福建大田崆峒山晚二叠世长兴组的牙形刺

该文记述了福建大田崆峒山晚二叠世长兴组牙形刺化石4属7种,在长兴组上部建立了Neogondo-lella changxingensis-N.deflecta-N.subcarinata组合带,着重分析了崆峒山长兴组牙形刺的分布规律和组合特征。认为该组合可与浙江煤山长兴阶上部牙形刺组合带对比;福建大田崆峒山长兴组仅大致相当于我国华南长兴阶或浙江煤山长兴组的中、上部,其下伏的原属翠屏山组海相碎屑岩应划归长兴阶。     

广西南部二叠纪长兴期放射虫动物群

广西南宁南部柳桥区的长兴组上部硅质岩中存着精美的长兴期晚期放射虫动物群,共有24属39例,其中3个新种,其中以Latentifistularia最为常见,其次是Albaillllidae和Entactiniidae,属于二叠纪晚期的Neoalbaillella optima组合。半生生物有有孔虫、海绵骨针、腕足动物等。多数属在接近二叠纪－三叠世界线附近消失,但生物群中已出现少量三叠纪分子。     

SOME FUSULINIDS FROM CHANGHSING LIMESTONE

IntroductionThe present paper deals with some specimens of Palaeofusulina,Nankinella,Ozawainella and Reichelina from the Changhsing limestone of Kiangsi,southernSzechuan and central Kweichow and Gallowaiinella from the ferruginous chertbed of Kiangsi.The Changhsing limestone is widespread in the middle and     

萱草属有毒植物的研究

萱草属中某些种的根含神经性毒物,家畜采食或饲喂实验动物能引起中毒病的发生。在鉴于此对北萱草,黄花菜,北黄花菜,小黄花菜进行了植物调查鉴定及有毒成分—萱草根素的提取分离与毒性和结构再鉴定的研究,确认除黄花菜根外其它３种均含有萱草根素。讨论了黄花菜种鉴定中存在的问题。     

THE SPECIFIC CHARACTERS OF THE CRESTED PORCUPINES, SUBGENUS HYSTRIX

The characters used for specific diagnosis in the subgenus Hystrix have been studied to determine their constancy as specific characters and their geographical variation within the species. As a result three species are recognized, namely H. indica, H. cristata and H. africaeaustralis. H. galeata is considered a synonym of H. cristata , and H. stegmanni a synonym of H. africaeaustralis . The morphological differences between cristata and africaeaustralis in East Africa are not continued clinally within these species. Between cristata and indica some of the diagnostic characters vary clinally, others change abruptly.     

SAR studies of some acetophenone phenylhydrazone based pyrazole derivatives as anticathepsin agents

Cathepsins have emerged as promising molecular targets in a number of diseases such as Alzeimer’s, inflammation and cancer. Elevated cathepsin’s levels and decreased cellular inhibitor concentrations have emphasized the search for novel inhibitors of cathepsins. The present work is focused on the design and synthesis of some acetophenone phenylhydrazone based pyrazole derivatives as novel non peptidyl inhibitors of cathepsins B, H and L. The synthesized compounds after characterization have been explored for their inhibitory potency against cathepsins B, H and L. The results show that some of the synthesized compounds exhibit anti-catheptic activity with K_i value of the order of 10⁻¹⁰ M. Differential inhibitory effects have been observed for cathepsins B, H and L. Cathepsin L is inhibited more pronounced than cathepsin B and cathepsin H in that order.     

Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial and cytotoxic study of platinum (IV) complexes

Platinum (IV) complexes [Pt (L)2Cl2] [where, L= benzyl-N-thiohydrazide (L1), (benzyl-N-thio)-1,3-propanediamine (L2), benzaldehyde-benzyl-N-thiohydrazone (L3) and salicylaldehyde-benzyl-N-thiohydrazone (L4)] have been synthesized. The thiohydrazide, thiodiamine and thiohydrazones can exist as thione-thiol tautomer and coordinate as a bidentate N-S ligand. The ligands were found to act in monobasic bidentate fashion. Analytical data reveal that metal to ligand stoichiometry is 1:2. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, mass, electronic and 1H NMR spectroscopic studies. In vitro antibacterial and cytotoxic studies have been carried out for some complexes. Various kinetic and thermodynamic parameters like order of reaction (n), activation energy (Ea), apparent activation entropy (S#) and heat of reaction (DeltaH) have also been carried out for some complexes.     

