云南省两栖动物一新纪录——合江棘蛙

2007年7月～2008年6月,在野外实习和资源调查过程中,于云南威信县与四川省交界的长安镇大雪山白鹤池林场及其附近区域采集到部分棘蛙成体和蝌蚪标本,经鉴定该批标本系合江棘蛙Paa robertingeri (田婉淑,江耀明,1986),为云南省两栖类新纪录(杨大同,1991;杨大同,饶定齐,2008).标本(YBU072025、YBU072042-44)保存在宜宾学院生命科学与食品工程系动物多样性及进化实验室.     

云南省两栖动物一新纪录——阔褶蛙

2008年3月13日,在云南省勐仑中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园(21°4′N,101°25′E,570 m)采集到一种蛙类标本,经鉴定为阔褶蛙Rana latouchii,为云南省新纪录.标本保存于西华师范大学生命科学学院标本室.简报如下.     

浙江省两栖动物新纪录——小棘蛙

摘要：2010年6月26日,在浙江省百山祖国家级自然保护区采得棘蛙属（Paa）标本2只,均为雄性,经鉴定为小棘蛙（P.exilispinosa）,为浙江省两栖类新纪录。     

棕点湍蛙皮肤分泌液中促胰岛素释放肽的分离纯化、基因克隆及活性分析

通过分离纯化棕点湍蛙(Amolops loloensis)皮肤分泌液中的生物活性物质,得到有促胰岛素释放活性的分离峰,并鉴定其结构.采用葡聚糖Sephadex G-50凝胶层析和反相高效液相(RP-HPLC)等手段对棕点湍蛙皮肤分泌液进行分离纯化,利用胰岛素释放实验进行活性检测,Edman降解法测定活性峰的氨基酸序列,反转录法构建cDNA文库并克隆其基因.得到一个具有显著的促胰岛素释放活性的十六肽,测得其氨基酸序列为:FMPIvGKsMSGLSGKL-NH2,命名为amolopin-1.由cDNA(开放阅读框为192bp)推导的氨基酸一级结构显示,其前体由64个氨基酸残基(aa)组成,包括高度保守的信号肽(22aa),酸性肽以及成熟肽.经过数据库序列比对,从棕点湍蛙皮肤中得到一个新的促胰岛素释放肽,进一步分析其作用机理和药代动力学,极有可能得到一个新的治疗糖尿病的降糖药物.     

云南高黎贡山发现僜湍蛙和察隅湍蛙

2021年4和5月及7和8月在云南省高黎贡山开展两栖爬行动物调查过程中,采集到无尾目（Anura）蛙科（Ranidae）湍蛙属（Amolops）标本8号,通过形态学与分子系统学鉴定为僜湍蛙（Amolops deng）和察隅湍蛙（A. chayuensis）,为云南省两栖动物分布新纪录种。僜湍蛙雌性体长63.1 ~ 68.5 mm（n = 3）,雄性体长49.3 ~ 52.9 mm（n = 3）,头长大于头宽,鼓膜明显且纵径大于横径,掌突三个,颞褶不显,背侧褶直达胯部,后肢前伸贴体时胫跗关节超过吻端,形态特征与模式标本基本一致;察隅湍蛙雄性体长44.7 ~ 44.8 mm（n = 2）,具咽侧下外声囊,颞褶及背侧褶明显,前后肢均具褐色条纹,形态特征与模式标本基本一致。基于线粒体16S rRNA基因和COI基因片段进行系统发育分析表明,僜湍蛙和察隅湍蛙均和其模式产地西藏的序列聚成单系支。此外,基于16S rRNA计算本次采集的标本与模式产地西藏的序列间遗传距离均较小,僜湍蛙是0.8% ~ 1.2%,察隅湍蛙是0.2%。综上,确定云南高黎贡山采集到的两种湍蛙分别是僜湍蛙和察隅湍蛙。僜湍蛙此前记录仅分布于西藏察隅县和墨脱县,察隅湍蛙仅分布于西藏察隅县和八宿县,僜湍蛙在福贡县和贡山县及察隅湍蛙在贡山县的分布为首次记录;本研究进一步更新了察隅湍蛙分布的海拔海拔范围,较此前纪录低1 385 m高至2 884 m,这提示其有更广阔的生态位。     

湍蛙亚科一新属--拟湍蛙属，兼论与近缘属的关系(两栖纲：蛙科)

对台湾产Ｒ．ｓａｕｔｅｒｉ（＝Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｒａｎａ ｓａｕｔｅｒｉ）和Ｒ．ｍｕｌｔｉｄｅｎｔｉｃｕｌａｔａ两个种和产于大陆的趾沟蛙属及其它近缘属物种进行了对比研究。由于台湾两个种的蝌蚪体腹面有吸盘,既不同于林蛙属Ｒａｎａ,也不同于趾沟蛙属Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｒａｎａ和水蛙属Ｈｙｌａｒａｎａ,而类似于湍蛙属Ａｍｏｌｏｐｓ的蝌蚪,但与后者的成体和蝌蚪又明显不同。因此,将上述台湾两个种从Ｒａｎａ中分出,建议定为     

