东亚粗叶木属(茜草科)植物的分布及其生物地理意义

茜草科粗叶木属植物是亚洲热带原始林下优势地位明显的一类灌木植物.依据标本资料和分类学修订,研究了东亚产粗叶木属植物33个种的地理分布式样,并将其划分为热带亚洲、东亚和中国特有3个分布区类型,其中热带亚洲分布型可以进一步划分为印度(喜马拉雅)至马来西亚分布、印度(喜马拉雅)至中国南部和大陆东南亚分布及中国南部至大陆东南亚分布3个亚型.中国粗叶木属植物中热带亚洲分布型占总种数的72.7%,显示了中国热带地区植物区系的热带亚洲亲缘.一些粗叶木属植物种类的分布式样暗示了中国-日本、中国-喜马拉雅森林植物区系的分区及物种形成,喜马拉雅(横断山)-台湾山地植物区系的联系及台湾-琉球-日本物种迁移通道.海南、台湾植物区系缺少特有种反映了它们的植物区系大陆性很强. 粗叶木属植物种类的分布式样对中国热带植物种分布区类型的划分提供了参考.     

Growth characteristics of ectomycorrhizal seedlings of Quercus glauca,Quercus salicina,and Castanopsis cuspidata planted on acidic soil

Key message

Seedlings of three Fagaceae species planted on acidic, infertile colluvial soil showed accelerated growth when inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi.

Abstract

We conducted a study with seedlings of Fagaceae species inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi to estimate their utility for growth in acidic soil conditions. We selected Quercus glauca, Quercus salicina and Castanopsis cuspidata as typical evergreen, broad-leaved, woody species of southwestern Japan. Seedlings were inoculated with Astraeus hygrometricus or Scleroderma citrinum, and planted in acidic, infertile colluvial soil collected from an abandoned site. Six months after planting, seedlings of the three species inoculated with A. hygrometricus were growing well, especially, Q. salicina. The growth of seedlings inoculated with S. citrinum was inferior to seedlings inoculated with A. hygrometricus. In contrast, seedlings without ectomycorrhizal fungi did not grow well. Differences in growth among the three types of seedlings were related to differences in the levels of nutrient acquisition. We concluded that Fagaceae seedlings inoculated with A. hygrometricus were best suited for acidic, infertile environments.     

Comparison of growth habits under various light conditions between two climax species, Castanopsis sieboldii and Castanopsis cuspidata, with special reference to their shade tolerance

Two experiments were conducted to examine the difference in shade tolerance between two climax species, Castanopsis sieboldii and Castanopsis cuspidata, in Aichi Prefecture in the warm-temperate climate of Japan. In the growth experiment, the seedlings of the two species were raised under five light conditions, 100%, 30%, 10%, 3% and 1% relative light intensity (RLI). The growth of C. sieboldii highly exceeded that of C. cuspidata, particularly under higher light conditions. In the heavy shading experiment, the seedlings of the two species were grown under three light conditions (0, 0.15 and 0.3% RLI). While all seedlings of C. sieboldii died within 2 years under 0.15 and 0.3% RLI, about half of the seedlings of C. cuspidata survived more than 2 years under 0.15% RLI, and about 70% survived more than 4 years under 0.3% RLI. It was concluded that C. cuspidata was more shade tolerant than C. sieboldii, and the possibility that C. sieboldii might be more tolerant of the drought stress than C. cuspidata was discussed.     

A Third Species of Hemilecanium Newstead (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) from the New World, with Keys to Species in the Genus

A new species of Hemilecanium Newstead, Hemilecanium guanabana Kondo & Hodgson n. sp., is described and illustrated based on the adult female, adult male and first instar. The specimens were collected in the municipality of Palmira, state of Valle del Cauca, Colombia, on soursop, Annona muricata (Annonaceae). Updated identification keys are provided for the adult females of all 28 species of the genus Hemilecanium, and for known adult males and first instars. An updated list of the 23 species of soft scales (Coccidae) known from soursop worldwide is included.     

浙江天童苦槠+白栎灌丛群落的生物量研究

采用直接收获法研究了浙江天童地区苦槠＋白栎次生灌丛群落的地上部分生物量。结果表明该区次生灌丛的地上部分生物量为16．77t/hm^2,还不到常绿阔叶林幼林生物量（地上部分）的1／3。次生灌丛生物量的分布,从群落层次上看,主要集中于藻木层;从垂直高度上看,主要分布在0－4m之间;从种类组成上看,主要分布于苦槠、白栎、山矾、茅栗等优势种中。根据生物量的研究,文中还对如何加速次生灌丛的进展演替进行了讨论。     

Fungal Community Analyses of Endophytic Fungi from Two Oak Species,Quercus mongolica and Quercus serrata,in Korea

Fungal endophytes have been recorded in various plant species with a richness of diversity, and their presence plays an essential role in host plant protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. This study applied the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform based on the amplification of fungal ribosomal ITS2 region to analyze fungal endophytic communities of two oak species (Quercus mongolica and Q. serrata) with different oak wilt disease susceptibilities in Korea. The results showed a total of 230,768 sequencing reads were obtained and clustered at a 97% similarity threshold into 709 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The OTUs of Q. serrata were higher than that of Q. mongolica with the number of 617 OTUs and 512 OTUs, respectively. Shannon index also showed that Q. serrata had a significantly higher level of fungal diversity than Q. mongolica. Total of OTUs were assigned into 5 fungal phyla, 17 classes, 60 orders, 133 families, 195 genera, and 280 species. Ascomycota was the dominant phylum with 75.11% relative abundance, followed by Basidiomycota with 5.28%. Leptosillia, Aureobasidium and Acanthostigma were the most abundant genera detected in Q. serrata with the average relative abundance of 2.85, 2.76, and 2.19%, respectively. On the other hand, Peltaster, Cladosporium and Monochaetia were the most common genera detected in Q. mongolica with the average relative abundance of 4.83, 3.03, and 2.87%, respectively. Our results indicated that fungal endophytic communities were significantly different between two oak species and these differences could influence responses of host trees to oak wilt disease caused by Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae.