Functional evaluation of the adenohypophysis with metoclopramide in hyperprolactinemic-amenorrheic women in relation to radiological findings on the sella turcica

The responses of the adenohypophyseal hormones to metoclopramide (MCP) were evaluated in hyperprolactinemic women with various radiological findings on the sella turcica. Serum PRL concentrations significantly increased after MCP administration in normal women, hyperprolactinemic patients with normal sella and patients with microadenoma, but not in macroadenoma patients with and without suprasellar expansion (SSE). The PRL response to MCP administration was significantly lower in hyperprolactinemic patients than in normal women. Serum TSH concentrations significantly increased after MCP administration in each group of subjects. The TSH response to MCP was significantly higher in patients with normal sella and patients with microadenoma than in normal women. However, the responses of PRL and TSH to MCP were not significantly different between patients with normal sella and patients with microadenoma. Therefore, they were not considered useful in distinguishing tumorous from nontumorous hyperprolactinemia. Serum LH concentrations significantly increased after MCP administration in patients with normal sella, patients with microadenoma and macroadenoma patients without SSE, but not in normal women or macroadenoma patients with SSE. The LH response to MCP was significantly higher in patients with microadenoma than in patients with normal sella. Serum FSH concentrations significantly increased after MCP administration only in patients with microadenoma. The different responses of the adenohypophyseal hormones to MCP in hyperprolactinemic women with various radiological findings on the sella turcica may be explained by the difference in the hypothalamic dopamine activity and in the impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary system due to pituitary tumor.     

Effects of Additional Premedication on Romifidine and Ketamine Anaesthesia in Horses

The clinical and cardiorespiratory effects of premedication with acepromazine, butorphanol or diazepam in addition to romifidine before induction of anaesthesia with ketamine were studied in 6 horses on 4 random occasions. Administration of romifidine alone or in combination with butorphanol resulted in an increase in arterial blood pressure, accompanied by a significant decrease in heart rate with second-degree atrio-ventricular heart block. Induction of anaesthesia with ketamine returned the heart rate to baseline value, but the arterial blood pressure was significantly increased compared to baseline. Including acepromazine in the premedication prevented the hypertension and bradycardia induced by romifidine. The respiratory rate was slightly decreased after premedication in all groups, but returned to the baseline value after induction of anaesthesia. Mild hypercapnia and significant hypoxaemia were observed during sedation and anaesthesia, reflecting an impairment of pulmonary function. Premedication with acepromazine before sedation with romifidine resulted in a fast induction and good anaesthesia. Inclusion of butorphanol in the premedication resulted in individual variation in the quality of induction and anaesthesia. Addition of diazepam to the sedation with romifidine resulted in good muscle relaxation with a smooth induction and maintenance of anaesthesia and an increased time before the horses responded to noxious stimuli, compared with romifidine and ketamine anaesthesia. All horses reached a standing position at the first attempt, but horses premedicated with diazepam in combination with romifidine showed mild ataxia after recovery.     

The life experience of leprosy families in maintaining interaction patterns in the family to support healing in leprosy patients in Indonesian society. A phenomenological qualitative study

BackgroundFamily involvement in overcoming the severity of leprosy is very important in the life of leprosy sufferers in communities who experience the clinical and, psychological, social and behavioral consequences of the disease. However, this need, psychosocial, is felt to be not optimal. This study is to identify how the experiences of family members as caregivers provide assistance to individuals with leprosy in improving healing and maintaining patterns of interaction in the family.MethodsThe design uses qualitative research with in-depth, face-to-face interviews with family members in a semi-structured manner with the hope of obtaining complete data. Using purposive sampling with Participatory Interpretative Phenomenology analysis, there are 12 families with 15 family members consisting of 4 men and 11 women.ResultsThis study produced a family theme that tried to follow what would happen to individuals with leprosy, with four sub-categories: 1) Using various coping alternatives to recognize the disease, 2) Family members in the shadow of leprosy, 3) Trying to empathize with other family members. sick, 4) Caring for the emotional response of the family and seeking support.ConclusionsThis analysis shows that deficiency in cognitive aspects can be closed by maintaining a lifestyle in the family through efforts to understand, support, establish communication, increase maximum involvement in restoring self-confidence, especially in individuals with leprosy with psychosocial problems in the family. The results of this study can be used as psychosocial support in maintaining communication between family members to support treatment programs and accelerate the recovery of leprosy.     

