半夏蛋白的抗兔胚泡着床作用

半夏蛋白有很强的抗兔胚泡着床作用,子宫内注射500μg,抗着床率达100%。经半夏蛋白作用后的子宫内膜能使被移植的正常胚泡不着床。在子宫内经半夏蛋白孵育的胚泡移植到同步的假孕子宫,着床率随孵育时间延长而降低。用辣根过氧化物酶标记半夏蛋白的定位实验表明该蛋白结合在子宫内膜腺管的上皮细胞膜上。已知半夏蛋白有类似凝集素的活性,能与甘露聚糖结合,它的抗着床作用可能是由于该蛋白结合了母体和(或)子体细胞膜上的某些糖结构,改变了细胞膜的生物学行为所致。     

核受体在胚泡着床生理过程中的调节与功能

核受体隶属配体依赖性的转录调控因子超家族,与机体的生长发育、细胞分化、生殖以及代谢过程中的基因表达调控密切相关.本文就核受体家族参与哺乳动物胚泡着床研究方面的进展作一简要综述.     

三种小分子肽对妊娠大鼠子宫内胚泡着床数的影响

三种小分子肽对妊娠大鼠子宫内胚泡着床数的影响金秀东，张际绯，滕芳美，王春梅，张绪东（牡丹江医学院生理学教研室牡丹江１５７０１１）胚泡着床是哺乳动物繁殖的非常重要阶段，干扰胚泡着床，对于控制生育有着重要意义。近年有实验证明，酪氨酸类似物及多种人工合成小...     

哺乳动物胚泡着床及影响因素

哺乳动物胚泡着床是生殖过程中的关键环节。受精卵经过早期发育形成了胚泡，胚泡脱去透明带后，经定位、粘附、滋养层侵入，植入到子宫内膜中，同时母体子宫内膜发生蜕膜化控制植入的程度，最终完成着床过程。着床过程受多种因素的影响，主要因素有：母体子宫内膜和胚泡发育的同步化，母体的激素环境，胚泡分泌的激素，母体子宫的接受性及局部免疫保护作用。     

兔胚泡肽合成片段及其与着床有关的生理功能

本研究测定了兔胚泡肽（ＲＢＰ２）的氨基酸序列,它由５４个氨基酸组成,其序列的第４位氨基酸至第３４位氨基酸与兔子宫珠蛋白Ｎ端氨基酸序列完全相同。用计算机软件系统模拟分析,从５４个氨基酸中选取了抗原性最高的一段氨基酸（ａａ２０－ａａ３４）,然后人工合成了含有１５个氨基酸的小肽片段（ＳＰＦ）。研究表明：用溴脱氧尿嘧啶掺入淋巴细胞的方法测定了ＳＰＦ对细胞增殖作用的影响,当浓度范围在８０μｇ／ｍｌ至３２０μ     

白血病抑制因子及其在胚胎发育和胚泡着床中的生理功能

白血病抑制因子在哺乳动物妊娠早期中具有重要的生物学功能。胚源和母体白血病抑制因子可作为胚胎营养因子促进胚胎的发育;母体白血病抑制因子可能通过调节子宫接受性和／或激活胚泡从而启动胚泡着床。     

胶原酶—3活性在大鼠动情周期及胚泡着床中的变化

大鼠动情周期以及胚胎着床过程中,子宫内膜会发生结缔组织的降解与重构。胶原酶3（MMP－13）是降解纤维类胶原的主要蛋白水解酶类之一。其活性在这些过程中的变化值得研究。采用液体闪烁计数测定^3H标记胶原的方法,对大鼠动情周期及早期妊娠子宫中胶原酶3（MMP－13）的活性进行了测定。结果表明：在动情周期中,激活型MMP－13在间情期最低,酶原型及激活型的MMP－13在动前期达高峰,动情后期酶原型和激活型MMP也明显高于间情期（P＜0．05）（Fig.1)。妊娠第1、2天酶原型的MMP－13的活性显著高于第3－7天,第3、4天酶原型和激活型MMP－13的活性均低于妊娠第1、2天（P＜0．05）;而第5天酶原型MMP－13的活性却显著高于第4、6两天（P＜0．05）,激活型MMP－13的活性也高于第4天（P＜0．05）（Fig.2）。着床部位酶原型MMP－13的活性明显高于非着床部位（P＜0．05）,而激活型MMP－13的活性则无明显差异（P＞0．05）（Fig.3）。大鼠假孕早期子宫中MMP－13的活性变化与正常早期妊娠相似,但其活性却明显低于正常早期妊娠（Fig.4）。结果提示:粝鼠子宫中MMP－13参与大鼠动情周期及早期妊娠过程,尤其是在胚胎着床过程中可能起着重要作用。     

