共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
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调查了生长期14个不同棉花品种上绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür的危害情况。亚洲棉表现为高抗,冀丰杂7号等12个品种表现为中抗,灵-17表现为敏感。田间采用ASD光谱仪对14个棉花品种生长期的冠层光谱进行了测定,发现相同品种不同时期的光谱反射率的一阶微分具有明显差异(P<0.05),在近红外717 nm波段处一阶微分光谱值与棉花抗绿盲蝽级别显著相关(R2=0.89,P=0.01),可较好的表征绿盲蝽危害指数,可利用这个波段的光谱指标对棉花品种的抗绿盲蝽特性进行初步诊断,为棉花抗盲蝽评价选育提供参考。 相似文献
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本文观察记录了绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum(Meyer-Dür)雌性成虫的产卵行为,并研究了其产卵习性。结果发现,绿盲蝽卵主要产在植物组织中,单次产卵平均历时31.4 s;产卵主要在夜间进行,白天的产卵量仅占全天的6.6%。成虫交配后主要产可育卵,后期偶产不育卵;而未交配个体大部分能产不育卵。在25℃下,成虫从7日龄起开始产卵,16日龄前产卵量占总产卵量的48.9%;17~40日龄间产卵量约占40%。在棉株上,约65%卵分布在中部(第4到第7果枝),同时94.3%卵集中在叶柄、叶脉、蕾柄和铃柄上。 相似文献
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短时高温暴露对绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽存活及生殖的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽是危害棉花害虫的两个优势种,为探明短时高温暴露对绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽存活和生殖的影响,将在27℃饲养的绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽的卵和初孵若虫每天暴露在不同高温(30、33、36、40℃)4 h,以27℃恒温饲养的为对照,比较两种盲蝽卵的孵化率、若虫存活率、成虫产卵量的变化以及两者的差异。研究结果显示:在27—40℃范围内,随着温度的升高,绿盲蝽卵的孵化率先从27℃处理的84.25%上升至30℃处理的94.69%,而后开始下降,36℃处理的孵化率下降为76.84%,到40℃处理时降至44.30%;中黑盲蝽卵的孵化率则由27℃处理的79.27%上升至30℃处理的87.90%,后逐渐下降至40℃处理的60.24%。在极端高温40℃的处理中,中黑盲蝽卵的孵化率显著高于绿盲蝽卵的孵化率,表明中黑盲蝽卵较绿盲蝽卵更耐极端高温。在30—40℃范围内,随着温度的升高,两种盲蝽若虫存活率降低,40℃处理后,绿盲蝽若虫存活率为零,中黑盲蝽若虫存活率为16.74%。同时,高温对绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽的产卵量也存在显著影响。27℃处理下,绿盲蝽平均每头雌虫产卵量为64.78粒;30℃处理后,产卵量上升为70.03粒,后随处理温度升高产卵量开始下降,40℃时不能产卵;中黑盲蝽产卵量在27—36℃之间没有显着差异,平均每头雌虫产卵量为63—75粒,显著高于40℃处理的20.75粒。此外,短时高温暴露延长了绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽的若虫历期,降低了绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽雌雄成虫寿命。结果表明,短时高温对绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽卵的孵化率、若虫存活率、生殖及成虫寿命等均有不利影响,温度越高,影响越大。绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽在极端高温40℃处理下,中黑盲蝽耐热性明显高于绿盲蝽。两种盲蝽在极端高温条件下的耐热性不同,可能是导致它们在棉田内种群季节动态差异的一个重要因素。 相似文献
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随着转基因棉花在中国的大面积推广,棉盲蝽逐渐成为我国棉花生产中重要的害虫之一。为了对棉盲蝽的生活习性、发生规律、行为特点进行深入研究,本实验在棉田中使用不同颜色色板在不同的时间和不同的高度对田间主要种群绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum和三点盲蝽Adelphocoris fasciaticollis进行诱集,得到的主要实验结果如下:绿色色板对绿盲蝽有着比较稳定的诱集效果;绿盲蝽和三点盲蝽多活动于18:00—次日6:00;绿盲蝽和三点盲蝽多活动于距地面130cm的高度;每日清理色板上捕获的三点盲蝽和绿盲蝽,可以保持色板的有效性。 相似文献
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【目的】随着转基因棉种植年限的延长,绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum(Meyer-Dür)成为棉田主要害虫,建立准确的预测预报模型,可为绿盲蝽的防控奠定基础。【方法】通过收集整理基点16年(1993—2008年)绿盲蝽各代成若虫的发生高峰期与发生量以及平均气温、相对湿度、降雨量、雨日、光照时数等各项因子数据,利用DPSv8.05专业版数据处理系统,采用多因子逐步回归方法,从各代发生量、平均温度、雨量、湿度、光照时长等因子中筛选出4~5个相关显著的预测因子进一步用二次多项回归建立预测模型。【结果】初步建立了绿盲蝽各代发生期、发生量预测模型,进行了回代检验,并进一步利用6年(2009—2014年)的绿盲蝽实际发生数据对预测模型的应用效果就行了外延检测,总体测报准确率平均达到85%以上。【结论】建立的绿盲蝽中期测报模型准确率较高,农业技术推广部门可以在绿盲蝽的预测预报工作中加以应用。 相似文献
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绿盲蝽成虫对六种寄主及其挥发物的选择趋势 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对绿盲蝽Apolyguslucorum(Meyer-Dttr)6种主要寄主,分别于5~10叶期和花蕾期,采用室内“Y”型嗅觉仪和田间罩笼接虫方法,研究了绿盲蝽成虫对不同寄主及其挥发物的选择趋势。田间罩笼接虫试验结果表明:5—10叶期的茼蒿、国抗22及泗棉3号上绿盲蝽虫量居多,绿豆次之,大豆和豇豆上的较少;花蕾期的茼蒿、绿豆、国抗22及泗棉3号上绿盲蝽较多,而豇豆、大豆上较少。以5~10叶期和花蕾期的上述6种寄主为实验材料,以无寄主花盆为空白对照,每期各成对设置17个气源组合,采用室内“Y”型嗅觉仪测定绿盲蝽成虫对这6种寄主气源的选择趋性。不同气源组合测定结果表明,绿盲蝽对5—10叶期植物性气源的选择趋势为:国抗22〉茼蒿〉绿豆〉泗棉3号〉大豆〉豇豆;绿盲蝽对花蕾期植物性气源的选择趋势为:绿豆〉茼蒿〉国抗22〉泗棉3号〉豇豆〉大豆。上述不同选择性试验结果综合表明,绿盲蝽成虫对5—10叶期和花蕾期不同寄主的选择趋势基本一致。 相似文献
