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酿酒酵母促分裂原蛋白激酶Hog1p 介导的渗透胁迫反应调控机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
高渗透性甘油促分裂原激酶信号转导途径(high osmolarity glycerol mitogen activated protein kinase signaling transduction pathway,HOG-MAPK)是调控酿酒酵母对外界高渗透压胁迫环境应答的主要途径,促分裂原蛋白激酶Hog1p(MAPK Hog1p)是其中的关键性作用因子.在高渗透压刺激时,MAPK Hog1p接受信号被特异性激活并进入核内,调控相关胁迫应答基因的表达,并介导该时期细胞周期的阻滞,从而增强细胞对外界不利环境的适应能力.对胁迫条件下酿酒酵母中MAPK Hog1p作用机制的进一步研究,有利于更深入地了解哺乳动物体内逆境激发促分裂原蛋白激酶途径的功能和调控机制. 相似文献
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基于酵母S.cerevisiae的生物学实验数据,建立了由Scaffold介导的酵母交配、侵入生长和应力-应答的MAPK(mitogen activated protein kinase,丝裂原活化蛋白激酶)级联信号转导网络的数学模型.利用简化的包含交配和侵入生长两条通路的非线性动力学模型,定量分析了三个关键性的特性:信号的专一性、信号的振幅和信号的延迟;考查scaffold及其复合物的反应率如何影响信号转导的效率,研究表明:Scaffold蛋白对信号专一性和信号振幅有较大的影响,而信号的延迟(特别是平衡状态时)主要由去磷酸化或降解反应率来控制. 相似文献
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绝大多数引发人体系统感染的致病真菌来自于环境,这些环境来源的真菌往往是条件致病菌,其毒力衍生于它们独特的生境适应策略。新生隐球菌是进化最为成功的环境真菌之一,在自然界中的分布极为广泛。而作为人类致病菌,新生隐球菌能够引发致命的隐球菌病和真菌脑膜炎,据统计全球每年由于隐球菌病死亡的人数超过60万人。近几年的研究表明,新生隐球菌的环境适应策略对其条件致病性至关重要。细胞-细胞交流、细胞形态转换和细胞异质性等重要环境适应行为在协调新生隐球菌的致病性方面都扮演了重要的角色。文章从致病菌-自然栖居环境-人类宿主三方的关系解析了新生隐球菌环境适应策略影响毒力的机制及相关进化动机,并对其潜在的研究前景和临床应用提出了一些思考。 相似文献
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细胞通讯系统调控多细胞生物的细胞增殖与分化等多种基础生物学过程,也是调控单细胞生物群体或社会性行为的重要策略。新生隐球菌是一种重要的环境来源病原真菌,主要感染免疫缺陷人群,具有很高的致死率。作为环境致病真菌,新生隐球菌进化出丰富的环境适应性策略。新生隐球菌细胞呈现出高度的异质性和社会性,不同形态的细胞承载着不同生物学功能和病原学特征。越来越多的研究表明,通过细胞通讯系统调控其群体或社会性行为,既是新生隐球菌适应多变的外界环境和宿主环境的关键策略,也与其致病能力密切相关。本文介绍新生隐球菌中细胞通讯系统的研究进展及其在有性生殖、细胞形态转换、适应环境及宿主压力等社会性行为中的调控作用。 相似文献
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Jung KW Kim SY Okagaki LH Nielsen K Bahn YS 《Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B》2011,48(2):154-165
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways control diverse cellular functions in pathogenic fungi, including sexual differentiation, stress response, and maintenance of cell wall integrity. Here we characterized a Cryptococcus neoformans gene, which is homologous to the yeast Ste50 that is known to play an important role in mating pheromone response and stress response as an adaptor protein to the Ste11 MAPK kinase kinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The C. neoformans Ste50 was not involved in any of the stress responses or virulence factor production (capsule and melanin) that are controlled by the HOG and Ras/cAMP signaling pathways. However, Ste50 was required for mating in both serotype A and serotype D C. neoformans strains. The ste50Δ mutant was completely defective in cell-cell fusion and mating pheromone production. Double mutation of the STE50 gene blocked increased production of pheromone and the hyper-filamentation phenotype of cells deleted of the CRG1 gene, which encodes the RGS protein that negatively regulates pheromone responsive G-protein signaling via the MAPK pathway. Regardless of the presence of the basidiomycota-specific SH3 domains of Ste50 that are known to be required for full virulence of Ustilago maydis, Ste50 was dispensable for virulence of C. neoformans in a murine model of cryptococcosis. In conclusion, the Ste50 adaptor protein controls sexual differentiation of C. neoformans via the pheromone-responsive MAPK pathway but is not required for virulence. 相似文献
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β-arrestin是一类重要的信号调控蛋白和支架蛋白(scaffold)。在G蛋白偶联受体(G-protein-OOU-piedreceptor,GPCR)信号转导中,β-arrestin不但可以作为GPCR信号的负性调控分子,还能作为支架蛋白促进GPCR对其他信号通路的激活,如有丝分裂原激活蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)途径。另外β-arrestin还能与转录因子调节蛋白,如IKB和Mdm2相互作用问接调节NF-κB和P53介导的转录。 相似文献
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The Polo-like Kinase Plx1 Is Required for Activation of the
Phosphatase Cdc25C and Cyclin B-Cdc2 in Xenopus Oocytes
