重组人纤维蛋白片段诱导CIK的增殖及对肺癌耐顺铂细胞的杀伤作用

为探讨重组人纤维蛋白片段(RetroNectin)对CIK(Cytokine-induced killer cells)细胞活化、增殖的影响及CIK细胞的免疫学特性和对肺癌耐药细胞DDP-A549 (DDP: Cisplatin)的杀伤作用。提取健康人外周血中单个核细胞, Ⅰ组细胞接种于前一天用RetroNectin和CD3MAb包被好的培养瓶中, Ⅱ组接种于单独用CD3MAb包被好的培养瓶中, 接种当天加入IFN-γ, 第二天加入IL-2诱导CIK细胞。细胞计数法测定CIK细胞的增殖,并绘制细胞生长曲线, MTT法测定细胞杀伤活性,流式细胞术分析细胞表型。扫描电镜和透射电镜下观察CIK细胞对DDP-A549的杀伤和DDP-A549细胞的改变。RetroNectin对CIK细胞有很强的激活作用, 可使其细胞增殖总数达524.77倍, 其主要效应细胞CD3+CD56+可达(31.40±1.91)%; 对肺癌耐顺铂细胞DDP-A549的杀伤作用明显高于其亲代药物敏感株A549(P<0.01)。但两组CIK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤率在相同效靶比时无明显差异(P>0.05)。RetroNectin能显著增强CIK增殖活性, 但对CIK细胞的杀伤活性并无明显影响。CIK能够显著抑制DDP-A549的生长, 可用于耐顺铂肺腺癌的免疫治疗。     

DC 与CIK细胞治疗难治复发急性髓细胞白血病的近期临床观察

目的：评估自体DC与CIK 细胞治疗难治复发急性髓细胞白血病的近期疗效与安全性。方法：给予20 例难治复发急性髓细 胞白血病患者树突状细胞(DC)与细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK)治疗,20 例难治复发的应用同样化疗方案的急性髓细胞白血病 患者做为对照组;治疗后4 周观察两组患者临床疗效和生存质量(KPS)评分,DC 与CIK 细胞治疗前和治疗后1 周检测T细胞亚 群(CD3+、CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD8+、CD3+CD56+)和细胞因子(IL-12、IL-2、IL-7、IFN-酌及TNF-琢)水平的变化。结果：①DC 与CIK 细胞 治疗组有效率和KPS评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05),所有患者的不良反应轻微,均可耐受。②DC 与CIK 细胞治疗后1 周,患者T 细胞亚群百分比和细胞因子含量较治疗前均明显升高,其中CD3+、CD3+CD56+及IL-12、IL-7 明显升高(P<0.05)。结论：DC与CIK 细胞免疫治疗难治复发急性髓细胞白血病安全有效。     

自体CIK细胞联合化疗治疗老年急性白血病的临床疗效评估

目的:探讨自体细胞因子诱导杀伤(CIK)细胞联合化疗方案治疗老年急性白血病的临床疗效。方法:采集6例在我院进行化疗治疗的老年急性白血病患者的静脉血制备自体CIK细胞,成熟后回输入体内,持续注射10天为一个疗程。观察培养前和培养13天后白细胞各亚型细胞所占百分比,并比较CIK细胞回输前后患者白细胞亚群、感染次数及输血量的变化。结果:培养后CD3~+、CD8~+、CD3~+CD8~+、CD3~+CD56~+亚型细胞百分比均显著高于培养前(P0.05),CIK细胞回输后患者体内CD3~+、CD3~+CD8~+、CD3~+CD56~+亚群细胞百分比显著高于回输前(P0.05);CIK细胞回输后,患者感染次数和持续时间均显著少于回输前(P0.05),疾病稳定期输血量显著低于回输前(P0.05),疾病进展期输血量与回输前差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:自体CIK细胞联合化疗治疗老年急性白血病患者有效且安全,可维持病情的稳定、提高机体细胞免疫功能和抗感染能力,值得临床推广。     

