非医疗技术因素对门诊患者满意度的调查与分析

?????? 目的 了解门诊患者对于非医疗技术服务的满意度现状,探讨影响门诊患者满意度的非技术因素。方法 对广州市某三甲医院2012年3—6月就诊的208名门诊患者进行问卷调查。结果 与“等候时间”、“诊疗费用”相关的满意度水平显著低于“服务态度”、“环境设施”类,且满意度水平存在着社会人口学差异。结论 医院应注重非医疗技术服务的改进,可从营造舒适就诊环境、加强医患沟通、降低医疗费用及合理门诊布局等方面入手。同时,优化门诊预约服务可有效提高门诊患者满意度。     

门诊患者医疗服务感受度影响因素研究

??????? 目的 了解门诊患者对就医服务感受度影响因素,以期提高患者满意度。 方法 现场问卷调查法、专家访谈法。 结果 患者在门诊过程中最为关注的就诊流程、等候时间、就医环境、医德医风四个因素,非常看重医护人员服务规范,服务流程便捷流畅。病情不同患者对等候时间要求不同,对医院熟悉程度与就诊环境感受度不同。结论 在门诊服务中为患者提供便捷流畅、规范化的服务,同时应注重患者的不同服务需求。     

患方选择医院的主要原因分析

目的 了解患方人群选择医院就诊主要考虑的原因,并分析不同人口学特征所产生的影响。方法 对北京、武汉、成都的6家医疗机构的702名患者进行现场问卷调查。结果 医院的技术水平仍然是他们选择医院就医的首要因素,非技术因素对患方选择医院也具有一定的影响。另外,年龄、生活地区等人口学特征对患方选择医院有一定的影响。结论 全力提高各医疗机构的技术水平,重视医疗非技术因素,提供多样化的医疗服务。     

某三级综合医院专病门诊诊疗工作分析

目的 了解某三级综合医院专病门诊的诊疗工作现状,分析专病门诊患者需求及管理模式的特点。方法 对2008—2011年某三级综合医院专病门诊量进行描述性分析、线性回归分析及相关性分析。结果 加强专病门诊管理有利于提高医疗质量和水平,简化门诊流程,实施疾病全程式规范化管理与治疗,提高门诊医疗服务效率。结论 近年来专病门诊已逐渐成为门诊工作的增长点,为适应学科发展及患者需求,需不断规范对专病门诊的管理与建设。     

不同地区三级医院患者公益性评价比较及影响因素研究

????? 目的 了解不同地区患者对三级公立医院公益性的评价,探究公益性评价的影响因素。方法 通过问卷的形式,在东、中、西3个地区选择在三级医院就诊的患者进行调查, 使用Pearson Chi-square、非参数检验和Logistic回归方法对数据进行分析。 结果 患者对于公立医院的公益性评价存在一定的地区差异,但公益性总体评价的影响因素类似,医疗服务的适宜性和公平性是主要影响因素。结论 加强三级公立医院的公益性应该着重提高医疗服务的适宜性,提高医疗服务的公平性。     

基于患方视角的医患信任现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解城市医院患方信任现状及其影响因素,提出构建医患信任的建议。方法 对北京市3个大型三甲医院进行为期15天的实地观察,并对72位患者进行定性访谈,分析患方对医方信任的现状及影响因素。结果 患者对城市大医院信任评价得分为（4.20±0.65）分,影响医患信任的因素主要是医生技术和态度,医院规章制度、就诊流程等医院管理因素以及医保制度、医院补偿机制等政策因素。结论 提高医患信任可通过加强医患沟通、优化就诊流程、完善医保制度、推进公立医院补偿机制改革等途径。

     

农村患者医疗费用变化影响因素分析

目的 描述农村患者医疗费用变动的影响因素,探寻控制医疗费用不合理增长的有效措施。方法 以两个特大型城市的两个区为例,采用描述统计方法,分析农村患者医疗费用的主要影响因素。结果 参加合作医疗的农民在不同级别医院间的就诊流向对次均医疗费用影响较大。结论 应提高农村基层医疗机构的服务能力,加强对定点医疗机构的监管,以控制农村患者医疗费用的过快上涨。     

