accumulation. Resorption efficiencies of K and Mg and accumulation of B, Ca, Fe and Mn differed among plant functional types, and this strongly affected litter quality. Resorption efficiencies of N, P and K and accumulation of Ca and Zn increased with decreasing concentrations of these nutrients in green leaves. The N:P, N:K and N:Mg ratios in green leaves predicted resorption proficiency for N, K and Mg, respectively.

Conclusions

The results emphasize the fact that nutrient resorption patterns strongly depend on element and plant functional type, which provides new insights into plant nutrient use strategies and nutrient cycling in karst ecosystems.     

The traits of “trait ecologists”: An analysis of the use of trait and functional trait terminology

Trait and functional trait approaches have revolutionized ecology improving our understanding of community assembly, species coexistence, and biodiversity loss. Focusing on traits promotes comparability across spatial and organizational scales, but terms must be used consistently. While several papers have offered definitions, it remains unclear how ecologists operationalize “trait” and “functional trait” terms. Here, we evaluate how researchers and the published literatures use these terms and explore differences among subdisciplines and study systems (taxa and biome). By conducting both a survey and a literature review, we test the hypothesis that ecologists’ working definition of “trait” is adapted or altered when confronting the realities of collecting, analyzing and presenting data. From 486 survey responses and 712 reviewed papers, we identified inconsistencies in the understanding and use of terminology among researchers, but also limited inclusion of definitions within the published literature. Discrepancies were not explained by subdiscipline, system of study, or respondent characteristics, suggesting there could be an inconsistent understanding even among those working in related topics. Consistencies among survey responses included the use of morphological, phonological, and physiological traits. Previous studies have called for unification of terminology; yet, our study shows that proposed definitions are not consistently used or accepted. Sources of disagreement include trait heritability, defining and interpreting function, and dealing with organisms in which individuals are not clearly recognizable. We discuss and offer guidelines for overcoming these disagreements. The diversity of life on Earth means traits can represent different features that can be measured and reported in different ways, and thus, narrow definitions that work for one system will fail in others. We recommend ecologists embrace the breadth of biodiversity using a simplified definition of “trait” more consistent with its common use. Trait‐based approaches will be most powerful if we accept that traits are at least as diverse as trait ecologists.     

Joint control of plant ecological strategy by climate,regeneration mode, and ontogeny in Northeastern Chinese forests

1. Research on how plant ecological strategies (competitive, stress‐tolerant, or ruderal) vary within species may improve our understanding of plant and community responses to climate warming and also successional changes. With increasing temperature, the importance of ruderal (R) and stress tolerance (S) components is hypothesized to decrease, while the strength of the competitive (C) component should increase. Offshoots and younger plants are predicted to have greater R and smaller S components.
2. Leaf area, leaf dry matter content, and specific leaf area were measured for 1,344 forest plants belonging to 134 species in Liangshui and Fenglin Nature Reserves in Northeastern China, and C, R, and S scores calculated for each. Linear mixed effect models were used to assess how these indicators differed among study sites (n = 2), regeneration types, ontogenetic stages, and plant life forms. The two study sites have an average annual temperature difference of 0.675°C, simulating a temperature increase of 0.630°C due to climate warming.
3. Higher temperatures reduce low‐temperature stress and frost damage, which may explain the observed decrease in R and S scores; at the same time, plant competitive ability increased, as manifested by higher C scores. This effect was most pronounced for herbaceous plants, but nearly negligible as compared to the effect of regeneration type for trees and of ontogeny for woody species. Resprouting trees and younger woody plants had higher R scores and lower S scores, a sign of adaptation to high disturbance.
4. In this study, a small increase in mean annual temperature led to shifts in CSR strategy components for herbaceous species, without altering the vegetation type or community composition. Offshoots and younger plants had higher R and lower S scores, shedding light on similar changes in the ecological strategies of tree communities during secondary succession, such as the transition of Quercus mongolica coppices to forest and age‐related changes in Populus davidiana–Betula platyphylla forests.

     

桂林岩溶石山青冈群落植物功能性状的尺度变化与关联

研究植物功能性状在不同尺度的变异和关联,对于揭示植物对环境的适应策略和群落构建规律具有重要意义。以岩溶石山青冈群落为研究对象,测量了研究区内20个样方74种木本植物的叶面积、比叶面积和木材密度3个功能性状值,利用性状梯度分析法分析了3个性状在群落内部(α组分)及群落间(β组分)的变异格局及相关性。结果表明:(1)群落内3个植物功能性状的α值范围均大于β值范围,即物种相对于共生物种性状值的变化大于沿着群落平均性状梯度的变化。(2)植物功能性状比叶面积的种内差异引起的变化小于群落水平。(3)叶面积与比叶面积、比叶面积与木材密度、叶面积与木材密度的β组分相关性均最强,而α组分间无相关性或相关性较弱,即叶面积与比叶面积、比叶面积与木材密度、叶面积与木材密度两两性状间的相关性在群落间的依赖程度比群落内共生物种的依赖性要强,暗示物种在群落内和群落间采取不同的生态策略来适应环境。