四川横断山绒茧蜂属一新种(膜翅目:茧蜂科)

本文记述采自四川横断山脉的绒茧蜂属一新种。正模和配模标本保存在湖南农学院昆虫标本室,副模标本分别保存在湖南农学院昆虫标本室和西昌农业专科学校植保教研 背刺蛾绒虽蜂Apanteles belippicola新种 雌峰 体黑色,有白色微毛。上颚褐色,下颚须乳白色;后足胫距淡黄或灰白色;除前、中、后足基节黑色,后足腿节末端、后足胫节端部三分之一,各足跗节为褐色(跗节基节基部色浅)外,各足其余部分均为黄色;前翅前缘脉、翅痣、痣后脉均为褐色,其余脉为浅褐     

中国绒茧蜂属Apanteles Foerster四新种(膜翅目:茧蜂科)

1.樟巢螟绒茧蜂Apanteles locastrae You et Tong,新种(图1) 雌 体黑色。触角、各足基节、后足转节、腿节、胫节端部3/4、跗节、腹部、产卵管鞘黑色;下颚须基节、翅痣褐色,下颚须2—5节浅黄;前足转节、腿节基部1/4,中足转节、腿节基部3/4、胫节端部1/2,前缘脉、痣后脉、翅痣边缘暗褐色;足的其余部分和产卵管黄褐色,后足胫距白色;翅基片黑褐色。     

夜蛾科一新属新种(鳞翅目)

本文报道夜蛾科切根夜蛾亚科一新属新种。模式标本存中国科学院动物研究所。 京夜蛾属Jingia,新属 属征 雌 喙发达,下唇须斜向前伸,第三节小;额突起微呈球面形,其下方有一角质片状突起;眼大,圆形,无纤毛或睫毛;胸部被毛及少许鳞片;前足胫节短宽,端部内侧有一粗而短的爪;中足胫节端部有刺,后足胫节无刺;前翅稍窄,翅尖较尖,外缘斜直,8、9脉共柄,与10脉合成一副室;后翅翅脉三岔型,6、7脉共柄。     

中国新疆蝗属一新种(直翅目,蝗科,大足蝗亚科)(英文)

记述新疆蝗属1新种,黄胫新疆蝗Xinjiangacris flavitibis sp. nov.。新种近似于红胫新疆蝗Xinjiangacris rufitibisZheng,1993,但区别于后者为:前翅超过后足股节顶端;肘脉域宽为中脉域宽的3倍:后足股节下侧黄色后足胫节黄褐色。模式模本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室。     

池沼、稻田中水生昆虫(成虫)的识别

在昆虫采集中,用水网在池沼、稻田中捞捕水生昆虫,常见的主要是鞘翅目和半翅目少数科(属),且一般可用肉眼观察鉴定其性状和生态特征,使用下列简易检索表不难识别,种名可依其科(属)名称呼也是允许的。 1(8)前翅角质,其内缘在体背中央合成中缝,后翅膜质。(鞘翅目) 2(3)中足和后足特别扁短,整形(图A);常在水面作快速旋转游泳………………………………………豉甲科Gyrinidae (常见为鼓甲属Dineutus) 3(2)中、后足不如上述;无回旋游泳习性。 4(5)触角短,不超过9节,端部3-4节膨大且具绒毛。常潜水中,不时露头呼吸…………水龟虫科(牙(?)科)ydrophilidae(常见为水龟虫属Hydrophilus) 5(4)触角细长,10-11节,端部不膨大且无毛,常栖水底。 6(7)后足粗扁,有长毛如刷(图B);后足基节正常………………龙虱科Dytiscidae (常见为龙虱属Cyhister) 7(6)后足细长,无刷状长缘毛;后足基节成平板状(图C),盖住大部腹部………………………………沼梭科Haliplidae     

中国三节叶蜂科分类研究I.扁胫三节叶蜂亚科一新属二新种(膜翅目)(英文)

东亚地区三节叶蜂科已经记载１０属约８０种,本文是中国三节叶蜂科系统分类研究之一,报道扁胫叶蜂亚科一新属：刺背叶蜂属Ｓｐｉｎａｒｇｅ,ｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．以四川刺背叶蜂Ｓｐｉｎａｒｇｅｓｉｃｈｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．为模式种,另外还包括刘氏刺背叶蜂Ｓｐｉｎａｒｇｅｌｉｕｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。新种的模式标本保存于中南林学院环境与资源系昆虫标本室。新属与中华三节叶蜂属ＳｉｎａｒｇｅＦｏｒｓｉｕｓ和似三节叶蜂属ＣｉｂｄｅｌａＫｏｎｏｗ近似,但新属中足胫节具亚端距,雄虫腹部第５背板具性沟和长突,与此二属以及扁胫叶蜂亚科已知各属均不同;此外,新属的胫节端距尖锐,后翅近基部无Ｃｕ－ａ脉,锯鞘背面具洼区,体金属兰色等与中华三节叶蜂属不同;雌虫触角仅等长于头宽,末端最宽,复眼小,内缘直,间距宽于眼高,后头膨大,前翅Ｒ＋Ｍ脉短于Ｓｃ脉等不同于似三节叶蜂属。此新属所包括的２新种的区别参见检索表。     