不同化疗方案联合手术治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效及对患者免疫功能的影响分析

目的:探讨分析不同化疗方案联合手术治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效以及对患者免疫功能的影响。方法:经病理学证实的非小细胞肺癌患者94例,随机数字表法将其分为顺铂组与洛铂组,各47例。2组患者均采取手术治疗,并术前行辅助化疗。其中顺铂组采取紫杉醇+顺铂方案,洛铂组接受紫杉醇+洛铂方案。比较治疗前后2组患者临床疗效及KPS评分,并对Ig A、Ig G、Ig M、CD4+及CD8+指标水平进行分析。结果:洛铂组有效率(CR+PR)为87.2%(41/47),与顺铂组[80.8%(38/47)]差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。洛铂组术后KPS评分及CD4+水平高于顺铂组(P0.05),但CD8+水平低于顺铂组(P0.05),差异有统计学意义;2组患者手术前后Ig A、Ig G及Ig M均无统计学意义(P0.05)。洛铂组毒副反应发生率低于顺铂组(P0.05)。结论:含洛铂术前辅助化疗方案有助于改善非小细胞肺癌患者的免疫功能,降低化疗的毒副反应。     

DC-CIK细胞的生物学活性及体外抗血液肿瘤研究

目的:研究细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK)与树突状细胞(DC)共培养后的体外增殖能力、免疫表型变化、分泌细胞因子水平以及对K562、K562/ADM细胞毒作用的影响.方法:正常人外周血单个核细胞诱导DC和CIK细胞,将DC与CIK共培养,以CIK细胞单独培养为对照.用台盼蓝活细胞计数计算细胞扩增倍数,MTT法测定杀伤活性,流式细胞术分析免疫表型,ELISA双抗体夹心法检测分泌干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-12(IL-12)的水平.结果:DC-CIK细胞增殖能力明显高于CIK细胞(P＜0.05);DC、CIK细胞共培养后,CD3+ CD8+、CD3+ CD56+双阳性细胞比率较同条件下CIK细胞组显著增多(P＜0.05);共培养3d,DC-CIK细胞上清液中IL-12、INF-7的分泌量均比CIK细胞单独培养的分泌量高(P＜0.01,P＜ 0.05);在2.5∶1-20∶1的效靶比范围内,DC-CIK共培养物对K562和K562/ADM的杀伤活性均高于单纯CIK细胞组,且差异显著(P＜0.05),且杀伤率与效靶比呈正相关.结论:DC-CIK细胞的增殖能力、分泌细胞因子水平、对K562和K562/ADM的杀伤活性均高于CIK细胞,为DC-CIK细胞免疫治疗提供了实验和理论依据.     

非小细胞肺癌患者化疗前后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化

目的:探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者细胞化疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群的变化及其意义.方法:采用流式细胞术检测NSCLC患者及健康对照者外周血中CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+及NK细胞的比例.结果:与对照组比较,NSCLC患者化疗前及化疗后CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞含量均显著降低(P＜0.01);化疗后CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞比例与化疗前比较均显著升高(P＜0.05);化疗前后CD8+细胞比例无显著变化(P＞0.05).治疗后疾病控制组(DCR)患者的CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+及NK细胞均显著高于治疗后进展(PD)组患者组(P＜0.05);CD8+细胞的比例无显著性变化(P＞0.05).结论:NSCLC患者细胞免疫功能低下,通过流式细胞术检测患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞的变化对评估患者的细胞免疫功能及肿瘤化疗疗效具有重要的临床意义.     