ON THE OCCURRENCE IN ENGLAND OF THE PEAR FRUIT SAW-FLY, HOPLOCAMPA BEE VIS KLUG

Larvae of Hoplocampa brevis Klug., the Pear Fruit Saw-fly, have been found attacking pears in two gardens in Cambridge. In some continental countries this is a serious pest of pears; this is the first record of damage by this pest in England.
A preliminary study of the biology of this species has been made, and the egg, larval stages and cocoon have been briefly described.
The writer is indebted to Dr H. W. Miles for the identification of the saw-fly and for helpful criticism.     

THE ORIGIN OF HELIANTHUS MULTIFLORUS

Heiser , CHARLES B., Jr . (Indiana U., Bloomington), and Dale M. Smith . The origin of Helianthus multiflorus. Amer. Jour. Bot. 47(10): 860–865. Illus. 1960.—The cultivated ornamental sunflower, Helianthus multiflorus L., has been known since 1591 when it was described from Europe by Tabernaemontanus. Both Gray and Bailey concluded that it was a variety of H. decapetalus. The plant is invariably sterile and Dod was first to suggest a hybrid origin from H. annuus and H. decapetalus. Helianthus multiflorus has been found to be triploid (2n = 51) and at meiosis generally shows 17 bivalents and 17 univalents. Morphologically, the plant is similar to H. decapetalus (n = 34) but differs from it in the more hispid stem, broader leaves and phyllaries, and other characters, all of which could have been derived from H. annuus (n = 17). The artificial hybrid between H. decapetalus and H. annuus, while not readily obtained, has been secured, and the hybrid is rather similar to H. multiflorus. It is concluded that this taxon most likely originated in Europe from spontaneous hybridization between H. decapetalus and H. annuus, following the introduction of these species from North America.     

Studies on organomercury(II) complexes of isoniazid

A number of organomercury(II) complexes involving isoniazid (I), of the type RHgCl(L)(II) [R = phenyl(C6H5), o-hydroxyphenyl (o-HOC6H4), p-hydroxyphenyl (p-HOC6H4), p-acetoxyphenyl (p-AcOC6H4), 2-furyl (2-C4H3O); L = isoniazid] have been synthesized and characterized. Conductance measurements indicate that the complexes are nonelectrolytes. From IR and UV studies, it is concluded that isoniazid acts as a bidentate ligand, coordinating through hydrazinic nitrogen and carbonyl oxygen. 1H and 13C NMR support the stoichiometry of the complexes. From fluoroscence studies a number of photochemical parameters have been elucidated. For the C6H5HgCl(L), p-HOC6H4HgCl(L), and p-AcOC6H4HgCl(L) complexes, thermogravimetric studies have been carried out and relevant kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for thermal degradation have been enumerated. In addition, the fragmentation pattern of the complexes has been analyzed on the basis of mass spectra. The C6H5HgCl(L) and p-HOC6H4HgCl(L) complexes have been screened for tuberculosis activity.     

引诱白蚁的食用菌腐朽物的筛选

作者在实验室内用6种白蚁:栖北网(尉虫)Reticulitermes speratus(Kolbe)、黄胸网(尉虫)R.flaviceps(Osh-ima)、圆唇网(尉虫)R.labralis Hsia et Fan、尖唇网(尉虫)R.aculabialis Tsai et Huang、普见乳(尉虫)Coptoter-mes communis Hsia et He和囟土(尉虫)Odontotermes fontanellus Kemner对5种真菌的腐朽木屑进行了单纯选择和复合选择的生测试验。这5种真菌,一种是木腐菌,即密粘褶菌Gloeophyllum trabeum(Pers.ex Fr.)Murr.,另外4种均为腐木性粮用真菌:银耳Tremella fueiformis、黑木耳Auricularia auricula、猴头菌Hericium erinaceus和香菇Lentinus edodes。生测结果表明上述4种木腐性食用真菌中除猴头菌对白蚁引诱力极微外,其余3种和密粘褶菌对供试的多种白蚊均具有引诱力。其中以银耳腐木屑的引诱力最强而持久,黑木耳次之,密粘褶菌、香菇又次之。有关银耳和黑木耳腐朽木屑中对白蚁具引诱力的活性物质的化学成份和结构尚需进一步研究。     

ON THE BIOLOGY OF TWO LATRODECTUS SPIDERS IN PALESTINE

Summary— Some biological facts have been given concerning L. tredecim-guttatus and L. pallidus in Palestine. Their distribution and development have been dealt with. Special attention was paid to the structure of the web and the role the egg-sacs play in young spiders. The factors regulating the leaving of the sac were stated. Observations have been made on the process of copulation. The nature of the food has been investigated.
The question of the amount of venom of both species was given special emphasis, and along with some subsidiary questions an experiment was made to compare the strength of the venom of both Palestinian spiders. It has been shown that in the years in which observations were made the strength of the venom of Latrodectus tredecim-guttatus was greater than that of L. pallidus.     

