絮凝剂对雨生红球藻采收的影响

为了找到可以加速雨生红球藻采收的絮凝剂,选用几种常用的无机絮凝剂和生物絮凝剂对雨生红球藻进行处理,研究不同絮凝剂对雨生红球藻采收的影响。结果表明:聚合硫酸铁(SPFC)是絮凝效果最好的无机絮凝剂。其最佳使用条件:添加SPFC的质量浓度为1.5 g/L,絮凝时间为120 min,絮凝率达到90.0%。壳聚糖作为一种性状优良的生物絮凝剂也被应用于本研究中,其最佳的使用条件:p H为4.0,分子量(M_w)为5.0×10~3,添加壳聚糖的质量浓度为20 mg/L,絮凝率达到74.8%。另外,当SPFC和壳聚糖协同作用时,雨生红球藻的絮凝率达到最大值(97.0%),远远高于二者单独使用时的絮凝率;也缩短了最大絮凝率的时间,仅为90 min,絮凝效果明显提高。SPFC和壳聚糖复合使用可应用于雨生红球藻大规模生产的采收。     

黄孢原毛平革菌BKMF-1767产絮凝剂PCF-1767的絮凝特性及其机理解析

【背景】传统絮凝剂的使用会带来安全和环境污染方面的问题,而微生物絮凝剂具有无毒、无二次污染、易生物降解的优点,因此寻找高效廉价的微生物絮凝剂具有重要意义。【目的】研究黄孢原毛平革菌BKMF-1767产生的胞外多糖絮凝剂的絮凝特性及机理。【方法】使用高岭土进行PCF-1767的絮凝活性测定,分析絮凝剂获取时间、Ca2+浓度、投加量、pH、温度对絮凝效率的影响,并测定PCF-1767的热稳定性。测定絮凝剂的单糖组成、糖苷键连接类型、多糖分子量、Zeta电位变化、对絮体形态观察,探讨了PCF-1767的絮凝机理。【结果】培养6–12 d获得的PCF-1767的絮凝活性良好;7 d絮凝剂要获得较好的絮凝效率至少需加入2 mmol/L Ca2+作为助凝剂,最佳投加浓度为0.75–1.35 mg/L,最适pH为3.0-9.0,对温度高于50°C的废水絮凝活性逐渐降低,经过沸水浴处理3 h后的絮凝活性几乎不变。PCF-1767中多糖的一级结构主要由葡萄糖以→4)Glup(1→的方式连接,多糖分子量随培养时间的延长而增大,变化范围为9.897×105–2.126×106 Da。结合Zeta电位变化与絮体显微图像分析表明其絮凝机理主要为吸附架桥和卷扫作用,而非电荷中和作用。【结论】PCF-1767具有很高絮凝活性,其用量低、适用条件广、热稳定性高,是一种非常具有应用前景的絮凝剂。     

椰子油提取物在絮凝收集栅藻中的应用

椰子油提取物作为絮凝剂已广泛用于污水处理。为了进一步探究天然椰子油提取物在收集栅藻中的应用,以期开发一种天然无毒害作用的絮凝剂,本文中,笔者考察椰子油提取物浓度、体系p H、静置时间、搅拌时间及搅拌转速对絮凝收集栅藻的影响,并比较了天然椰子油提取物絮凝剂与几种传统化学絮凝剂收集藻液的效果。结果表明:椰子油提取物质量浓度为0.04 g/L、体系p H为3、静置时间15 min、搅拌时间2 min、搅拌速率150 r/min时,絮凝收集栅藻效果最优,收集率达到97.3%。此外,椰子油提取物的收集效果不差于化学絮凝剂,同时具备了天然环保无毒害的优点,具备一定的应用前景。     

微藻细胞油脂含量的快速检测方法

以斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus JNU20)为实验材料,采用尼罗红(NR)荧光光谱法和傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR)测定该藻细胞中的油脂含量。研究结果表明NR的最佳染色条件为:染色前微波处理40 s,二甲基亚砜体积分数1%, NR最终质量浓度1.5 μg/ml,染色时间5 min,染色温度40℃。比较了NR荧光光谱法、FTIR与传统重量法测定的该藻在不同时相的油脂积累情况,利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察了细胞中油体形成的动态过程。实验结果表明NR荧光光谱法、FTIR与传统重量法测定的结果显著相关(R²=0.9258, R²=0.9844),但NR荧光光谱法和FTIR更简便快速,研究结果为规模化筛选高含油量藻株及跟踪产油微藻油脂积累过程奠定了基础。     