Clinical studies on cell-mediated immunity in gestational trophoblastic disease: nonspecific cellular immunocompetence in patients with hydatid mole and trophoblastic neoplasia

The nonspecific cell-mediated immunocompetence of 51 patients with gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), including 16 patients with hydatid mole (HM), 24 with nonmetastatic trophoblastic neoplasia (NTN) and 15 with metastatic TN (MTN), was studied with the use of both in vitro and in vivo parameters of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) such as lymphocyte blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), subpopulation constitution, and delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity responses to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and to purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD). The pretreatment cell-mediated immune status of patients with HM developing no malignant sequelae was shown to be essentially similar, in terms of both in vitro PHA and in vivo DNCB reactivities, to that of normal women and of patients with benign gynecological diseases. In patients with TN, however, there was a significant depression in the blastogenic lymphocyte response to PHA before evacuation of the mole, which was persistently demonstrated after uterine evacuation and more marked throughout the course of disease in patients with MTN, than in those with NTN, with a tendency to return to normal in remission. Moreover, patients with TN had a significant depletion of T lymphocytes as determined by rosette-forming cell procedures before treatment, which was most evident in patients with MTN. Plasma from the MTN patients was also shown to have an inhibitory effect on PHA responsiveness of lymphocytes from normal women. There was an increased incidence of impaired reactivity to DNCB in patients with TN (higher in MTN than in NTN), compared with HM and benign diseases, while no such difference in incidence was observed in response to PPD. On the basis of these findings, a preliminary characterization of altered immunocompetence in patients with TN and its mechanism are discussed.     

Association of spectrin with desmin intermediate filaments

The association of erythrocyte spectrin with desmin filaments was investigated using two in vitro assays. The ability of spectrin to promote the interaction of desmin filaments with membranes was investigated by electron microscopy of desmin filament-erythrocyte inside-out vesicle preparations. Desmin filaments bound to erythrocyte inside-out vesicles in a spectrin-dependent manner, demonstrating that spectrin is capable of mediating the association of desmin filaments with plasma membranes. A quantitative sedimentation assay was used to demonstrate the direct association of spectrin with desmin filaments in vitro. When increasing concentrations of spectrin were incubated with desmin filaments, spectrin cosedimented with desmin filaments in a concentration-dependent manner. At near saturation the spectrin:desmin molar ratio in the sedimented complex was 1:230. Our results suggest that, in addition to its well characterized associations with actin, spectrin functions to mediate the association of intermediate filaments with plasma membranes. It might be that nonerythrocyte spectrins share erythrocyte spectrin's ability to bind to intermediate filaments and function in nonerythroid cells to promote the interaction of intermediate filaments with actin filaments and/or the plasma membrane.     

The effect of lipopolysaccharide desensitization on the regulation of in vivo induction of immunologic tolerance and antibody production and in vitro release of IL-1

As previously reported, LPS and 8-derivatized guanosine (both generators of IL-1 release), as well as IL-1 itself interfere with the in vivo induction of tolerance to DHGG in A/J mice. In the present studies it was demonstrated that desensitization of either A/J or CBA/CaJ mice with LPS aborts the ability of LPS to interfere with the induction of tolerance to DHGG. The abrogation of the ability of LPS to interfere with tolerance by LPS desensitization is not the result of neutralization of LPS by antibody produced to LPS during desensitization. Desensitization with LPS also aborts the interference with tolerance induction by 7-methyl-8-oxoguanosine. LPS desensitization inhibits the ability of LPS and/or 7-methyl-8-oxoguanosine to both convert a tolerogenic signal to an immunogenic signal and interfere with the induction of a tolerant state to a subsequent injection of Ag. The effects resulting from desensitization may be in part attributed to the depletion of IL-1. LPS desensitization also modulates the antibody response to injection of the AG, AHGG. Desensitization with LPS markedly suppresses the antibody response to a subsequent injection of AHGG in CBA/CaJ mice. Desensitization with LPS also inhibits the anti-HGG antibody response in A/J mice, but in this strain its effect is dependent on the route of injection of AHGG. In an experiment directly comparing the responses of normal and desensitized A/J mice to either intravenous or intraperitoneal injection of AHGG, desensitization only suppressed the response in mice injected with AHGG i.p.. Desensitization with LPS also inhibits the ability of LPS to act as an adjuvant in a subsequent antibody response to AHGG. Not only does desensitization interfere with the primary antibody response to AHGG, but it also interferes with the secondary response, suggesting that the primary injection after desensitization induces a state of immunologic tolerance.     