Mitochondrial DNA structure in North Africa reveals a genetic discontinuity in the Nile Valley

Human population movements in North Africa have been mostly restricted to an east-west direction due to the geographical barriers imposed by the Sahara Desert and the Mediterranean Sea. Although these barriers have not completely impeded human migrations, genetic studies have shown that an east-west genetic gradient exists. However, the lack of genetic information of certain geographical areas and the focus of some studies in parts of the North African landscape have limited the global view of the genetic pool of North African populations. To provide a global view of the North African genetic landscape and population structure, we have analyzed ～2,300 North African mitochondrial DNA lineages (including 269 new sequences from Libya, in the first mtDNA study of the general Libyan population). Our results show a clinal distribution of certain haplogroups, some of them more frequent in Western (H, HV0, L1b, L3b, U6) or Eastern populations (L0a, R0a, N1b, I, J) that might be the result of human migrations from the Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa, and Europe. Despite this clinal pattern, a genetic discontinuity is found in the Libyan/Egyptian border, suggesting a differential gene flow in the Nile River Valley. Finally, frequency of the post-LGM subclades H1 and H3 is predominant in Libya within the H sequences, highlighting the magnitude of the LGM expansion in North Africa.     

SOME PIECES OF THE AFRICAN GENOME PUZZLE IN HIBISCUS SECT. FURCARIA (MALVACEAE)

New chromosome counts are reported for four African diploid species of Hibiscus L. sect. Furcaria DC: H. greenwayi Bak. f., H. hiernianus Exell et Mendonça, and H. mechowii Garcke, n = 18; and H. berberidifolius A. Rich., 2n = 36. Chromosome behavior is described in seven new hybrid combinations. Hibiscus greenwayi is shown to carry an A genome. Hibiscus hiernianus and H. mastersianus have similar genomes which are not homologous with that of H. mechowii. New and earlier data are integrated to elucidate genome relationships among 13 taxa–each of the four tetraploid species has a different formula encompassing 2 of 6 mutually nonhomologous genomes, A, B, G, H, X and Y (H. acetosella Welw. ex Hiern = AABB; H. meeusei Exell = AAXX; H. sabdariffa L. = AAYY; H. rostellatus Guill. et Perr. = GGHH). Diploid donors of A, B, G, X and Y are proposed on the basis of plant, flower and pollen morphology. Diploid carriers of A (H. asper Hook. f., H. cannabinus L., H. greenwayi), B (H. surattensis L.) and G (H. sudanensis Hochr.) have been verified cytologically. Cytological confirmation of X (H. hiernianus, H. mastersianus Hiern) and Y (H. mechowii) carriers is incomplete. No putative diploid carrier of H is at hand. Genome affinities of H. berberidifolius are unknown.     

Upper Permian coral reef and colonial rugose corals in northwest Hunan, South China

Summary The roles of Permian colonial corals in forming organic reefs have not been adequately assessed, although they are common fossils in the Permian strata. It is now known that colonial corals were important contributors to reef framework during the middle and late Permian such as those in South China, northeast Japan, Oman and Thailand. A coral reef occurs in Kanjia-ping, Cili County, Hunan, South China. It is formed by erect and unscathed colonies ofWaagenophyllum growing on top of one anotherin situ to form a baffle and framework. Paleontological data of the Cili coral reef indicates a middle to late Changhsing age (Late Permian), corresponding to thePalaeofusulina zone. The coral reef exposure extends along the inner platform margin striking in E-S direction for nearly 4 km laterally and generally 35 to 57 m thick. The Cili coral reef exhibits a lateral differentiation into three main reef facies; reef core facies, fore-reef facies, and marginal slope facies. The major reef-core facies is well exposed in Shenxian-wan and Guanyin-an sections where it rests on the marginal slope facies. Colonial corals are dispersed and preserved in non-living position easward. Sponges become major stabilizing organisms in the eastern part of Changhsing limestone outcrop in Kanjia-ping, but no read sponge reefs were formed. Coral reefs at Cili County in Human are different distinctly from calcisponge reefs in South China in their palaeogeography, lithofacies development, organic constitutuents, palaeoecology and diagenesis. The Cili coral reef also shows differences in age, depositional facies association, reef organisms and diagenesis from coral reefs in South Kitakami of Japan, Khorat Plateau of Thailand, and Saih Hatat of Oman. Although some sponge reefs and mounds can reach up to the unconformable Permian/Triassic boundary, coral reef at Kanjia-ping, Cili County, is the latest Permian reef known. This reef appears to had been formed in a palaeoenvironment that is different from that of the sponge reefs and provides an example of new and unique Permian reef type in South China, and could help us to: 1) understand the significance of colonial corals in Permian carbonate buildups; 2) evaluate the importance of coral community evolution prior to the collapse of reef ecosystems at the Permian/Triassic boundary; 3) better understand the effects of the biotic extinction events in Palaeotethys realm; 4) look for environmental factors that may have controlled reefs through time and space, and 5) provide valuable data for the study of Permian palaeoclimate and global evolutionary changes of Permian reefs and reef community.     