钛酸盐纳米材料介导下微藻净化生活污水的效应

为研究钛酸盐纳米材料(TNTs)介导下微藻对生活污水的处理效应,设置不同的TNTs添加方式与5种微藻协同处理生活污水,比较不同藻种和处理方式下叶绿素的光化学效率和光合色素含量,筛选优势藻种和高效处理方式。结果表明, TNTs能够显著加强微藻对生活污水的处理效果。在添加TNTs后, 5种微藻细胞均出现团聚现象,叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素的含量均有所上升。微藻对生活污水的处理效果均在TNTs介导2d后最好,斜生四链藻(Tetradesmus obliquus)对COD和NH₃-N的去除率最高,达到95.00%和88.62%;普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)对TN的去除率最高,达到95.00%;四尾栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda)对TP的去除率最高,达到79.43%。与微藻单独处理相比, TNTs添加显著提升了污染物的降解率(>10%)和微藻除污率(>5%)。TNTs介导在微藻深度处理生活污水中具有一定的应用前景。     

三种絮凝剂对球等鞭金藻絮凝作用

以3种絮凝剂对等鞭金藻的采收效果及其对藻体的影响为研究目标,以分光光度法、重量法以及显微镜观测为主要研究方法,测定了絮凝剂对藻细胞的絮凝效率、藻体总脂含量的影响以及藻细胞形态变化。结果表明:氯化铁和明矾的絮凝速率最快(<4h);氯化铁浓度≥20mg.L-1,明矾浓度≥80mg.L-1时,可以絮凝沉淀90%以上藻体;比较藻体的损伤程度和总脂产率发现,明矾浓度为80mg.L-1时,藻体总脂产率的最高,达29.9%,并且对细胞伤害最小;可采用80mg.L-1明矾作为絮凝剂对球等鞭金藻进行采收,为生物柴油制备生产提供基础原料。     

pH诱导絮凝-气浮收获雨生红球藻研究

为提高雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)收获效率,文章发现一种通过pH调控诱导雨生红球藻絮凝-气浮收获方法。通过与自然沉降对比发现,在不添加混凝药剂的情况下,调节藻液的pH可以诱导雨生红球藻细胞自发团聚形成絮体,显著提高其沉降或气浮收获效率。pH小于3或大于11.5时,气浮可在2min内实现95%左右的收获效率,而自然沉降则需要30min,才能达到80%—90%的收获效率。气浮收获后的生物质含固率要显著高于沉降收获,当初始浓度为3.2 g/L时, pH诱导絮凝-气浮收获后的雨生红球藻生物质含固率可达到17%,实现了53倍浓缩。另外,与化学混凝剂(硫酸铝)和生物混凝剂(壳聚糖)混凝-气浮对比发现, pH诱导絮凝-气浮不仅可以实现传统药剂混凝-气浮的高收获效率,还可以有效避免混凝剂对生物质的污染(如金属离子残留等),且不会对雨生红球藻中虾青素提取产生影响。因此, pH调控诱导絮凝-气浮可以实现雨生红球藻的快速、高效和无污染收获,为雨生红球藻的收获提供新的解决方案。     

最新专利文摘

CN102485889A紫外诱变获得的栅藻属微藻突变株及其应用本发明公开了一种栅藻属微藻突变株的方法。该菌株是由野生型栅藻属微藻0301A通过紫外诱变而获得的,是生长速度更快、产油量更高和/(或)虾青素产量更高的突变株。本发明还涉及野生型栅藻属微藻0301A及其突变株在生产生物柴油、处理污水、生产虾青素、生产鱼虾饵料或家禽家畜饲料和固定CO2中的     

利用絮凝进行微藻采收的研究进展

微藻可生产不饱和脂肪酸及色素等多种高附加值产品,同时也可用来生产可再生清洁能源如生物柴油等,具有良好的应用前景。但是,目前微藻细胞的采收成本高居不下,已成为限制微藻生物技术大规模应用的重要因素之一。与其他方法相比,絮凝采收成本低、操作简便,是很有应用前景的采收方法。本文综述了国内外利用化学絮凝、物理絮凝及生物絮凝等方法对不同微藻细胞进行采收的研究,重点对生物絮凝方法进行了总结。利用微生物絮凝剂及微藻细胞的自絮凝进行微藻生物量的回收,是微藻采收技术中环境友好、低成本和行之有效的新方法之一。     

