NEW TAXONOMIC CRITERIA IN THE CLASSIFICATION OF CHLOROCOCCUM SPECIES. I. PIGMENTATION12

Eighteen isolates of Chlorococcum were incubated under defined culture conditions for 6-7 weeks. At that time, isolates were separated into green, yellow-green, orange, or red color groups according to the color of the cultures. Total chlorophyll, carotenoid concentration, and percentage of carotenoids in relation to total pigment content were measured for each species. Individual carotenoids of each isolate were identified and quantified. Each color group had pigment characteristics which were distinctive. Other studies on Chlorococcum are discussed in relation to this work. It is proposed that pigmentation of old cultures be used as the first criterion for distinguishing species of Chlorococcum.     

NEW TAXONOMIC CRITERIA IN CLASSIFICATION OF CHLOROCOCCUM SPECIES. II. PYRENOID FINE STRUCTURE2

The pyrenoids of 18 Chlorococcum species (including 3 now transferred to Tetracystis) have been investigated at the ultrastructural level. Three categories of pyrenoids were observed, including pyrenoids with unfragmented perforate starch plates in 11 species; those with many separate fragmented starch plates in 6 species; and those with hemispherical starch plates in 1 species. Pyrenoids were further distinguishable on the basis of the number of thylakoid disks or tubules which penetrate the ground substance. Stability and diversity of pyrenoid fine structure as a taxonomic criterion at the specific level have been demonstrated.     

腐霉属分类性状评价及其中国的种

本文对腐霉属Pythium Pringsheim的研究历史作了简单的回顾,对该属的分类性状和系统进行了论述和评价,最后对中国已发现的55种腐霉,以检索表的方式进行了分类、检索。     

游蛇科五种蛇四种组织LDH同工酶凝胶电泳的分析

本文采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法,研究了安徽产游蛇科５种蛇的肌、肝、心、肾４种组织乳酸脱氢酶同工酶,结果表明：蛇类ＬＤＨ同工酶存在着明显的组织及种族的特异性,它们可以作为识别物种的生化指标,本文还利用各物种不同组织ＬＤＨ的Ａ、Ｂ亚基比值建立相似系数矩阵,进行聚类分析,初步探讨了种间的亲缘关系。     

番茄属(Lycopersicon)四个种的过氧化物酶同工酶分析

本文报告了应用连续浓度梯度聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对番茄属Lyco-persicon的四个种:秘鲁番茄L.peruviaunm Mill.,多毛番茄L.hirsutum Humb.et Bonp,醋栗番茄L.pimpinellifolium(Jusl)Mill和普通番茄L.esculentum Mill.的86份材料,15个不同生育时期,不同器官以及同一器官的不同部位的过氧化物酶同工酶的分析结果。结果表明:L.Peruvianum的各个生育期和不同器官的过氧化物酶同工酶谱带叠加共有28条带,L.hirsutum有29条带,L.pimpinellifolium有28条带,L.esculentum有27条带。种间过氧化物酶同工酶谱型差异明显,种内不同生育期叠加总酶谱基本一致。在根、茎和叶中,这四个种的过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱和活性具有相似的生育期变化规律和器官分布规律.在果实发育过程中,种间过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱、活性及变化律规都不相同。本文还就同工酶谱型相似值的意义,野生资源及同工酶分析技术在番茄育种中的应用等问题进行了讨论。     

ATTRIBUTES OF CHLOROCOCCUM SPECIES: A NUMERICAL ANALYSIS2

From previously published data, 73 characteristics of 17 species of Chlorococcum were compiled. Comparisons of character states of each character were made, and simple matching coefficients were calculated for each species by following the procedure of Sokal & Michener. From a data matrix of the matching coefficients, a phenogram was constructed according to the unweighted pair group method of Sokal & Sneath. Arithmetic averages were used in transferring data from one matrix to another. The frequency of each character state was calculated, and the character states of the highest frequency (the modes) were used to describe a “typical” Chlorococcum species. Comparisons were made between the “typical” Chlorococcum species and each of the 17 species studied. Simple matching coefficients were also calculated from these comparisons. All of the species had a relatively high affinity for the data of the calculated “typical”. Suggestions are made about the use of a “typical” taxonomic unit, and questions are raised about the taxonomic relationship among species of the genus Tetracystis and the genus Chlorococcum.     