The three-dimensional structures of methanol dehydrogenase from two methylotrophic bacteria at 2.6-A resolution.

The structures of methanol dehydrogenase (MEDH) from two closely related methylotrophic bacteria, Methylophilus methylotrophus and W3A1, have been determined at 2.6-A resolution. The molecule, a quinoprotein of molecular mass of about 138 kDa, contains two heavy (H) and two light (L) subunits of unknown sequence and two molecules of noncovalently associated pyrroloquinoline quinone. The two enzymes crystallize isomorphously in space group P2(1) with one H2L2 heterotetramer in the asymmetric unit. The electron density map of the M. methylophilus enzyme was obtained by multiple isomorphous replacement with anomalous scattering and improved by solvent leveling and electron density averaging. For model building, the amino acid sequence of MEDH from Paracoccus denitrificans for the H subunit and from Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 for the L subunit were used to represent the unknown amino acid sequence. At the present time, 579 and 57 amino acid residues for the large and small subunits, respectively, have been fitted into the map. The phases for MEDH from M. methylophilus were used directly to analyze the W3A1 structure, and both structures were refined to R-factors (where R = sigma[Fo-Fc[/sigma Fo) of 0.277 and 0.266, respectively. The L subunit contains a long alpha-helix and an extended N-terminal segment, both lying on the molecular surface of the H subunit. The H subunit contains eight antiparallel beta-sheets, each consisting of four strands arranged topologically like the letter W. The eight Ws are arranged circularly, forming the main disc-shaped body of the subunit, with some short helices and loops connecting the consecutive Ws, as well as some excursions within and between some of the Ws. The pyrroloquinoline quinone prosthetic group is located in the central channel of the large subunit near the surface of the molecule. The topology of the eight-W folding unit is similar to those of the six- and seven-W folding units previously reported for three other proteins, neuraminidase, methylamine dehydrogenase, and galactose oxidase.     

Paternal HLA genotype and offspring sex ratio.

For twenty years, W.H. James has been proposing that the sex hormone level of both parents could control at least a quota of the secondary sex ratio variation at the time of conception. Observations supporting this hypothesis have come from investigations on some diseases related to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA). In the present study on 1102 healthy Italian families, we investigated the potential effect on the offspring sex ratio of HLA-B alleles on the basis of a genetic model. We defined three subsets of HLA-B alleles and hypothesized a locus (L) with three alleles, L(H), L(N), L(B15), on the basis of the positive, neutral, or negative effect on the testosterone level. According to the genetic model and the dominance relation L(H) > L(B15) > L(N), six genotypic and three phenotypic classes (H, N, B15) can be expected. We found a significantly high number of daughters (66%) born to fathers carrying the B15 phenotype. This result suggests an effect of the HLA-B15 allele on the secondary sex ratio, mediated by a low testosterone level.     

二叠纪古纺锤(Palaeo fusulina)旋壁超微构造及其分类位置

电子显微镜下研究表明 ,Palaeofusulina的旋壁由致密层及“透明层”组成 ,“透明层”的晶粒形状、大小和排列方式与旋壁四层式 (Fusulinella型 )中的透明层超微特征有较大的差异。文中应用Palaeofusulina旋壁的透明层一词 ,加以引号 ,以示两者之间的区别。晚二叠世长兴阶的Palaeofusulina属及其旋壁构造相同的若干属均可归于PalaeofusulininaeM . Maclay ,196 3亚科     

五福花科的初步研究

本文对五福花科的分类进行了初步研究,提出了新的分类系统,并对其系统演化规律、地理分布等进行了讨论。