双炔失碳酯对兔移植胚泡着床的影响

本文用胚泡移植技术验证了双炔失碳酯对子宫内膜的影响是胚泡不能着床的重要原因。将 29只胚龄4d的兔胚泡移植到给药后假孕4d的子宫,结果没有一只胚泡着床;而对照组的5只受卵兔,移植了41只胚泡,有26只着床成功。 为了了解双炔失碳酯对黄体的影响,在5只妊娠兔上,从交配后1—7d与对照组比较血清孕酮浓度的变化,结果表明:对照组的血清孕酮浓度随着妊娠天数显著升高,妊娠第7天时达 17.35±2.12ng/ml,而给药组升高不明显,第7天仅 1.83±1.03ng/ml,为对照组的1/9。已知足够的孕酮浓度对妊娠的维持和胚泡的成功着床具有十分重要的作用。由此推测,双炔失碳酯抑制孕酮的分泌势必影响子宫内膜的发育,从而阻碍胚泡的着床。     

THE LEISHMANIAS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ROLE OF ANIMAL RESERVOIRS

Six varieties of Leishmaniasis are briefly described, namely,visceral leishmaniasis, oriental sore, Chiclero's ulcer, Panamaniancutaneous leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, and Uta.The natural foci of these diseases are described, and the evolutionof each infection from its original location in the animal reservoirto total humanisation is followed. In the main, the wild canidaeform the reservoir of the visceral diseases, and rodents ofthe cutaneous form. Many fallacies exist in the interpretation of what constitutesa zoonosis in leishmaniasis, and each situation must be lookedat very carefully to ascertain the precise epidemiology. Thecontrol measures depend entirely upon a correct assessment ofthe position.     

COMPARATIVE CYTOPHYSIOLOGY OF STRIATED MUSCLE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ROLE OF THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

1. The structure and distribution of the components of striated muscle cells vary with the species and with the specialization of muscle fiber function. 2. There appear to be two, easily distinguishable, general categories of striated muscle structure. A. High frequency muscle (represented by flight muscle of higher insects and hummingbird, and cicada tympanal muscle) is characterized by widely spaced, non-branching fibrils of large diameter and short period, little endoplasmic reticulum, and large quantities of large mitochondria (low fibril-sarcoplasm ratio). This structure is correlated with heavy tracheolization or vascularization, high oxidative activity, and dark color as compared with other muscles of the same species. B. Low frequency muscle is characterized, in general, by high fibril-sarcoplasm ratio, relatively long period, few mitochondria increasing with activity and decreasing with absolute power of the fiber. Oxidative capacity and color are proportional to the quantity of mitochondria. These fibers are further differentiated into (a) fibrillar arrangement of contractile material which permits a regular pattern of interfibrillar and segmental reticulum, and (b) afibrillar arrangement of contractile material leading to an unsystematic distribution of reticulum. 3. The endoplasmic reticulum appears as a complex coordination system in the muscle fiber. Peripherally, it links the Z and M lines of the fibrils to the sarcolemma and between the fibrils it links the cross-bands, forming the Grundmembran of earlier authors. By longitudinal linkage, it connects with the sarcolemma at the muscle extremity to form a digital arrangement into which the tendon fibrils are spliced. The extent of its development and its position have a definite relationship to the degree and site of fiber shortening. At present the reticulum is the only structure that one can consider to be an internal conducting system. It may distribute the excitation transversely from fibril to fibril, and lengthwise saltatorially to the symmetry centers of the sarcomeres. 4. The nucleus is the mediating element between the cytoplasmic phases within and without the tubular system of the endoplasmic reticulum. A possible mechanism which correlates nucleus, adenylic acid system, ion exchange, and reticulum with the initiation of contraction is postulated.     

ROLE OF NUCLEUS IN CYTOPLASMIC ACTIVITIES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE FORMATION OF SURFACE MEMBRANE IN ELODEA LEAF CELLS

Using leaf cells of Elodea densa, investigations were made onthe role of nucleus in some activities of protoplasm, by comparingthe behaviours of nucleated and enucleated halves of protoplast,which were separated by means of plasmolytic treatment of intactcells.