ON THE MECHANISM OF THE INHIBITION OF GROWTH BY XYLULOSE IN CHLOROCOCCUM ECHINOZYGOTUM1,2

We previously established that xylulose inhibits the growth of the green alga Chlorococcum echinozygotum. Utilizing experiments involving exposure of the alga to NaHC¹⁴O₃, it was possible to show by counting the C¹⁴ activity of methanolic extracts of the algal cells that xylulose inhibited CO₂ uptake. Subsequently it was shown that xylulose does not inhibit or otherwise influence the Hill reaction in this alga. Several enzymes related to xylulose metabolism were investigated. It was found that xylulokinase was active in C. echinozygotum while phosphoketolase activity was absent. Transketolase was present but its activity was not notably affected by xylulose. Crude carboxydismutase preparations were found to be inhibited by xylulose and xylulose 5-phosphate. However, as carboxydismutase was purified further, this inhibition was relatively less. When xylulose 1,5-diphosphate was prepared synthetically, this compound was found to be the most effective inhibitor of purified algal carboxydismutase. We conclude that d -xylulose enters the cells of C. echinozygotum where it is converted to d -xylulose 1,5-diphosphate which acts as a competitive inhibitor of carboxydismutase.     

鹅观草属三个种的染色体组分析与同工酶分析

本文通过对鹅观草属的三个种:鹅观草(Roegneria kamoji Ohwi)、纤毛鹅观草(R. ciliaris (Trin.) Nevski)和竖立鹅观草(R. japonensis (Honda)Keng)的染色体组分析和二种同工酶电泳酶谱的分析,研究了这三个种的系统关系。两个种均含有两个相同的染色体组。R. kamoji和R. ciliari、R. japonensis的杂种F_1减数分裂均不正常,不能结实;而R. ciliaris和R. japonensis的正反交杂种F_1减数分裂规则,结实正常,两个种之间无生殖隔离。R. kamoji的酯酶和酸性磷酸酯酶同工酶谱与R. ciliaris和R. japonensis有明显区别,而后二种的上述酶谱无明显差异。上述结果均一致地支持了将R. ciliaris和R. japonensis合并为一种的观点,将R. japonensis处理为R. ciliaris的变种。     

中国长蠕孢属的分类研究II. 四川省的两个新种

报道生于四川省枯树枝上的长蠕孢属两个新种,假喙长蠕孢Helminthosporiumspurirostrum和四川长蠕孢Helminthosporiumsichuanense。假喙长蠕孢的分生孢子可产生假喙,这是首次报道长蠕孢属的一个新的特征。四川长蠕孢与黄檀长蠕孢H.dalbergiae较相似,但是黄檀长蠕孢的分生孢子大(长58-125靘,宽12-14靘),分生孢子梗细(宽10-12靘)。研究标本保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。     

ESSENTIAL OILS AS TAXONOMIC AIDS IN THE CLASSIFICATION OF DICHANTHIUM PARVIFLORUM

Essential oil components and gross morphological characters are closely correlated in Dichanthium parviflorum (R. Br.) de Wet et Harlan (Gramineae) and related species. Different species, varieties, and geographical races, as well as hybrids between them, can be identified on the basis of absence or presence and quantity of essential oil components. The morphologically variable D. parviflorum was subdivided into four varieties: var. parviflorum, var. capilliflorum (Steud.) de Wet et Harlan comb. nov., var. mutispiculum (Ohwi) de Wet et Harlan comb. nov., and var. spicigerum (S. T. Blake) de Wet et Harlan comb. nov. These varieties differ from each other morphologically in having respectively racemes with 1-4 and awned, 3-5 and awned, 1-2 and awnlass, and 4-10 and awned spikelet pairs per raceme.     

TWO NEW SPECIES OF CHLAMYDOMONAS1,2

Two new species of Chlamydomonas, C. surtseyiensis and C. archibaldii, are described as is their sexual reproduction which occurs in clonal culture.     

中国白粉菌属的分类研究Ⅳ.十字花科上的一个新种

本文描述了采自北京香山的细子薄菜 Rorippa cantoniensis(Lour.)Ohwi(十字花科)上的一种新白粉菌 Erysiphe rorippae Chen & Zheng sp.DOV.蔊菜属是白粉菌属的寄主新记录。在附属丝形态上,本新种因附属丝往往在顶部略膨大呈棍棒形而与唇形科上的华阴白粉菌 Erysiphe huayinensis Zheng & Chen 颇为近似,但因子囊壳直径较大,子囊孢子数目较少、体积较大且在两端钝尖而与该种很易区分。与十字花科上的另外两个已知种,即十字花科白粉菌 Erysiphe cruciferarura(Opiz)Junell 和南芥白粉菌 Erysiphe arabidisZheng & Chen 相比则无论在什么方面都没有共同之处。这三个种可检索如下:     

FIVE NEW SPECIES OF CHLAMYDOMONAS1,2

Five new species of Chlamydomonas, C. isabeliensis, C. pallidostigmatica, C. fottii, C. pseudomicrosphaera, and C. texensis are described. Supplementary attributes of these organisms are considered as possible taxonomic aids.     

NEW SPECIES OF HALIMEDA: A TAXONOMIC REAPPRAISAL12

A study of new Halimeda material available from the International Indian Ocean Expedition, and of type and other specimens not previously available to me, further indicated that Halimeda opuntia is a composite of species rather than a single species. The characteristics of some of its infraspecific taxa differ sufficiently from typical H. opuntia that I have elevated them to species. Extended diagnoses of three, H. hederacea, H. minima, and H. distorta, are given in this paper. Some characteristics new in Halimeda taxonomy are introduced, and distinguishing macroscopic and microscopic characteristics for the new species are discussed. Available ecological data are included.     

