History of American Marine Biology and Marine Biology Institutions Introduction: Origins of American Marine Biology

SYNOPSIS.In the 1840s and 1850s professional naturalists dredgedshallow sea-water on the eastern coast of the United Statesto obtain marine specimens for teaching and research. In 1871Spencer F. Baird, first U.S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries,organized amarine biological laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts,for basic biological research as well as for practical fisherybiology. In 1873 Louis Agassiz established his summer marinestation for teachers on Penikese Island, which stimulated others,especially some of his former students, to do likewise alongthe eastern coast in subsequent years, culminating in the renownedMarine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole (1888). On the Pacificcoast the pioneer marine laboratories were the Hopkins MarineLaboratory (1892) and the prestigious Scripps Institute of Oceanographyin California (1903), and the Puget Sound Biological Station,later known as the Friday Harbor Laboratories, in Washington(1903). Today, over 50 marine laboratories are in operationin the 21 contiguous coastal states for education and researchin marine biology     

Archaeal genetics - the third way

For decades, archaea were misclassified as bacteria because of their prokaryotic morphology. Molecular phylogeny eventually revealed that archaea, like bacteria and eukaryotes, are a fundamentally distinct domain of life. Genome analyses have confirmed that archaea share many features with eukaryotes, particularly in information processing, and therefore can serve as streamlined models for understanding eukaryotic biology. Biochemists and structural biologists have embraced the study of archaea but geneticists have been more wary, despite the fact that genetic techniques for archaea are quite sophisticated. It is time for geneticists to start asking fundamental questions about our distant relatives.     

分子生物学方法及其在海洋微生物生态中的应用

微生物在生态系统中起着独一无二的生态作用.微生物生态学的发展和工农业、环境保护及社会科学有着紧密的联系.海洋作为地球上最大的生境,孕育着大量的生物资源,是研究微生物生态的主要来源.综述微生物生态研究相关的分子生物学方法及海洋微生物生态的应用进展.     

Effect of learning on EEG characteristics of children during the third year

Characteristics were studied of frequency spectrum and spatial-temporal organization of bioelectrical cerebral activity and also of heart rate dynamics in children of the third year of life in the state of quiet wakefulness and during orienting reaction. Changes were recorded in the parameters of the cerebral activity under the influence of developing learning and in particular of formation of symbolic thinking function. It has been established that the involvement of the child in the process of learning leads to definite shifts of the EEG of quiet wakefulness testifying to acceleration of the process of the CNS functional maturation. Mastering of a high degree of play symbolization causes not only changes in the EEG but also an increase of the child orientating-investigatory activity.