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Yue-Wei Qian Eleanor Erikson Frédéric E. Taieb James L. Maller 《Molecular biology of the cell》2001,12(6):1791-1799
In the Xenopus oocyte system mitogen treatment triggers the G(2)/M transition by transiently inhibiting the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA); subsequently, other signal transduction pathways are activated, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and polo-like kinase pathways. To study the interactions between these pathways, we have utilized a cell-free oocyte extract that carries out the signaling events of oocyte maturation after addition of the heat-stable inhibitor of PKA, PKI. PKI stimulated the synthesis of Mos and activation of both the MAPK pathway and the Plx1/Cdc25C/cyclin B-Cdc2 pathway. Activation of the MAPK pathway alone by glutathione S-transferase (GST)-Mos did not lead to activation of Plx1 or cyclin B-Cdc2. Inhibition of the MAPK pathway in the extract by the MEK1 inhibitor U0126 delayed, but did not prevent, activation of the Plx1 pathway, and inhibition of Mos synthesis by cycloheximide had a similar effect, suggesting that MAPK activation is the only relevant function of Mos. Immunodepletion of Plx1 completely inhibited activation of Cdc25C and cyclin B-Cdc2 by PKI, indicating that Plx1 is necessary for Cdc25C activation. In extracts containing fully activated Plx1 and Cdc25C, inhibition of cyclin B-Cdc2 by p21(Cip1) had no significant effect on either the phosphorylation of Cdc25C or the activity of Plx1. These results demonstrate that maintenance of Plx1 and Cdc25C activity during mitosis does not require cyclin B-Cdc2 activity. 相似文献
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A unique fungal two-component system regulates stress responses, drug sensitivity, sexual development, and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans
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The stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is widely used by eukaryotic organisms as a central conduit via which cellular responses to the environment effect growth and differentiation. The basidiomycetous human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans uniquely uses the stress-activated Pbs2-Hog1 MAPK system to govern a plethora of cellular events, including stress responses, drug sensitivity, sexual reproduction, and virulence. Here, we characterized a fungal "two-component" system that controls these fundamental cellular functions via the Pbs2-Hog1 MAPK cascade. A typical response regulator, Ssk1, modulated all Hog1-dependent phenotypes by controlling Hog1 phosphorylation, indicating that Ssk1 is the major upstream signaling component of the Pbs2-Hog1 pathway. A second response regulator, Skn7, governs sensitivity to Na+ ions and the antifungal agent fludioxonil, negatively controls melanin production, and functions independently of Hog1 regulation. To control these response regulators, C. neoformans uses multiple sensor kinases, including two-component-like (Tco) 1 and Tco2. Tco1 and Tco2 play shared and distinct roles in stress responses and drug sensitivity through the Hog1 MAPK system. Furthermore, each sensor kinase mediates unique cellular functions for virulence and morphological differentiation. Our findings highlight unique adaptations of this global two-component MAPK signaling cascade in a ubiquitous human fungal pathogen. 相似文献
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Challenge of Drosophila melanogaster with Cryptococcus neoformans and role of the innate immune response
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Apidianakis Y Rahme LG Heitman J Ausubel FM Calderwood SB Mylonakis E 《Eukaryotic cell》2004,3(2):413-419