典范指示种分析— 一个新的外在分类方法

 本文描述一个新的外在分类方法—典范指示种分析。它是以典范对应分析排序轴为基础,同时使用植被数据和环境数据,其结果能更好地反映植被与环境的关系。我们用该方法对英国威尔士北部山地草甸的数据进行了分析,结果证明它是较理想的分析方法。     

中国柳莺属分类现状

柳莺属Phylloscopus一直是中国鸟类分类学中问题最多,研究最不完善的类群。在上世纪末的10年中,新增加了12种柳莺,包括新发现的3种和亚种被提升到种地位的9种。本文回顾和介绍了我国柳莺属分类研究概况,包括四川柳莺P.sichuanensis,海南柳莺P.hainanus和峨眉柳莺P.emeiensis3个新发现种。黄腰柳莺青藏亚种P.proregulus chloronotus和甘肃亚种P.p.kansuensis,黄腹柳莺P.affinis subaffinis亚种。黄腰柳莺青藏亚种P.proregulus chloronotus和甘肃亚种和P.c.sindianus亚种,黄眉柳莺P.inormatus humei亚种等的分类地位已由亚种升为种,但黑眉柳莺P.ricketti goodsoni亚种分类地位仍存在着争议,最后提出了目前我国柳莺属分类上尚存在的一些问题。     

FLORAL PIGMENTATION STUDIES IN THE GENUS GOSSYPIUM. III. QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF TOTAL FLAVONOL CONTENT FOR TAXONOMIC STUDIES

Despite the potential contribution suggested from chromatographic studies of many groups, taxonomic conclusions based on paper chromatography alone may carry some inherent errors. In many instances chemical differences between taxa cannot be characterized by two-dimensional chromatography of crude extracts. Pigment diversity may go unnoticed in such a study, and conclusions based on simple chromatographic results may show too much similarity between the taxa being compared. The resolution of chromatographic separations of the often very complex mixtures encountered in crude plant extracts can be greatly improved by a preliminary column separation, and in this study a method of pigment analysis employing both preliminary column and subsequent paper chromatography is used. While it is usually impractical to identify all of the components of a flavonoid complex, each member should be characterized to the degree that it can be distinguished from all others. Here, the characterization of a component includes its rate of movement in the column, relative position and color under ultraviolet light on the chromatogram, the absorption spectrum in ethanol and the change in the absorption spectrum when a reagent is added to the ethanol which has a particular effect on the spectral properties of that flavonoid. With very few exceptions no one criterion of characterization is definitive for any component. More than 20 flavonoid pigments have been observed in the two tetraploid Gossypium species, G. barbadense and G. hirsutum. Only 10 of the constituents were common to the two species. The results of a previous study based on two-way paper chromatography of crude extracts makes the two species appear much more similar in flavonoid composition than is indicated by the more detailed column-paper chromatography presented here. The degree of difference between G. hirsutum and G. barbadense is surprisingly large in light of the generally accepted theory of their common origin. The value of chromatographic-chemotaxonomic studies is greatly increased if the chemical systems involved are characterized.     

紊蒿属一新种和对该属分类及演化的讨论

对新种多头紊蒿(Elachanthemum polycephalum Z.Y.Zhu et C.Z.Liang)的形态特征进行了描述,并从形态和生态特征、地理分布及其区系起源等方面探讨了紊蒿属(Elachanthemum Y.Ling et Y.R.Ling)的分类地位。结果表明：紊蒿属与百花蒿属(Stilpnolepis Krasch.)在形态上虽有相近之处,但花、果实和花粉等形态差异明显,因而不能并入百花蒿属,而应独立成属。该属起源于第三纪亚洲北部的古蒿类群(Pro-Artemisia L.),是蒿类中较为原始的属,为古地中海东部残遗的旱生成分,也是现代亚洲中部荒漠(戈壁荒漠)的持有属;多头紊蒿新种的发现,使紊蒿属从单种属变成寡种(双种)属,表明荒漠植物区系的物种分化仍在进行。     

中国单轴霉分类的研究——Ⅰ.寄生在唇形科和苋科植物上的新种

本文描述了单轴霉属(Plasmopara)霜霉菌的二个新种。它们是:寄生于唇形科植物香薷(Elsholtzia ciliata(Thunb.)Hyland)上的香薷单轴霉(Plasmopara elsholtziae spnov.)及苋科植物牛膝(Achyranthes bidentata Bl.)上的牛膝单轴霉(Plasmopara achyranthis sp. nov.)。牛膝单轴霉是本属真菌寄生于苋科植物的首次记录。上述二新种都有拉丁文及汉文描述,还分别讨论了新种与其同科或不同科寄主上的近似种之间的区别。