Measles immunisation in children with allergy to egg.

OBJECTIVE--To examine the occurrence of adverse reactions to measles vaccine given as a single dose to children with egg allergy, and to determine if the administration of single dose to children with a positive result in an intradermal skin prick test with the vaccine is associated with adverse reactions. DESIGN--Review of results of immunisation and prospective study of 96 consecutively presenting children given intradermal skin testing with the vaccine. SETTING--Children''s allergy centre. SUBJECTS--410 children sensitive to egg referred to the allergy unit for advice about measles immunisation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Nature and severity of reactions associated with the administration of measles vaccine. RESULTS--All children had a positive result in a skin prick test with egg white, and five had a positive result in a skin prick test with vaccine. Of 96 consecutive children, 46 had a positive result in an intradermal test with vaccine. After immunisation with a full dose (0.5 ml) of vaccine adverse reactions were associated with a mild reaction in four children, none of whom required treatment. Only one of the 46 children with a positive result in an intradermal vaccine skin test had a reaction associated with vaccine administration. None of the children with a positive result in a skin prick test with measles vaccine reacted to the vaccine. The rate of minor reactions to the vaccine not requiring treatment was 0.98% (95% confidence interval 0.27% to 2.48%) and serious reactions requiring treatment was 0% (0% to 0.9%). CONCLUSION--Children with IgE mediated allergic reactions to egg protein should be investigated and managed by practitioners with special knowledge in this subject. Measles immunisation should be performed in a setting where any adverse reactions can be dealt with appropriately. Skin tests and measles vaccine and desensitisation are not necessary.     

Metabolic shift analysis at high cell densities

Abstract: In high cell density cultures it is virtually inevitable that the environment to which the cells are exposed is heterogeneous. Thus, with suspended cultures, individual cells are subject to temporal changes in their environment whereas with aggregated or immobilized cells, the culture can be considered as being formed by a number of subpopulations, each with its own environmental characteristics. In addition, in a high cell density environment, high concentrations of end products may negatively influence the growth rate. This may result in the selection of organisms with an altered metabolic behaviour or with a decreased sensitivity to the adverse effects of the product. We discuss the consequences of this heterogeneity with regard to carbon source metabolism in view of the ability of many bacterial species to adapt to environmental conditions. Selection of variant organisms was found to occur with Clostridium butyricum when grown for a prolonged time in a medium containing approx. I-50 mM glucose. In contrast to the original strain, these variants could sustain a high maximal growth rate in the presence of butyric acid. In addition, they had acquired the capacity to spontaneously form aggregates and were able to carry out a completely solventogenic fermentation. Heterogeneous metabolic activity in aggregated cells is demonstrated with cultures of Lactobacillus laevolacticus , an aggregateforming lactic acid bacterium that converts glucose completely to o-lactate. By using microelectrodes, we show that the fraction of metabolically active cells decreases with increasing aggregate size: in larger aggregates steep pH gradients occur with the effect that only the outer layer of the aggregate is metabolically active, i.e. contributes to lactic acid formation, whereas with smaller aggregates all cells remain active. As a result, the net specific lactic acid production rate of the population as a whole is not invariably increased with increased aggregate size.     

Relations between sex hormone level and characters of hair and skin in healthy young men.

Total testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in blood serum as well as free testosterone in saliva were determined by radioimmunoassay in 110 healthy young men. The results were compared with the development of terminal hair on the trunk and limbs, with the disposition to balding and with the disposition to acne. No significant correlations were found between terminal hair development and absolute androgen levels; however, some significant values were observed in the case of the metabolic rate of dihydrotestosterone/testosterone and the proportion of free to total testosterone. The disposition to balding also correlates positively with the latter ratio. Yet the absolute serum androgen concentrations in men with a disposition to balding is lower than in men with no reduction of scalp hair. The widespread assumption that androgen levels are in general elevated in bald-trait men must therefore be rejected. In accordance with this finding, men with a disposition to balding are morphologically (with regard to anthropometric measures) no more masculine than those with good scalp hair growth. When body build and age are taken into consideration, the relations between terminal hair and androgen ratio are also problematical. No relationship could be found between acne and androgens.     

Cell-mediated immune responses in recurrent herpesvirus infections. I. Lymphocyte proliferation assay.

Studies in immunosuppressed and immunodeficient patients indicate that the cell-mediated immune response appears to be responsible for controlling reactivated herpesvirus infections. In this study, the various parameters of a herpesvirus (types 1 and 2) antigen specific lymphocyte proliferation assay were optimized and used to evaluate individuals with clinical, recurrent HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections. Normal individuals with neutralizing antibody to HSV-1 or HSV-2 responded to virus antigen in culture as well as individuals with recurrent disease. Normal individuals without neutralizing antibody responded with a significantly lower response. Specificity of the lymphocyte proliferation assay was observed most strikingly in normal individuals with a rare HSV-1 infection during the vesicular eruption. Specificity was also observed by determining the ratio of the response to HSV-1 as compared to the response to HSV-2. Evaluated in this manner, individuals with recurrent HSV-1 infections had significantly higher ratios than individuals with HSV-2 infections and vice versa. Data from individuals with recurrent disease was compared to that of normal individuals to determine whether the former demonstrated a specific alteration in this response. Individuals with recurrent disease were found to have higher neutralizing antibody titers than normals. The neutralizing antibody titers in normal individuals correlated well with the lymphocyte proliferation assay results, whereas a similar evaluation in individuals with recurrent disease gave a negative correlation. The ratio of HSV-1 response/HSV-2 response also demonstrated a suppressed response in recurrent infections to the homologous virus during active disease, which disappeared when the individual was convalescent. These studies indicate that individuals with recurrent HSV infections have virus antigen specific alterations of their cell-mediated immune response, which can be associated with their disease.     

Flow cytometric analysis of Enterococcus faecalis aph2"(+) response to aph2" (-) strains with high and low gene transfer rate

Resistance genes, as aph2" are usually encoded on conjugate plasmids and spread with high rate 2 among Gram-positive cocci. The conjugation is inducted by recipient strains by secreting specific pheromone involved in formation of mating aggregates with donor cells. The project aimed to check if strain with lower rate of gene transfer differ also from strains with high gene transfer in ability to aggregate to donor strains. In our study we used two aph2"(+), three aph2"(-) with low transfer e and three aph2"(-) with high transfer strains. Each time one aph2"(+) and one aph2" strains were cultivated for 18h in BHI. The bacteria was washed, stained with carboksyfluorescein, and analyzed by flow cytometry in FACS BD cytometr. Relative fluorescence and size of aggregation was used to compare influence on particular stains. In result of induction of aph2"(+) strains with aph2" recipients with high transfer rate we observed increase of size and number aggregates. Surprisingly, induction with aph2" recipients with low transfer rate result in two different reaction of aph2"(+) donors. In case of one of the , according to expectation we do not observe increase of aggregation. Second of the donors aggregate with induction with aph2" recipients with low transfer rate, but in contrast to reaction to presence of other recipients, fluorescence of such aggregates increased. The results show that strain with lower rate of gene transfer in fact differ from strains with high gene transfer in ability to aggregate to donor strains ant that analysis of aggregation alone is insufficient to distinguish between recipients of high and low transfer rate.     

Immunochemical characterization of the anti-RNA antibodies found in scleroderma and systemic lupus erythematosus. I. Differences in reactivity with Poly (U) and Poly-(A) Poly (U).

In a previous study, all 40 sera from patients with scleroderma, 20 of 40 sera from SLE patients, but none of 40 sera from normal controls, were found to have antibodies to ssRNA. All scleroderma sera were also found to react with HSA-coupled uridine and UMP and their reaction with HSA-coupled uridine and UMP and their reaction with ssRNA could be inhibited by uracil, uridine, and UMP. To characterize further these uracil-specific anti-RNA antibodies found in scleroderma and compare them with the anti-RNA antibodies found in SLE, we tested their reactivity with Poly (U) and with Poly (A)-Poly (U) and all but one failed to react with Poly (A)-Poly (U). This same serum was the only one in which the reaction with Poly (U) could not be inhibited with uracil. Reactivity of SLE sera was strikingly different from that found in scleroderma sera. Seventeen of 34 SLE sera studied reacted with ssRNA but only four of these reacted with Poly (U). Conversely, two SLE sera that reacted with Poly (U) did not react with ssRNA. Fifteen reacted with Poly (A)-Poly (U) and only two of these failed to react with ssRNA. Five SLE sera which were reactive with ssRNA did not precipitate with Poly (A)-Poly (U). All SLE sera which reacted with Poly (U) could be inhibited with uracil, although less effectively than in scleroderma. Reactivity with Poly (A)-Poly )U) was not inhibited with uracil nor with adenosine. These findings confirm that antibodies to RNA that are found in scleroderma are directed to uracil and thus specific to ssRNA, whereas RNA antibodies found in SLE sera are heterogeneous and directed to either the base, to the site of union of the base and sugar moiety to the ribose backbone, or to the helical structure of double stranded RNA. These differences and the respective antigenic specificities of these anti-RNA antibodies found in scleroderma and SLE may be theoretically important.     

Vitiligo- and melanoma-associated hypopigmentation: a similar appearance but a different mechanism

The significance of the association between the appearance of hypopigmentation in patients with melanoma and the prognosis is still not clear. It was postulated that, in melanoma, an immune response is responsible for the destruction of the malignant as well as the normal pigmented cells, and that the eventual development of vitiligo-like patches in melanoma patients improves their prognosis. We studied the level of anti-melanoma antibodies in the sera of patients with melanoma with hypopigmentation and compared it to the titer in patients with melanoma only, to the titer of patients with vitiligo, and to that of healthy subjects. Only IgG-type antibodies were found in the sera of patients with vitiligo, with melanoma, or with melanoma with hypopigmentation. No significant differences in the titer of anti-melanoma antibodies could be found between the patients with melanoma when subgrouped according to the initial stage and the status of the disease at the time when the test was carried out. Statistically significantly (P<0.001) higher titers of antibodies were detected in the sera of patients with vitiligo in comparison to the lower titers in the other groups. Our results point to a similar immunobiological status, which probably does not give any advantage to patients with melanoma with hypopigmentation compared to patients without it. The appearance of hypopigmentary plaques in melanoma patients should be regarded, in our opinion, as a concomitant immunological phenomenon of the disease.This work was supported by a grant given by the Israeli Chief Scientist, Ministry of Health, Israel     

广西地区2型糖尿病患者直接卫生费用研究

目的分析广西地区近8年2型糖尿病患者的住院费用情况。方法收集广西医科大学第一附属医院2004年4月~2011年12月出院的2型糖尿病患者的病案资料,按有无并发症分为无并发症组2050例,有并发症组4795例,用两样本比较的秩和检验比较两组住院费用的差异。按并发症个数将有并发症组分为3个亚组,即B组（1个并发症组2478例）、C组（2个并发症1444例）、D组（3个及3个以上并发症组873例）,用多个样本比较Kruskal-Wallis H检验,组间比较用扩增t检验。按有无大血管病变将患者分为2型糖尿病无大血管病变组5711例,2型糖尿病并大血管病变组1134例,采用秩和检验比较两组住院费用的差异。结果 2型糖尿病患者中位住院费用为7009.55元;无并发症组的中位住院费用为5702.2元,有并发症组的中位住院费用为7726.65元;1个并发症组中位住院费用为6999.89元,2个并发症组的中位住院费用为8060.78元,3个及3个以上并发症组中位住院费用为10396.24元;2型糖尿病无大血管病变中位住院费用为6525.84元,2型糖尿病并大血管病变中位住院费用为11215.13元。结论有并发症较无并发症住院费用更高,有大血管病变较无大血管病变的2型糖尿病费用更高,并发症个数越多,费用越高。     

Enhancement of chromosome aberrations by the combination of DNA substitution with halogenated deoxyuridine and streptonigrin treatments

We treated CHO cells with streptonigrin (SN) alone, in combination with BrdUrd or IdUrd substitution, and with or without the addition of caffeine. The cells assessed for chromosome damage by SN were in the G₂ period and the magnitude of the damage was expressed as monosubstituted chromatid breaks, bisubstituted chromatid breaks and boundary regions breaks (boundary regions indicate the point of exchange of mono- and bisubstituted chromatids). We found that the combination of BrdUrd or IdUrd substitution with SN treatments produced a remarkable increase in the frequency of breaks over the frequencies observed with the halogenated compound only. The effect was more evident with IdUrd than with BrdUrd, and more dramatic in bisubstituted than in monosubstituted chromatids. The frequency of boundary breaks in cells treated with BrdUrd plus SN was similar to the frequency of breaks in monosubstituted chromatids treated similarly. Conversely, the damage in boundary regions was almost similar to that in bisubstituted chromatids in cells challenged with IdUrd plus SN. The addition of caffeine to BrdUrd-substituted chromosomes gave rise to a marked enhancement of breakages with a gradient of chromatid damage that was: bisubstituted > monosubstituted > boundary regions. A further increase of chromatin breaks maintaining the gradient indicated above was obtained when the cells were treated with BrdUrd plus SN plus caffeine. We propose that BrdUrd and IdUrd substitution alone or in combination with caffeine treatments and with SN in its capacity to bind DNA, give rise to different chromatin structures capable of modulating the DNA damage induced along the chromatin fibril by the active oxygen species liberated by SN-DNA complexes.     

Use of pefloxacin in the treatment of patients with purulent wounds of soft tissues]

Pefloxacin was used in the treatment of 25 patients with wound infection in a dose of 400 mg orally twice a day for 10-12 days. As the monotherapy it was applied to 15 patients. 7 patients with clinical signs of non-clostridial anaerobic infection were treated with pefloxacin in combination with intravenous metronidazole. Pefloxacin was highly efficient in 96 per cent of the cases with extensive posttraumatic purulent wounds with and without bone affection, acute purulent wounds of the soft tissue, purulent wounds of the soft tissues in diabetic patients, trophic or decubitus ulcer. 266 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter spp. and Acinetobacter spp, were tested and 75 to 100 per cent of them was shown to be susceptible to pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin. At the same time the isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella spp. were more susceptible to ciprofloxacin. The pathogen eradication and eradication with superinfection in the cases treated with pefloxacin amounted to 92 per cent. The drug tolerance was good. No clinically significant adverse events were recorded.     

汶川地震对大熊猫主食竹——拐棍竹竹笋生长发育的影响

为了了解汶川地震对大熊猫主食竹生长发育的影响,2009年10月—2011年4月,在地震重灾区四川龙溪-虹口国家级自然保护区内设置150个样方,就地震强度、中度、轻度干扰对大熊猫主食竹拐棍竹(Fargesia robusta)竹笋生长发育的影响进行了研究。研究结果显示:(1)发笋物候上,地震强度干扰的发笋时间(Julian时间)较中度和轻度干扰显著推迟,而发笋期不受影响。(2)发笋量和当年生幼竹数是拐棍竹更新生长的数量指标。地震强度和中度干扰样方的发笋量都显著高于轻度干扰,而发笋量在强度和中度干扰间差异不显著;地震强度干扰样方的当年生幼竹数显著高于中度和轻度干扰,中度和轻度干扰样方间差异不显著。这说明地震的强度和中度干扰都有利于拐棍竹竹笋和当年生幼竹数量的更新。(3)基径和株高是拐棍竹更新生长的质量指标。强度干扰下拐棍竹的基径和株高都显著小于中度和轻度干扰,中度干扰样方的基径与轻度干扰差异不显著,但株高显著矮于轻度干扰样方。表明强度干扰下拐棍竹的质量最差,中度干扰的基径已基本得到恢复,但株高仍受到抑制。(4)地震不同干扰等级拐棍竹退笋原因划分为:外力机械损伤、动物取食、生长停止、其他4种。对地震不同干扰等级拐棍竹退笋原因比率的分析发现,强度干扰样方因外力机械损伤和生长停止退笋的比率显著高于中度和轻度干扰样方,而因动物取食退笋的比率显著低于中度和轻度干扰样方。证明强度干扰样方的竹笋更容易受到外力机械损伤和生长停止退笋,而中度和轻度干扰的竹笋更倾向于动物取食致退,揭示了拐棍竹的生长是与震后不同程度的干扰相适应的。     