中国黄足毒蛾属记述(鳞翅目:毒蛾科)

黄足毒蛾属(lvela Swinhoe,1903)隶于毒蛾科(Lymantriidae)。模式种为lvelaauripes(Butler)。属征:下唇须细弱向前,第三节微小;后足胫节有一对距,前足跗节第一节短于胫节,爪腹面有齿;翅宽,被鳞片,翅基部有少量毛;前翅无径室,R_1、R_2脉起于中室前缘,R_3、R_4和R_5脉共柄,共柄长,起于中室上角,R_5比R_3脉接近中室,M_1脉起于中室上角,但与R_3 R_4 R_5脉分离,不起于一点;M_2脉接近中室横脉下端分出,M_3     

中国鳞纹天蛾属一新种(鳞翅目:天蛾科)

六斑鳞纹天蛾Acosmeryx huangshana Meng,新种 雄:体长34.5毫米,翅展68.5毫米。体棕褐色。触角背面棕色,腹面黄褐,纤毛灰白色,中部较粗,向端部渐细,弯钩数节极细。下唇须末节端部略超过头顶,第一节外侧白色,余为赤褐色并杂以灰鳞。头顶棕褐色。颈片及肩片鳞毛褐色。胸部棕褐色。足深褐色,腿节具长而密的黄褐色鳞毛,中、后足胫节至第一跗节的外侧有白色鳞毛,中、后足胫节上的一对端距长度不等,长距约为短距之二倍。前翅棕褐色,外缘较平直,亚外缘线棕黑色,自顶角后方呈弧形延伸至M_3脉端部终止;顶角附近R_4及R_5脉端部     

中国三节叶蜂属一新种(膜翅目,三节叶蜂科)

记述采自中国辽宁的三节叶蜂科1新种:Arge reversinervis sp.nov.。新种隶属于三节叶蜂属rustica-metallica种团,并与分布于日本的Arge abelivora Okutani近似,但新种触角亚端部强烈膨大,腹部和后足股节全部黑色,腹部背板具明显的微细刻纹,后足胫节基部4/5黄白色,各足基跗节大部浅褐色,OOL∶POL∶OCL=18∶11∶8 ,前翅C脉背侧大部暗褐色,R M脉几乎等长于Rs脉第1段, 2Rs室上缘显著短于下缘。新种后头强烈膨大,前翅2Rs室上缘显著短于下缘,腹部背板具明显刻纹,颜面具中纵脊,体具铜色光泽,可与同属已知各种鉴别。模式标本保存于中南林业科技大学模式昆虫标本室。     

中国树螽亚科三新种(直翅目:螽蟖科)

本文记述树螽亚科Pseudophyllinae 3新种:并脉翡螽Phyllomimus Coalitus、长腹突效绯螽Phyllozelus dolichostyluz和胫突瘤螽Tegrolcinia mirotibialis。模式标本均保存在中国科学院上海昆虫研究所。     

Latest occurrences of the Mesozoic family Elcanidae (Insecta: Orthoptera), in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar and Spain

Mesozoic orthopterans of the family Elcanidae are reported (as nymphs) in amber, from the latest Albian-Cenomanian of northern Myanmar and the Albian of northern Spain. Four distinct new species in two new genera occur, Burmelcana longirostris n. gen, n. sp. in amber from Myanmar and Hispanelcana arilloi n. gen, n. sp., H. alavensis n. sp. and H. lopezvallei n. sp. from Spanish amber. Detailed preservation reveals the fine structure of the tibial spurs and spines that are so distinctive to Elcanidae, as well as details of the abdominal styli, cerci, tarsomeres, and mouthparts. Elcanidae and their stem group, Permelcanidae, are known from the Early Permian to the Early Cretaceous (Aptian), so the amber fossils represent the latest known occurrence of this clade.     

Fossil bee nests,coleopteran pupal chambers and tuffaceous paleosols from the Late Cretaceous Laguna Palacios Formation,Central Patagonia (Argentina)

The Late Cretaceous Laguna Palacios Formation in Central Patagonia (San Jorge Basin), southern South America, is composed of tuffaceous deposits supplied by periodical volcanic ash falls partly reworked by rivers, on broad plains. Variations in ash-fall rates allowed the formation of stacked, mature paleosols, which are one of the most characteristic features of this formation. The mature paleosols show well-developed horizons, ped structure and bear an intricate network of trace fossils mostly produced by small roots and invertebrates. Two different insect trace fossils could be recognized in this formation: sweat bee nests and coleopteran pupal chambers. Fossil bee nests are composed of inclined tunnels with cells attached to them by means of short necks, a typical construction of bees of the subfamily Halictinae. Similar halictine constructions were reported from the Cretaceous of the USA. Coleopteran pupal chambers are discrete, ovoid structures, having an internal cavity with a smooth surface, and an outer wall of lumpy appearance composed of different layers of soil material. They are commonly constructed by the larvae of different families of Coleoptera. Similar trace fossils were previously reported from the Asencio Formation (Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary) of Uruguay and from the Djadokhta Formation of Mongolia (Late Cretaceous). These trace fossils constitute some of the only paleontological data from the Laguna Palacios Formation, allowing inferences about its paleoecology, paleoclimatology and paleogeography. Ecological preferences of Halictinae, as well as some features of the nests, suggest a temperate, seasonal climate and an environment dominated by low vegetation for the Laguna Palacios Formation, which is also compatible with sedimentologic and pedogenic evidence. The morphology of the nests, typical of North American halictinae, adds more evidence to the hypothesis of the existence of faunal interchange between North and South America by the Late Cretaceous. The fossil nests constitute some of the oldest evidence of bees in the fossil record, the third known record of bees of Cretaceous age and the first for the Southern Hemisphere. The two traces described are, together with those of Dakota and the Gobi Desert, the only trace fossils from paleosols of Cretaceous age that can be certainly attributed to insects.     

A New Hadrosauroid Dinosaur from the Early Late Cretaceous of Shanxi Province,China

Background

The origin of hadrosaurid dinosaurs is far from clear, mainly due to the paucity of their early Late Cretaceous close relatives. Compared to numerous Early Cretaceous basal hadrosauroids, which are mainly from Eastern Asia, only six early Late Cretaceous (pre-Campanian) basal hadrosauroids have been found: three from Asia and three from North America.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Here we describe a new hadrosauroid dinosaur, Yunganglong datongensis gen. et sp. nov., from the early Late Cretaceous Zhumapu Formation of Shanxi Province in northern China. The new taxon is represented by an associated but disarticulated partial adult skeleton including the caudodorsal part of the skull. Cladistic analysis and comparative studies show that Yunganglong represents one of the most basal Late Cretaceous hadrosauroids and is diagnosed by a unique combination of features in its skull and femur.

Conclusions/Significance

The discovery of Yunganglong adds another record of basal Hadrosauroidea in the early Late Cretaceous, and helps to elucidate the origin and evolution of Hadrosauridae.     

我国中生代的Margaritiferidae和它的演化

对我国中生代珍珠蚌科内的属、种进行了较系统的修订，归并了１科、１亚属、１０种，并据这些属、种纵向、横向的分布情况及其壳形、壳饰、内部构造等特征，进一步探讨了它们的起源和演化规律。     

Cretaceous coleopteran larva fed on a female fructification of extinct gymnosperm

A fossil coleopteran larva was found in a permineralized female fructification of a new extinct gymnosperm from the Late Cretaceous of Japan. The fossil provides the firstin situ evidence that the insects used some gymnosperm fructification as foods as well as pupation sites before they started using angiosperm fruits.     

内蒙古乌拉乌苏的陆龟属皮骨化石

本文记述了内蒙古乌拉乌苏始新世晚期陆龟属(Testudo)的皮骨(dermal osslcles)化石,包括足部的和尾部的。前者我国曾有记录,后者则是首次发现。结合皮骨,文中还探讨了几个有关问题。     

江汉盆地渔洋组上部的古新世孢粉组合

20世纪70至80年代,几乎所有关于江汉盆地跑马岗组和渔洋组的古生物文献都将其时代确定为晚白垩世。李伟同在深入地研究了跑马岗组标准剖面上的轮藻化石后提出跑马岗组大部分属于古新统。取自层位与跑马岗组相当的渔洋组上段上部的岩芯样品经分析后获得了丰富的孢粉化石。这一组合总的面貌与王大宁等获得的晚白垩世渔洋组的第三组合区别明显,而与古近纪的新沟嘴组的第四组合相似处很多。在该孢粉植物群中,常见于当地的晚白垩世分子,如希指蕨孢属、克拉梭粉属、江汉粉属、刺参粉属、鹰粉属等没有或极少见到。而在本组合常见的南岭粉属、五边粉属、漆树粉属等多出现在我国南方古新世地层中。因此,其时代很有可能为古新世。如果是这样,渔洋组上部有可能跨越了白垩系和古近系界线。从当前孢粉植物群含有很多亚热带成分以及麻黄粉属以及胡颓子粉属、忍冬粉属等看,它反映了江汉盆地当时偏干旱的亚热带气候。     