贵州省两栖动物新纪录——宜章臭蛙及其系统发育分析

2015年5月至7月在贵州省梵净山国家级自然保护区采集到6号臭蛙标本,经鉴定为宜章臭蛙(Odorrana yizhangensis)(两栖纲,无尾目,蛙科),属贵州省两栖动物新纪录。本文给出了这6号标本的22项外形特征量度,并描述了其生境特征。基于12S r RNA和16S r RNA基因片段构建的最大似然系统发育树表明,这些标本与宜章臭蛙模式产地标本聚在一起,且他们之间的遗传距离远远小于臭蛙属物种之间的距离。宜章臭蛙在贵州的新记录将促进该物种的分类与谱系地理学研究。     

云南西部克钦湍蛙的鉴定与描述及克钦湍蛙在中国的分布讨论

2018年9月在云南省德宏傣族景颇族自治州采到14号湍蛙属Amolops标本,雄性体长46.4～56.5 mm(n=9),雌性体长74.7～89.7 mm(n=5),个体明显大于西域湍蛙Amolops marmoratus,线粒体基因16S rRNA序列与西域湍蛙序列的平均遗传距离为12.61%,与克钦湍蛙Amolops afghanus的平均遗传距离为0.05%。通过形态学及分子生物学方面的对比研究,确定为克钦湍蛙,并对克钦湍蛙在中国的分布情况进行了讨论。     

中国鸟类新纪录——棕薮鸲

作者于1995年5月28日,在新疆阜康县采集到一号鸟类标本,经查阅资料[1～4],确认为中国鸟类属和种的新纪录--棕薮鸲,现报道如下.     

湖北省两栖类两新纪录

在湖北后河国家级自然保护区发现龙胜臭蛙(Odorrana lungshengensis)和崇安湍蛙(Amolops chunganensis),两物种为湖北省两栖类新纪录。     

A novel bradykinin-like peptide from skin secretions of rufous-spotted torrent frog, Amolops loloensis

A bradykinin-like peptide has been isolated from skin secretions of rufous-spotted torrent frog, Amolops loloensis. This bradykinin-like peptide was named amolopkinin. Its primary structure, RAPVPPGFTPFR, was determined by Edman degradation and mass spectrometry. It is structurally related to bradykinin-like peptides identified from skin secretions of other amphibians. Amolopkinin is composed of 12 amino acid residues and is related to bradykinin composed of nine amino acid residues, identified from the skin secretions of Odorrana schmackeri. Amolopkinin was found to elicit concentration-dependent contractile effects on isolated guinea pig ileum. cDNA clones encoding the precursor of amolopkinin were isolated by screening a skin cDNA library of A. loloensis and then sequenced. The amino acid sequences deduced from the cDNA sequences match well with the results from Edman degradation. Analysis of different amphibian bradykinin cDNA structures revealed that a deficiency of an18-nucleotide fragment (TCAAGAATGATCAGACGC in the cDNA encoding bradykinin from O. schmackeri) in the peptide-coding region resulted in absence of a di-basic site for trypsin-like proteinases and an unusual - APV - insertion in the N-terminal part of amolopkinin. This is the first report of a bradykinin-like peptide comprised of bradykinin with an insertion in its N-terminal part. Our results demonstrate the hypervariability of amphibian bradykinin-like peptides, as well as the diversity of antimicrobial peptides in amphibians.     

云南省蛇类一新记录--美姑脊蛇

1991年5月14和15日我们在云南省水富县太平乡铜锣坝自然保护区的阔叶林间的菜地边捕获到一条幼体,二条雌性成体,分别编号为R91514-l,R91515-2和R91515-3。标本保存在云南大学生命科学学院脊椎动物标本室,但R91515-3标本遗失。根据采集本的记录,这3条标本当时鉴定为游蛇科脊蛇属美姑脊蛇(Achalinus meiguensis Hu and Zhao,1966),系云南省蛇类新记录。现将两条标本情况报道如下。     

Five novel antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of the frog,Amolops loloensis

While investigating antimicrobial peptide diversity of Amolops loloensis, five novel antimicrobial peptides belonging to two families were identified from skin secretions of this frog. The first family including two members is esculentin-2-AL (esculentin-2-ALa and -ALb); the second family including three members is temporin-AL (temporin-ALd to -ALf). The family of esculentin-2-AL is composed of 37 amino acid residues (aa); the family of temporin-AL is composed of 16, 13 and 10 aa, respectively. All of these antimicrobial peptides showed antimicrobial activities against tested microorganisms. cDNAs encoding precursors of esculentin-2-ALs and temporin-ALs were cloned from the skin cDNA library of A. loloensis. All the precursors share similar overall structures. There is a typical prohormone processing signal (Lys-Arg) located between the acidic propiece and the mature peptide. The antimicrobial peptide family of esculentin-2 is firstly reported in the genus of Amolops. Combined with previous reports, a total of four antimicrobial peptide families have been identified from the genus of Amolops; three of them are also found in the genus of Rana. These results suggest the possible evolutionary connection between the genera Amolops and Rana.     