思茅菜阳河自然保护区植物区系研究——兼论热带亚洲植物区系向东亚植物区系的过渡

云南省思茅地区菜阳河自然保护区地处联系滇南热带与滇中亚热带的中间位置,在植被地理和生物地理上十分重要,其植物区系计有野生种子植物1 920种, 隶属于836属及178科。该植物区系以兰科( 69属/223种)、茜草科(37/100)、菊科(47/86)、蝶形花科(33/82)、唇形科（28/62）、大戟科(25/59)、荨麻科(13/52)、禾本科(34/47)、樟科(12/44)、桑科(6/44)、爵床科(26/36)等为优势科。属的分布区类型组成以热带亚洲分布型最多, 约占总属数的31%;其次是泛热带分布,占23.4%;热带分布合计占总属数的83.3%。种的分布区类型组成仍以热带亚洲分布最多, 占总种数的60.6%;其次是中国特有分布, 占21.6%;热带分布种合计占70.0%以上。这些特征均表明该植物区系热带性质显著,并具有印度—马来西亚植物区系特点,在植物区系分区上属于印度—马来西亚植物区系的一部分。由于菜阳河自然保护区在地理上位于热带亚洲植物区与东亚植物区的交汇地带,该植物区系中的许多热带植物均是在其分布的北界,植物区系又有明显的热带北缘性质。通过与滇南西双版纳和滇中无量山植物区系的比较,菜阳河自然保护区植物区系与西双版纳植物区系在区系组成及属的地理成分构成上很接近, 它们同为热带亚洲植物区系的北缘类型。在云南南部,从热带亚洲植物区系到东亚植物区系的过渡与转变,显然发生在思茅菜阳河地区以北。从热带亚洲植物区系过渡到东亚植物区系,在诸属的分布区类型中,热带亚洲分布型显著减少,北温带分布型和东亚分布型显著增加。     

Congenital defects of the upper lateral incisors (ULI): Condition and measurements of the other teeth,measurements of the superior arch,head and face

We surveyed a French male population for the incidence of missing or reduced upper lateral incisors (ULI). In 5,738 subjects, we observed an incidence of 1.59% with one or two reduced ULI (the other normal) and 1.90% with one or two missing ULI (the other normal or reduced), altogether, 3.49% affected subjects. Furthermore, 250 random controls were observed. Agenesis of other teeth is more frequent in propositi. Missing third molars were 12.4% in controls, 24.0% in propositi with reduced ULI and 39.6% in propositi with two missing ULI. Furthermore, agenesis of incisors, canines and premolars ranges from 0.4% in controls to 1.3% in propositi having reduced ULI and 5.0% in propositi with two missing ULI. So, propositi with reduced ULI are intermediate between the controls and the propositi with missing ULI with respect to the frequency of agenesis of other teeth. On the other hand, a different ranking is observed with respect to the teeth measurements: reduction of tooth size is more marked in propositi with reduced ULI than in propositi with missing ULI. The reduction mainly affects canines, incisors and to a lesser degree, premolars. Arch length and interpremolar diameters are smaller in propositi with missing ULI, compared with controls.     

Human natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity

Summary The contribution of natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC) to tumor-directed cytotoxicity is unknown. This study was undertaken to correlate changes in NCMC to a single target cell (K-562) with responses to therapy in patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung, resectable stage I non-small cell carcinoma of the lung, and stage I and II melanomas. Data from these studies suggested that these patients have depressed levels of NCMC to K-562 compared with a normal age-matched control population. However, NCMC levels appear to fluctuate with tumor burden, being highest in patients with large tumor masses and lowest in patients with no clinical evidence of tumor following a successful response to therapy.