温度及pH对自絮凝小球藻JSC-7生长的影响（英文）

微藻是可广泛用于健康食品及水产养殖的饵料,同时,微藻细胞内积累的油脂可作为可再生生物燃料,因此微藻的生长和代谢受到广泛关注。温度和pH对微藻的生物量积累有很大影响,考察不同温度和pH条件下微藻细胞的生长有助于寻找最佳的条件进行微藻的培养。自絮凝小球藻JSC-7(Chlorella vulgaris JSC-7)可实现自沉降采收,有利于降低微藻生产成本,优化其生长条件对更好地利用该微藻具有重要意义。考察了温度(22~40℃)及pH(6.0~10.0)对其细胞生长、叶绿素含量和油脂产量的影响。在所选取的温度及pH范围内,JSC-7细胞均可生长,显示该藻种可以适应广泛的温度和pH条件。适合细胞生长的温度依次为31℃28℃35℃25℃,pH依次为7.08.06.0。pH 8.0时生物量和油脂的积累量最多,说明该藻株在弱碱条件下更适合生长和产油。当温度为31℃、pH为7.0时,可获得最高的生长量(OD690=0.941)、叶绿素含量(19 mg/L)及油脂产量(39.07%/克干重)。     

Study on the flocculability of the Arthrobacter sp., an actinomycete resuscitated from the VBNC state

A bioflocculant with high flocculating activity, LC13-SF, produced by strain LC13^T which was in a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state, and which was woken up by Rpf (resuscitation promoting factor), was systematically investigated with regard to its fermentation conditions and flocculating activity. The key parameters influencing the bioflocculant LC13-SF were investigated through measuring the optical density at 660 (OD₆₆₀) of the fermentation liquid and the optical density at 550 (OD₅₅₀) of the centrifugal supernatant. The flocculating efficiency and the Zeta potentials were chosen as the response variables for the study of the flocculating activity. The results showed that the optimal conditions for bioflocculant LC13-SF production were a fermentation time of 72 h, an initial pH of 7.0, a fermentation temperature of 30°C and a shaking speed of 150 r/min. The optimized flocculating process was as follows: a final volume percentage of bioflocculant LC13-SF and 0.5% (w/w) CaCl₂ were 1.5 and 5%, respectively in a 4 g/L Kaolin suspension, and the system pH was adjusted to 8.0. Under these conditions, the flocculating efficiency and the absolute value of the Zeta potential reached 94.83% and 4.37, respectively.     

Production and characteristics of a bioflocculant produced by Bacillus sp. F19

A bioflocculant-producing bacterium isolated from soil was identified as Bacillus sp. and the bioflocculant produced was named MBFF19. Effects of physico-chemical conditions including pH, carbon sources and nitrogen sources on MBFF19 production were studied. Chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant MBFF19 indicated that it was a sugar-protein derivative, composed of neutral sugar (3.6%, w/w), uronic acid (37.0%, w/w), amino sugars (0.5%, w/w) and protein (16.4%, w/w). The two neutral sugar components were mannose and glucose and the molar ratio was 1.2:1. Infrared spectrophotometry analysis revealed that MBFF19 contained carboxyl, hydroxyl and methoxyl groups in its structural. Flocculating properties of bioflocculant MBFF19 was examined using kaolin, activated carbon and fly coal suspension. Cation supplement had no positive effects on the flocculating activity whereas the presence of Fe3+ inhibited flocculation. Influences of pH and bioflocculant dosage on the flocculation were also examined.     

Harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris using a bioflocculant from Paenibacillus sp. AM49

Microbial flocculants for harvesting mass cultured Chlorella vulgaris were screened and that from Paenibacillussp. AM49 was identified as the best. The flocculation efficiency of this bioflocculant increased with the pH within a range of pH 5–11 and was 83%, which was higher than the 72% and 78% produced by aluminum sulfate and polyacrylamide, respectively. The highest flocculation efficiency was with 6.8 mm CaCl₂ as co-flocculant. The bioflocculant from Paenibacillussp. AM49 can be used effectively to harvest C. vulgaris from large-scale cultures.     