A novel family of antimicrobial peptides from the skin of Amolops loloensis

While conducting experiments to investigate antimicrobial peptides of amphibians living in the Yunnan-Sichuan region of southwest China, a new family of antimicrobial peptides was identified from skin secretions of the rufous-spotted torrent frog, Amolops loloensis. Members of the new peptide family named amolopins are composed of 18 amino acids with a unique sequence, for example, NILSSIVNGINRALSFFG. By BLAST search, amolopins did no show similarity to any known peptides. Among the tested microorganisms, native and synthetic peptides only showed antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592 and Bacillus pumilus, no effects on other microorganisms. The CD spectroscopy showed that it adopted a structure of random combined with beta-sheet in water, Tris-HCl or Tris-HCl-SDS. Several cDNAs encoding amolopins were cloned from the skin cDNA library of A. loloensis. The precursors of amolopin are composed of 62 amino acid residues including predicted signal peptides, acidic propieces, and mature antimicrobial peptides. The preproregion of amolopin precursor comprises a hydrophobic signal peptide of 22 residues followed by an 18 residue acidic propiece which terminates by a typical prohormone processing signal Lys-Arg. The preproregions of precursors are very similar to other amphibian antimicrobial peptide precursors but the mature amolopins are different from other antimicrobial peptide families. The remarkable similarity of preproregions of precursors that give rise to very different antimicrobial peptides in distantly related frog species suggests that the corresponding genes form a multigene family originating from a common ancestor.     

四川省爬行动物新纪录——米仓山攀蜥

米仓山攀蜥Ｊａｐａｌｕｒａｍｉｃａｎｇｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ属于爬行纲有鳞目鬣蜥科攀蜥属。本种自宋鸣涛于 1 987年发表以来 ,仅记载分布在陕西省的南部地区。笔者于1 993年 7月和 2 0 0 0年 8月在四川广元市朝天区沙河镇采到 4 5号标本 ,经野外观察和室内饲养的资料报导如下。1　形态特征　　雄性体全长 2 0 1～ 2 32ｍｍ ,尾长 1 36～ 1 62ｍｍ ;雌性体全长 1 89～ 2 2 4ｍｍ ,尾长 1 2 8～ 1 52ｍｍ。雌雄尾长均超过头体长的两倍 (表 )。鼓膜被鳞。没有喉褶。上唇鳞 7～ 8枚。雄性背鬣大于雌性。雄性头背鳞的棱较雌性强。雄性头背浅褐…     

A novel algesic peptide derived from skin secretions of the frog Amolops loloensis.

Several algesic agents including bradykinin and tachykinin have been identified from skin secretions of amphibians. They may act in defensive roles against aggressors. In this study, a novel peptide named Amolos with an amino acid sequence of FLPIVGAKL and isolated from skin secretion of the frog Amolops loloensis, is shown to strengthen nociceptive responses induced by inflammatory factors and strongly inhibit the contraction of isolated ileum. A synthetic peptide based on the sequence obtained showed characterization data identical to those of the isolated material, confirming its structure. These two types of responses seem to be a part of the defensive functions against predators or aggressors. The current results suggest that pharmacological molecules in amphibian skins not only act as innate defense mechanisms against microorganisms but also exert other defensive physiological functions against other aggressors.     

Two families of antimicrobial peptides with multiple functions from skin of rufous-spotted torrent frog, Amolops loloensis

There are around 27 species of Amolops amphibian distributed in South-east of Asia. Seven antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) belonging to two different families were purified from skin of rufous-spotted torrent frog, Amolops loloensis, and designated brevinins-ALa, b, c, and d, and temporins-ALa, b, and c. The brevinins-AL family which is structurally related to brevinins-1 from skin secretions of the European frog, Rana brevipoda, is composed of 24 amino acids and has an intra-disulfide bridge at the C-terminus. The temporins-AL family, composed of 13 or 16 amino acid residues, is related with temporins from the skin secretions of R. temporaria. The findings of this study will facilitate the solutions to the taxonomic questions of the ranid genus Amolops and Staurois. In the work of this paper, both brevinins-ALb and temporin-Ma induced mast cell degranulation and histamine release, and had cytotoxic activity toward solid tumor cell line HepG₂. Brevinins-ALb also exerted strong hemolytic activity while temporin-Ma had no such activity.     

广东封开县发现白眉棕啄木鸟

White-browed Piculet, A new bird record for Guangdong Province     

河南游蛇科一新记录--平鳞钝头蛇

游蛇科是蛇类中最大的一科,除南北极、少数岛屿外,广布全世界.河南已知蛇亚目30种,游蛇科24种,蝰科4种,隶于16属,无钝头蛇属Pareas的记录,其中分布于桐柏大别山地丘陵动物地理省的有26种,占河南蛇亚目的86.7%.金岗台自然保护区位于河南省南部大别山区,属于亚热带湿润气候,植被主要以亚热带常绿、落叶阔叶林,阔叶林与温带针叶林相结合,以亚热带成分占优势,适于爬行动物生活.