1. Plasmolytic treatment caused a remarkable chloroplast-systrophe,which was more pronounced in nucleated halves than in enucleatedones, in which the systrophe, if any, was dispersed gradually.
2. In general, protoplasmic streaming was suppressed under plasmolyticconditions, although in nucleated protoplasm a rotation of systrophedchloroplast-bunch was often observed after a longer durationof culture.
3. The membrane which was re-formed on the surfaceof divided protoplasmichalves was found to be more solidifiedand less elastic in thenucleated halves than in the enucleatedhalves.
4. Detection of RNA in the cytoplasm by UNNA-PAPPENHEIM'sstainingmethod showed that the ability of pyronin uptake wasdecreasedin the enucleated halves as compared with that inthe nucleatedhalves.
5. By treatment with ribonuclease, theproperties of nucleatedprotoplasmic halves were rendered tobe similar to those ofthe enucleated halves.
6. Based on theobservations, discussions were made on the r?leof nucleus inthe regulation of the membrane formation by, andthe viscosityand other physico-chemical properties of, thecytoplasm.

¹ This study was supported by a grant-in-aid for DevelopmentalScientific Research from the Ministry of Education, No. 407041(1955), and No. 407084 (1960). (Received November 19, 1960; )     

CHANGES OF THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL AT THE TIME OF FERTILIZATION IN THE SEA URCHIN EGG WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE FERTILIZATION-WAVE

An experimental device was developed from the work of U ehara and S ugiyama (1969), in order to study the electrical phenomena accompanying the fertilization-wave in the sea urchin egg.
The change in membrane potential upon fertilization consists of 2 peaks (I to et al. , 1970), being preceded by a shoulder. The shoulder appears within the "latent period" (A llen and G riffin , 1958), and the 2 peaks correspond to the breakdown of the cortical granules and the formation of the fertilization membrane.
When the equatorial region of the egg surface was exposed to a detergent-sea water, the breakdown of the cortical granules and the formation of the fertilization membrane are induced only in this ring-shaped area. Sperm is then added to one of the polar regions. The fertilization-wave, starting from the point of sperm-entry, propagates across the detergent-treated region, and the membrane is formed on the whole egg surface. During such an experiment, changes of the membrane potential in the detergent-treated region were measured. 1 to 3 sudden transient depolarizations appear, followed by a delayed small depolarization. It is presumed that the initial depolarization corresponds to the fertilization-wave. The pattern of the potential change at normal fertilization may be explained by complexity of the cortical change, and the initial depolarizing shoulder is considered to correspond to the fertilization-wave, which is isolated by the above-mentioned device.     

DEVELOPMENT OF THE COPEPOD EUTERPINA ACUTIFRONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DIMORPHISM IN THE MALE

The development of Euterpina acutifrons is described from observations of individuals reared in the laboratory. The characteristics which enable the various stages to be identified have been listed and the feeding mechanism of the larvae described. Differences from the usual developmental pattern of the Harpacticoida are noted and it is suggested that these are related to the pelagic habit of Euterpina . Dimorphism in the male is described and the course of development of the dimorphs is shown to differ from schemes previously suggested for other copepods. Dimorphism, which is manifested at the moult of the third copepodid, is shown to be independent of temperature.     

SPERMIOGENESIS IN BARNACLES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ORGANIZATION OF THE ACCESSORY BODY*

Ultrastructural changes during spermiogenesis in the barnacles, Balanus amphitrite albicostatus, Balanus tintinnabulum rosa, Balanus trigonus and Tetraclita squamosa japonica, and organization of the sperm with special reference to the accessory body were studied. The Golgi complex organizes both the acrosome and the accessory body at different stages during spermiogenesis; the former is formed at the mid-spermatid stage and the latter is formed at the late spermatid stage. The arrangement of the components in the mature filiform sperm is quite unique, with the acrosome, the basal body just behind the acrosome, the axial filament parallel to a long nucleus, and a slender long mitochondrion behind the nucleus. The sperm in the anterior and posterior half of the ejaculatory duct differ from each other in form in that the sperm in the anterior duct are not equipped with the accessory body and the sperm in the posterior duct are. The accessory body can be artificially broken down by some treatments (1 M urea, alkaline sea water: pH 9.0-9.7, low ionic concentration of sea water). The loss of the accessory body from the sperm is assumed to be related to the ferti-lizability of the sperm.