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北京梨园绿盲蝽及其天敌的种群动态 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
【目的】调查研究梨园绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür)及其天敌的种群动态, 为梨园绿盲蝽的预测预报和科学防治提供理论依据。【方法】2012-2013年利用色板诱集法和目测法, 对北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所梨园的绿盲蝽及其天敌的种群动态进行了系统调查和分析。【结果】绿板调查结果显示, 绿盲蝽在梨园的发生有2个高峰期, 第1个峰值远高于第2个峰值, 主要发生高峰期为5月下旬至6月中旬。目测调查结果显示, 2012年, 绿盲蝽有两个发生高峰期, 5月中旬达到第1个峰值, 5月下旬达到第2个峰值; 2013年, 绿盲蝽仅有5月下旬一个发生高峰期。2012和2013年天敌主要发生高峰期均为6月上旬至下旬。梨园调查到的天敌主要为捕食类天敌, 包括蜘蛛和天敌昆虫, 其中天敌昆虫有7种隶属3目3科。天敌的优势种类为蜘蛛、 龟纹瓢虫、 异色瓢虫、 中华草蛉。【结论】天敌的发生与绿盲蝽有明显的时间和数量跟随关系。 相似文献
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绿盲蝽丝氨酸蛋白酶基因AlSP4的克隆及取食不同寄主植物后的表达谱分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
胰蛋白酶类和胰凝乳蛋白酶类丝氨酸蛋白酶是盲蝽科昆虫消化系统内重要的消化酶。为了更好地了解丝氨酸类蛋白酶在绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum消化系统中的作用, 本研究首次克隆了绿盲蝽丝氨酸蛋白酶基因AlSP4 (GenBank登录号为JQ609682)。序列分析结果表明, 该基因开放阅读框长999 bp, 编码332个氨基酸, 预测分子量为36.84 kDa, 理论等电点为5.35, N末端疏水区包含有16个氨基酸组成的信号肽。蛋白特征分析表明, 该基因翻译后的蛋白质具有丝氨酸蛋白酶的典型特征, 即氨基酸序列中具有组氨酸(His)、 天门冬氨酸(Asp)以及丝氨酸(Ser)残基组成的酶活性催化中心三元件; 该基因翻译后还具有明显的胰蛋白酶前体的特征, 即此基因具有信号肽、 激活肽以及胰蛋白酶N末端保守的起始氨基酸序列(IVGG)。利用荧光定量PCR技术对绿盲蝽雌、 雄成虫取食不同寄主植物后AlSP4的表达谱进行分析, 结果表明: 相对于其他寄主植物, 雌成虫取食Bt棉后AlSP4的表达量最高, 并显著高于取食常规棉后的表达量(P<0.01)。雄成虫取食茼蒿后AlSP4的表达量最高; 雄成虫取食Bt棉后, AlSP4的表达水平仅次于取食茼蒿后的表达量, 也显著高于取食常规棉后的表达量(P<0.01)。由此可见, AlSP4是绿盲蝽取食Bt棉后的重要消化酶基因, 对绿盲蝽适应Bt棉取食具有重要作用。 相似文献
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Shuping Luo Hongmei Li Yanhui Lu Feng Zhang Tim Haye Ulrich Kuhlmann 《Biocontrol Science and Technology》2014,24(3):247-256
Peristenus spretus Chen & van Achterberg (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a solitary endoparasitoid, which is considered for augmentative biological control of Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür (Heteroptera: Miridae) in Chinese cotton fields. Since the association of P. spretus with A. lucorum was only recently discovered, the biology of the parasitoid remains unknown. In order to understand its reproductive biology, the mutual interference and functional response of P. spretus were investigated by altering either the parasitoid or the host density while keeping the other constant. In both experiments, the effects of parasitoid and host densities on parasitism, superparasitism, progeny production and sex ratio were assessed. P. spretus exhibited a Holling type II functional response to changing host densities, indicating that parasitism increases with increasing host density until the parasitoid reaches its maximum reproductive capacity. The model suggested that a single P. spretus female could parasitise a maximum of 88 nymphs per day or four nymphs per hour. Increasing the wasp-nymph ratio from 1:10 to 1:80 significantly increased the offspring production more than fivefold from ±5.8 to ±35.6; further increasing the host densities (above 80 nymphs) did not significantly increase offspring production. Strong mutual interference of foraging P. spretus females occurred only at high parasitoid densities. Parasitoids foraging alone produced an average progeny of 33.4, whereas parasitoids foraging in groups of 16 produced only 2.6. The optimal wasp-nymph ratio for mass-rearing P. spretus is 4:100, given that resources of parasitoids and nymphs are unlimited. 相似文献
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Tamás Röszer Éva Kiss-Tóth A. József Szentmiklósi Gáspár Bánfalvi 《Invertebrate Biology》2005,124(1):18-24