我国农村居民医疗服务就诊偏好研究

目的 了解农村居民对门诊与住院及县乡两级医疗机构的就诊偏好,为引导医疗资源下沉与居民合理就医提供依据。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取12个样本乡镇,收集居民2014年医疗服务利用的数据,运用Microsoft Office Excel 2010筛选处理数据,采用描述性统计以及χ²检验比较就诊偏好的人口学分布及特征。结果 农村居民仅利用门诊、仅利用住院的比例分别为74.83%、15.92%;仅在乡、仅在县就诊的比例分别为44.65%、41.49%;不同地区、性别、年龄的居民对门诊或住院、乡级或县级机构的偏好不同（均P＜0.05）;农村居民在不同级别医疗机构就诊时对门诊或住院的偏好也不同（P＜0.05）,14.51%的居民存在只在县级医院且只住院的偏好。结论 我国各地区农村居民对医疗服务的利用存在偏好,男性和少儿偏向于在乡级医疗机构就诊,女性和老年人偏好住院且以县级医院为主,就诊偏好显示农村居民对医疗服务的利用存在不合理现象。     

农村居民年度门诊服务利用聚集性及特征分布

目的 了解农村居民年度门诊服务利用量的聚集性,明确高门诊服务利用人群的特征。 方法 抽取2012—2014年麻城市新农合居民门诊服务利用数据,采用Excel 2010对数据进行筛选合并、SPSS22.0对数据进行分析。 结果 农村居民门诊服务利用率为52.57%,人均门诊量为3.9次;其中43%左右的患者利用了81.7%的门诊服务;2012—2014年麻城市农村居民卫生服务利用基尼系数分别为0.532、0.533、0.527;在个体因素对门诊服务利用影响中,高门诊服务利用占比最高的因素为女性（5.3%）、老年人（8.6%）、平原地形（7.1%）、省道穿过地区（7.2%）、家庭住址距离医疗机构10 km内（5.4%）、家庭规模为1～2人（6.8%）。 结论 农村居民门诊服务利用量聚集性高,农村居民门诊服务利用聚集性受居民人群特征、地理交通条件、医疗服务质量等因素影响,提高居民健康意识、医疗服务质量与可及性是改善农村居民门诊服务利用聚集性的有效途径。     

自回归移动平均模型在医疗服务需求预测中的应用

目的 拟合医疗服务需求时间序列资料的预测模型。方法 采用自回归移动平均模型对出院人次进行模型拟合。结果 模型拟合得到的最优模型为一阶自回归移动平均模型,模型预测2020年某市三甲医院的出院总人次将为93.88万人次。结论 自回归移动平均模型适用于出院总人次时间序列模型拟合,预测结果显示,在没有外来干预因素影响的情况下,三甲医院出院总人次将会延续2009年以前的上升趋势继续上涨。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

2017年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2017年中国植物科学继续保持高速发展态势, 重大成果频出, 具体表现在中国植物学家在国际顶级学术期刊发表的文章数量平稳上升。中国植物科学领域的研究工作者成果精彩纷呈, 如新型广谱抗病机制的发现、水稻广谱抗病遗传基础及机制和疫霉菌诱发病害成灾机制研究等。2017年中国生命科学领域十大进展评选中, 有两项植物科学领域的研究成果入选。水稻生物学、进化与基因组学和激素生物学等领域学科发展突出。另外, 值得一提的是, 长期从事高等植物与代谢途径调控分子网络研究和水稻品种设计育种的李家洋院士的研究成果“水稻高产优质性状形成的分子机理及品种设计”荣获2017年国家自然科学一等奖。这一具有重大国际影响的开创性贡献标志着中国植物科学在该领域的国际科学前沿居于引领和卓越地位。该文对2017年中国本土科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了系统梳理, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域发展的最新前沿动态, 与广大读者共同分享我国科学家所取得的辉煌成就。     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望。     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义.综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望.     