Harvest of Scenedesmus sp. with bioflocculant and reuse of culture medium for subsequent high-density cultures

The optimal flocculating conditions for harvesting high-density cultures of Scenedesmus sp. were investigated using inorganic coagulants and the bioflocculant produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa AM49. The flocculated medium as nutrients for subsequent algal cultivation was also tested. Consecutive treatment with 8.5 mM CaCl(2) and 0.2 mM FeCl(3) as coagulants and 1% bioflocculant from the culture broth of P. polymyxa AM49 showed the highest flocculating activity of up to 95% for high density algal cultures. The medium flocculated with the coagulants and bioflocculant showed less than 8% decrease in the growth yield in the subsequent algal cultivation. Furthermore, a 20% or 50% fresh BG11 medium supplement allowed the flocculated medium to maintain a high growth yield in subsequent algal cultivation. These results suggest that the flocculation method presented here is efficient and bio-friendly, and allows the reuse of the flocculated medium, thereby contributing to the economic cultivation and harvest of microalgae.     

絮凝菌株Shinella sp. xn-1对铜绿微囊藻的絮凝效果

【目的】研究絮凝功能细菌xn-1对有害水华藻——铜绿微囊藻的絮凝效果,以期为有害水华的治理提供新的选择。【方法】采用涂布划线法从藻际分离纯化絮凝功能微生物;基于16S r RNA基因序列确定进化地位;通过不同金属离子确定絮凝机制;梯度醇沉法获得絮凝物质;以酶标仪测定絮凝效率。【结果】菌株xn-1确定属于申氏杆菌属(Shinella),且命名为Shinella sp.xn-1。在添加Ca~(2+)作为促凝剂的条件下对铜绿微囊藻表现出高效的絮凝效果,其絮凝效果主要来源于胞外上清,而表现出高效的絮凝效果所需要的胞外上清添加量为3.0%。从胞外上清中获得的絮凝物质以0.5 g/L的添加量作用于藻细胞后表现出高效的絮凝效果,且随着处理时间增加,絮凝团的体积增大。【结论】Shinella sp.xn-1通过分泌胞外絮凝物质对铜绿微囊藻表现出高效的絮凝效果,在絮凝作用下藻细胞聚集在一起形成大体积的絮凝团,该研究有利于治理有害水华。     

Production,Characterization, and Flocculation Mechanism of Cation Independent,pH Tolerant,and Thermally Stable Bioflocculant from Enterobacter sp. ETH-2

Synthetic high polymer flocculants, frequently utilized for flocculating efficiency and low cost, recently have been discovered as producing increased risk to human health and the environment. Development of a more efficient and environmentally sound alternative flocculant agent is investigated in this paper. Bioflocculants are produced by microorganisms and may exhibit a high rate of flocculation activity. The bioflocculant ETH-2, with high flocculating activity (2849 mg Kaolin particle/mg ETH-2), produced by strain Enterobacter sp. isolated from activated sludge, was systematically investigated with regard to its production, characterization, and flocculation mechanism. Analyses of microscopic observation, zeta potential and ETH-2 structure demonstrates the bridging mechanism, as opposed to charge neutralization, was responsible for flocculation of the ETH-2. ETH-2 retains high molecular weight (603 to 1820 kDa) and multi-functional groups (hydroxyl, amide and carboxyl) that contributed to flocculation. Polysaccharides mainly composed of mannose, glucose, and galactose, with a molar ratio of 1∶2.9∶9.8 were identified as the active constituents in bioflocculant. The structure of the long backbone with active sites of polysaccharides was determined as a primary basis for the high flocculation activity. Bioflocculant ETH-2 is cation independent, pH tolerant, and thermally stable, suggesting a potential fit for industrial application.     