Abstract. The snail Helix lucorum has been used as a model to study the adaptation of a nitric oxide (NO)‐forming enteric neural network to the long‐term resting period of summer estivation or winter hibernation. Quantification of the NO‐derived nitrite established that NO formation is confined to the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)‐containing myenteric network of the mid‐intestine. In active snails but not in resting snails, NO production could be enhanced by the NOS substrate l ‐arginine (l ‐ARG, 1 mM). We followed the enteric NO synthesis in a snail population kept at natural conditions for 1 year. Our findings indicate that NO synthesis was depressed in July during entry to the estivation, had a peak in autumn before hibernation, and finally was reduced during hibernation. Monoamines (histamine, serotonin, and adrenalin) could inhibit the NO liberation in active snails. Cofactors of NOS (β‐NADPH, β‐NAD, FAD, FMN, Ca2+, TH4) did not alter the low nitrite production in hibernating snails. We conclude that enteric NO synthesis in H. lucorum has a regular seasonal periodicity following the annual physiological cycles of terrestrial snails. During estivation or hibernation, NOS activity is blocked. Monoamines, the levels of which are elevated during hibernation, can trigger decreased NOS activity. The reduced activity of NOS cannot be restored by the administration of NOS cofactors; therefore, their absence cannot be the cause of the temporarily blocked L‐ARG/NO conversion ability of NOS. 相似文献
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A field experiment was conducted to determine the seasonal patterns of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) in a dryland winter wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) system and to determine wheat growth and P uptake responses to inoculation with mycorrhizal fungus. Broadcast-incorporated
treatments included (1) no inoculation with mycorrhizal fungus, with and without P fertilizer, and (2) mycorrhizal fungal
inoculation at a rate of 5000 spores of Glomus intraradices (Schenck and Smith), per 30 cm in each row, with and without fertilizer P. Winter wheat was seeded within a day after treatments
were imposed, and roots were sampled at five growth stages to quantify AM. Shoot samples were also taken for determination
of dry matter, grain yield and yield components, and N and P uptake. No AM infection was evident during the fall months following
seeding, which was characterized by low soil temperature, while during the spring, the AM increased gradually. Increases in
wheat grain yields by enhanced AM were of similar magnitude to the response obtained from P fertilization. However, responses
differed at intermediate growth stages. At the tillering stage, P uptake was mainly increased by P fertilization but not by
fungal inoculation. At harvest, enhanced AM increased P uptake regardless of whether or not fertilizer P was added. The AM
symbiosis increased with rising soil temperatures in the spring, in time to enhance late-season P accumulation and grain production.
Accepted: 15 July 1998 相似文献
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田间不同条件下玉米叶片的气孔阻力及与光合,蒸腾作用的关系 总被引:11,自引:3,他引:11
以玉米 1 7个自交系和 1 0个杂交种为试材 ,在田间条件下研究了不同光强、不同叶位、不同生育期、不同源库比例和株间差异状态下的气孔阻力及其与光合 (PH)、蒸腾(TR)和叶片水分利用效率 (WUE)的关系 ,结果表明 ,不同自交系之间RS具有显著的差异 ,相差最大可达 2 .3倍以上 ;光照条件变弱、穗叶位差增加、生育期推延和源 /库比例改变等均可引起RS值的增加 ;在各种情况下导致RS变化的同时也引起TR和PH产生相应的变化 ,RS与TR、PH表现出显著或极显著的负相关 ,且相关系数rRS TR>rRS PH;RS与WUE的相关关系在不同的条件下表现出不稳定性 相似文献