A well-preserved aneuretopsychid from the Jehol Biota of China (Insecta, Mecoptera, Aneuretopsychidae)

The Aneuretopsychidae is an unspeciose and enigmatic family of long-proboscid insects that presently consist of one known genus and three species from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of north-central Asia. In this paper, a new genus and species of fossil aneuretopsychid is described and illustrated, Jeholopsyche liaoningensisgen. et sp. n. Fossils representing this new taxon were collected from mid Early Cretaceous strata of the well known Jehol Biota in Liaoning Province, China. This finding documents the first formal record of fossil Aneuretopsychidae in China. In addition, this well-preserved and new material reveals previously unknown and detailed morphological structure of the mouthparts, antennae, head, thorax, legs and abdomen of this distinctive insect lineage.     

Early penguin fossils, plus mitochondrial genomes, calibrate avian evolution

Testing models of macroevolution, and especially the sufficiency of microevolutionary processes, requires good collaboration between molecular biologists and paleontologists. We report such a test for events around the Late Cretaceous by describing the earliest penguin fossils, analyzing complete mitochondrial genomes from an albatross, a petrel, and a loon, and describe the gradual decline of pterosaurs at the same time modern birds radiate. The penguin fossils comprise four naturally associated skeletons from the New Zealand Waipara Greensand, a Paleocene (early Tertiary) formation just above a well-known Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary site. The fossils, in a new genus (Waimanu), provide a lower estimate of 61-62 Ma for the divergence between penguins and other birds and thus establish a reliable calibration point for avian evolution. Combining fossil calibration points, DNA sequences, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analysis, the penguin calibrations imply a radiation of modern (crown group) birds in the Late Cretaceous. This includes a conservative estimate that modern sea and shorebird lineages diverged at least by the Late Cretaceous about 74 +/- 3 Ma (Campanian). It is clear that modern birds from at least the latest Cretaceous lived at the same time as archaic birds including Hesperornis, Ichthyornis, and the diverse Enantiornithiformes. Pterosaurs, which also coexisted with early crown birds, show notable changes through the Late Cretaceous. There was a decrease in taxonomic diversity, and small- to medium-sized species disappeared well before the end of the Cretaceous. A simple reading of the fossil record might suggest competitive interactions with birds, but much more needs to be understood about pterosaur life histories. Additional fossils and molecular data are still required to help understand the role of biotic interactions in the evolution of Late Cretaceous birds and thus to test that the mechanisms of microevolution are sufficient to explain macroevolution.     

Cretaceous diversification of angiosperms in the western part of the Iberian Peninsula

The classic leaf fossil floras from the Cretaceous of the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal, which were first described more than one hundred years ago, have played an important role in the development of ideas on the early evolution of angiosperms. Insights into the nature of vegetational change in the Lusitanian Basin through the Cretaceous have also come from studies of fossil pollen and spores, but the discovery of a series of mesofossil floras containing well-preserved angiosperm reproductive structures has provided a new basis for understanding the systematic relationships and biology of angiosperms at several stratigraphic levels through the Cretaceous. In the earliest mesofossil floras from the Torres Vedras locality, which are of probable Late Barremian-Early Aptian age, angiosperms are surprisingly diverse with about 50 different taxa. In slightly later mesofossil floras, which are of probable Late Aptian-Early Albian age, the diversity of angiosperms is still more substantial with more than hundred different kinds of angiosperm reproductive structures recognized from the Famalicão locality alone. However, this early diversity is largely among angiosperm lineages that produced monoaperturate pollen (e.g., Chloranthaceae, Nymphaeales) and early diverging monocots (Alismatales). Eudicots are rare in these Early Cretaceous mesofossil floras, but already by the Late Cenomanian the vegetation of the western Iberian Peninsula is dominated by angiosperms belonging to various groups of core eudicots. The Normapolles complex is a particularly conspicuous element in both mesofossil floras and in palynological assemblages. In the Late Cretaceous mesofossil floras from Esgueira and Mira, which are of Campanian-Maastrichtian age, core eudicots are also floristically dominant and flowers show great organisational similarity to fossil flowers from other Late Cretaceous floras described from other localities in Asia, Europe and North America.