We found that the ingestion of Cryptococcus neoformans by Drosophila melanogaster resulted in the death of the fly but that the ingestion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae or the nonpathogenic Cryptococcus kuetzingii or Cryptococcus laurentii did not. The C. neoformans protein kinase A and RAS signal transduction pathways, previously shown to be involved in virulence in mammals, also played a role in killing DROSOPHILA: Mutation of the Toll immune response pathway, the predominant antifungal pathway of the fly, did not play a role in Drosophila defense following ingestion of the yeast. However, the Toll pathway was necessary for the clearance of C. neoformans introduced directly into the hemolymph of D. melanogaster and for the survival of systemically infected flies. 相似文献
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Efficient communication with the environment is critical for all living organisms. Fungi utilize complex signalling systems to sense their environments and control proliferation, development and in some cases virulence. Well-studied signalling pathways include the protein kinase A/cyclic AMP (cAMP), protein kinase C (PKC)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), lipid signalling cascades, and the calcium–calcineurin signalling pathway. The human pathogenic basidiomycetous fungus Cryptococcus neoformans deploys sensitive signalling systems to survive in the human host, leading to life-threatening meningoencephalitis. Known virulence traits of this fungus, including the antioxidant melanin production, the antiphagocytic polysaccharide capsule and the ability to grow at 37°C, are orchestrated by complex signalling networks, whose understanding is crucial to better treat, diagnose and prevent cryptococcosis. 相似文献
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促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)级联途径主要MAPKKK、MAPKK和MAPK三个组分构成,彼此逐级磷酸化进而传递细胞信号。这些激酶可以将信息从感应器传递到效应器,并在胞内外信号传递中起多种作用。同时,MAPK级联途径通过相互“交谈”形成复杂的信号传递网络,从而有效地传递各种特异信号。迄今为止,拟南芥AtMPK3、AtMPK4和AtMPK6是研究最多的MAPKs。本文综述AtMPK6参与调控植物对逆境胁迫的响应,以及在生长发育过程中的作用,并介绍AtMPK6与蛋白磷酸酶之间的关系。 相似文献
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Two-component signal transduction in human fungal pathogens 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Signal transduction pathways provide mechanisms for adaptation to stress conditions. One of the most studied of these pathways is the HOG1 MAP kinase pathway that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used to adapt cells to osmostress. The HOG1 MAPK has also been studied in Candida albicans, and more recently observations on the Hog1p functions have been described in two other human pathogens, Aspergillus fumigatus and Cryptococcus neoformans. The important, but not surprising, concept is that this pathway is used for different yet similar functions in each of these fungi, given their need to adapt to different environmental signals. Current studies of C. albicans focus upon the identification of two-component signal proteins that, in both C. albicans and S. cerevisiae, regulate the HOG1 MAPK. In C. albicans, these proteins regulate cell wall biosynthesis (and, therefore, adherence to host cells), osmotic and oxidant adaptation, white-opaque switching, morphogenesis, and virulence of the organism. 相似文献
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脱落酸(ABA)是植物体内一种重要的激素分子,在调节植物生长发育和对环境适应的过程中发挥重要的信号作用。促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)是一种广泛存在于真核生物中的信号转导途径,由环境胁迫、细胞因子、植物激素、生长因子等诱导,是植物细胞信号转导过程中的主要级联途径之一。已知许多蛋白激酶和蛋白磷酸酶参与了ABA信号途径,MAPKs作为ABA信号转导的下游组分发挥着重要的调节作用。本文就MAPK级联参与ABA信号转导途径的相关研究进展进行叙述,以便对MAPKs和ABA信号之间的交互作用(cross-talk)机制有更深入了解。 相似文献