Changes in aquatic vegetation in Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace in relation to disturbance

Abstract. Changes are described in aquatic vegetation in oligotrophic, groundwater-fed Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace (eastern France), resulting from disturbance. Disturbance factors include changes in nutrients, either permanent ones - effluent from a waste water treatment plant or trout hatcheries - or periodic ones: flooding. Regular inputs of high levels of phosphate and ammonia modified the macrophyte vegetation in these streams. The floristic composition, which was characteristic of oligotrophic waters upstream of the eutrophicated sector, changed to that of a eutrophic situation as originally found downstream. Periodic disturbance by floods which normally occur once a year, irregularly eutrophicates the small streams, causing the development of a mixture of eutrophic and oligotrophic species. Six macrophyte communities are distinguished, indicating different trophic levels. The aquatic vegetation is adapted to the variations of phosphate and ammonia levels. Hence, aquatic macrophytes can be used as bio-indicators of fluctuations in water nutrient levels in relation to the type of disturbance.     

Apoptosis in experimental myocardial infarction in situ and in the perfused heart in vitro

We report the appearance of apoptotic cells in experimental myocardial infarction (rabbit heart) in in situ and in vitro preparations. Apoptosis was recognized by intravital staining with Hoechst 33342 (Ho342), by nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and by DNA laddering. A steady rise in the relative number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (apoptotic index) was noted in in situ preparations. Apoptosis was first noted 6 h after the onset of ischemia with its highest value occurring after 72 h. Apoptotic nuclei were absent in remote areas of the left and right ventricles. Apoptotic nuclei within the infarcted area showed diminished intensity of Ho342 fluorescence. Three days after ischemia, a border zone adjacent to the infarcted area consisting of apoptotic macrophages was recognized. A novel finding was the appearance of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in the isolated perfused ischemic heart. Occurring as early as 50 min after the onset of ischemia, a high apoptotic index was present adjacent to the ligature placed around the coronary artery. This observation provides the opportunity to selectively examine factors leading to apoptosis in the ischemic heart under controlled experimental conditions.     

Morphine-potentiated platelet aggregation in in vitro and platelet plug formation in in vivo experiments

The detailed mechanisms underlying morphine-signaling pathways in platelets remain obscure. Therefore, we systematically examined the influence of morphine on washed human platelets. In this study, washed human platelet suspensions were used for in vitro studies. Furthermore, platelet thrombus formation induced by irradiation of mesenteric venules with filtered light in mice pretreated with fluorescein sodium was used for an in vivo thrombotic study. Morphine concentration dependently (0.6, 1, and 5 microM) potentiated platelet aggregation and the ATP release reaction stimulated by agonists (i.e., collagen and U46619) in washed human platelets. Yohimbine (0.1 microM), a specific alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, markedly abolished the potentiation of morphine in platelet aggregation stimulated by agonists. Morphine also potentiated phosphoinositide breakdown and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization in human platelets stimulated by collagen (1 microg/ml). Moreover, morphine (0.6-5 microM) markedly inhibited prostaglandin E(1) (10 microM)-induced cyclic AMP formation in human platelets, while yohimbine (0.1 microM) significantly reversed the inhibition of cyclic AMP by morphine (0.6 and 1 microM) in this study. The thrombin-evoked increase in pH(i) was markedly potentiated in the presence of morphine (1 and 5 microM). Morphine (2 and 5 mg/g) significantly shortened the time require to induce platelet plug formation in mesenteric venules. We concluded that morphine may exert its potentiation in platelet aggregation by binding to alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in human platelets, with a resulting inhibition of adenylate cyclase, thereby reducing intracellular cyclic AMP formation followed by increased activation of phospholipase C and the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger. This leads to increased intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, and finally potentiation of platelet aggregation and of the ATP release reaction.