Characterization of a compound bioflocculant produced by mixed culture of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhizobium radiobacter</Emphasis> F2 and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus sphaeicus</Emphasis> F6

A compound bioflocculant CBF-F26, produced by mixed culture of Rhizobium radiobacter F2 and Bacillus sphaeicus F6, was investigated with regard to its physicochemical and flocculating properties. It was identified as a polysaccharide bioflocculant composed of rhamnose, mannose, glucose, and galactose, respectively, in a 1.3: 2.1: 10.0: 1.0 molar ratio. The average molecular weight was determined as 4.79 × 10⁵ Da by gel-permeation chromatography. Infrared spectrum and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups in its structure. Thermostability test suggested that CBF-F26 was thermostable and high flocculating activity was maintained. Thermogravimetric property, intrinsic viscosity and surface morphology of CBF-F26 were also studied. CBF-F26 was effective under neutral and weak alkaline conditions (pH 7.0–9.0), and flocculating activities of higher than 90% were obtained in the concentration range of 8–24 mg l⁻¹ at pH 8.0. The flocculation could be stimulated by cations Ca²⁺, Zn²⁺, Fe²⁺, Al³⁺, and Fe³⁺. In addition, the probable flocculation mechanisms were proposed.     

共存碳源对克雷伯氏菌NIII2发酵蔗糖产絮凝剂的影响

研究了共存碳源对克雷伯氏菌NIII2以蔗糖为主要碳源发酵产絮凝剂的影响.实验结果表明:柠檬酸为共存碳源时,克雷伯氏菌NIII2分泌絮凝剂过程中容易产酸,使得絮凝剂的产量和碳源转化率都较低.当丁二酸、乙酸、乳酸为共存碳源时,发酵液pH均高于7.5,絮凝剂产量有所提高,最高可达10.87g/L,碳源转化率也较高,为43.48%.与柠檬酸为共存碳源相比,当投加丁二酸时,克雷伯氏菌NIII2所产微生物絮凝剂中蛋白质与糖含量比值提高了33%,絮凝剂的Zeta电位值由-60.00 mV升高至-28.07 mV,絮凝剂分子粒径广泛分布在0~300μm之间且大粒径分子所占比例增加,聚合度加大,絮凝剂表面形貌呈现结块团状无定型结构,从而提高絮凝剂的活性和性能.该微生物絮凝剂投加量为4.0 mg/L,对2 g/L高岭土的SS去除率可达97.3%.     

Characterization of bioflocculants from biologically aerated filter backwashed sludge and its application in dying wastewater treatment

In this study, the feasibility of bioflocculant extraction from backwashing sludge to reduce its production costs was investigated. Results showed that ultrasound and base treatment could significantly enhance bioflocculant extraction efficiency, however, flocculating activity was affected. It was observed that bioflocculants extracted from sludge of pH 11.0 had no flocculating activity. In contrast, bioflocculants extracted from sludge of pH 5.0, named as M-1, had good flocculating activity. To further study the flocculating activity of M-1, factors such as bioflocculant dosage, temperature and pH of the reaction solution were tested. The optimal conditions were 6.0 mg/l bioflocculant dosage and pH 5.0, at a temperature of 10 °C. Under these conditions, the flocculating rate of kaolin clay was 92.67%. The effectiveness of such bioflocculants in the decolorization of synthetically dyed wastewater was then examined. In flocculating methylene blue and fast blue in aqueous solutions, decolorization efficiency levels were 82.9% and 77.8%, respectively.     

Production and characterization of a bioflocculant by Proteus mirabilis TJ-1

A bioflocculant TJ-F1 with high flocculating activity, produced by strain TJ-1 from a mixed activated sludge, was investigated with regard to its production and characterization. By 16S rDNA sequence and biochemical and physiological characteristics, strain TJ-1 was identified as Proteus mirabilis. The most preferred carbon source, nitrogen source and C/N ratio (w/w) for strain TJ-1 to produce the bioflocculant were found to be glucose, peptone and 10, respectively. TJ-F1 production could be greatly stimulated by cations Ca(2+), Mg(2+) and Fe(3+). The optimal conditions for TJ-F1 production were inoculum size 2 per thousand (v/v), initial pH 7.0, culture temperature 25 degrees C, and shaking speed 130r/min, under which the flocculating activity of the bioflocculant reached 93.13%. About 1.33 g of the purified bioflocculant, whose molecular weight (MW) was 1.2 x 10(5) Da, could be recovered from 1.0 l of fermentation broth. Chemical analysis of bioflocculant TJ-F1 indicated that it contained protein (30.9%, w/w) and acid polysaccharide (63.1%, w/w), including neutral sugar, glucuronic acid and amino sugar as the principal constituents in the relative weight proportions of 8.2:5.3:1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the purified solid-state TJ-F1 showed that it had a crystal-linear structure. Spectroscopic analysis of the bioflocculant by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry indicated the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups preferred for the flocculation process.