自体CIK细胞对化疗后晚期乳腺癌患者影响的临床对照研究

目的:评估自体CIK细胞治疗对改善化疗后晚期乳腺癌患者机体免疫力及生活质量的疗效及安全性。方法:通过开放的、非随机同期对照研究,比较自体CIK细胞治疗与一般对症治疗对化疗后晚期乳腺癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的影响,运用E-ORTC QLQ-C30生活质量测评量表分析CIK治疗前后患者生活质量改变,观察不良反应。结果:CIK治疗对化疗后晚期乳腺癌患者外周血CD3+、CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD56+T细胞亚群的升高作用优于一般对症治疗,自体CIK细胞治疗后患者临床症状、躯体功能及总健康状况较治疗前有明显改善,无严重不良反应。结论:自体CIK细胞对改善化疗后晚期乳腺癌患者机体免疫力及生活质量有较好疗效及安全性。     

树突细胞联合细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞对急性白血病细胞的体外杀伤作用

目的:研究细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK)与同源树突状细胞(DC)共培养后CIK细胞的表型、增殖活性的变化,及抗急性白血病细胞活性.方法:正常人外周血单个核细胞诱导DC和CIK细胞,将DC与CIK共培养,以CIK细胞单独培养为对照.用台盼蓝活细胞计数计算细胞扩增倍数,MTT法测定杀伤活性,流式细胞术分析免疫表型.结果:DC-CIK细胞增殖能力明显高于CIK细胞(P＜0.05); DC、CIK细胞共培养后,CD3+ CD8+、CD3+ CD56+双阳性细胞比率较同条件下CIK细胞组显著增多(P＜0.05);在2.5∶1-20∶1的效靶比范围内,DC-CIK共培养物对AML细胞的杀伤率显著高于CIK细胞(P＜0.05),且杀伤率与效靶比呈正相关.结论:DC-CIK细胞的增殖能力、对AML细胞的杀伤活性均高于CIK细胞,为DC-CIK细胞免疫治疗提供了实验和理论依据.     

苦参注射液与恩度联合顺铂对肺癌恶性胸腔积液患者血清炎症因子水平的影响

目的:探讨苦参注射液与恩度分别联合顺铂对肺癌恶性胸腔积液患者血清炎症因子水平影响。方法:收集我院以非小细胞肺癌合并恶性胸腔积液患者68例,按照就诊先后顺序分为实验组和对照组。对照组予恩度联合顺铂化疗,实验组予苦参注射液联合顺铂化疗。于患者治疗前后进行CD8~+、IL-2检测,KPS评分,并进行生活质量评价及胸腔积液疗效评价比较,以及药物不良反应评价。结果:1治疗后实验组CD8~+下降、IL-2均上升(P0.05);2治疗后实验组KPS评分较对照组明显上升(P0.05);3实验组患者生活质量评价明显好于对照组,胸腔积液疗效优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:苦参注射液联合顺铂较恩度联合顺铂对肺癌合并恶性胸腔积液患者CD8~+T淋巴细胞及IL-2水平有更明显调节作用,且安全性更佳,对肺癌合并恶性胸腔积有显著临床疗效,对提高患者生活质量、延长患者生存期有重要意义。     

雪灵芝粗多糖对小鼠免疫细胞增殖与功能的体外激活作用

为观察雪灵芝粗多糖(Arenaria kansuensis crude polysaccharide,AKCP)对体外培养的小鼠脾淋巴细胞、NK细胞和腹腔巨噬细胞增殖与功能的影响。以不同浓度AKCP作用于体外培养的上述细胞48 h,采用中性红吞噬实验及NO释放实验检测巨噬细胞功能,MTT法检测脾淋巴细胞增殖及NK细胞杀伤活性,流式细胞术检测脾淋巴细胞CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+亚群,ELISA法检测脾细胞培养上清中IL-2和IFN-γ水平。结果显示,AKCP各浓度组小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬活性和NO释放量、脾淋巴细胞刺激指数及培养上清中IFN-γ水平、NK细胞杀伤活性均高于空白对照组(P0.05);AKCP中浓度组脾淋巴细胞CD3~+、CD4~+亚群及培养上清中IL-2水平也明显升高(P0.05)。提示AKCP对小鼠免疫细胞的增殖与功能具有体外激活作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.