钝顶螺旋藻（Spirulina platensis）藻胆体Langmuir-Blodgett膜

从钝顶螺旋藻中分离制备完整藻胆体 ,然后滴加于空气 水界面上 ,应用LB膜技术制备藻胆体LB膜。结果表明 ,藻胆体在空气 水界面上具有很好的成膜性能。将藻胆体LB单层膜转移到刚揭开的云母表面 ,喷一层金 ,然后用扫描隧道显微镜观察。结果表明 ,藻胆体在Langmuir Blodgett膜中的排列方式与其在体内类囊体膜表面的排列方式类似 ,一排排聚集在一起 ,然后排列成膜。藻胆体的“核”吸附在云母表面 ,而藻胆体的“杆”伸向外面。由于钝顶螺旋藻易于规模化培养 ,藻胆体容易批量制备 ,加之藻胆体具有的独特的光物理、光化学特性和良好的成膜性能 ,以及本身就是纳米量级的颗粒 (5 0 70nm) ,预示着藻胆体在纳米光电子器件中具有很好的应用前景。     

螺旋藻的培养及对某些生化特性的研究

很多学者对钝顶螺旋藻(Spiru lina platensis)进行了培养和有关生理生化的研究。发现它在热带高碱性湖泊中具有很高的生长优势。Orio报道这种藻的蛋白质     

螺旋藻（Spirulina platensis）藻胆体在解离过程中荧光发射光谱和光能传递的研究

对螺旋藻（Ｓｐｉｒｕｌｉｎａｐｌａｔｅｎｓｉｓ）藻胆体在室温和７７Ｋ处于不同浓度磷缓冲溶液和不同解离时间的荧光发射光谱进行了研究。藻胆体在０．９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸缓冲溶液中,由于没有发生解离,光能传递效率高,在７７Ｋ荧光发射光谱中只有一个峰,位于６８７ｎｍ,属于别藻蓝蛋白－Ｂ。当藻胆体悬浮在０．３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸缓冲溶液中１分钟,７７Ｋ荧光光谱的主峰出现在６８４ｎｍ．又出现６５５ｎｍ和６６６ｎｍ荧光峰,它们依次属子Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白和别藻蓝蛋白。在２小时;６５５ｎｍ荧先峰成为主峰,６８４ｎｍ荧光峰为次峰,６６６ｎｍ荧光肩消失。这表明Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白所捕获的先能已不能传递给别藻蓝蛋白,但能传给别藻蓝蛋白－Ｂ。我们提出在螺旋藻藻胆体中存在两类Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白,一是与别藻蓝蛋白相连接,另一是与别藻蓝蛋白－Ｂ相连接。     

螺旋藻（Spirulina platensis）藻胆体在解离过程中荧光发射光谱和光能传递的研究

对螺旋藻（Ｓｐｉｒｕｌｉｎａｐｌａｔｅｎｓｉｓ）藻胆体在室温和７７Ｋ处于不同浓度磷缓冲溶液和不同解离时间的荧光发射光谱进行了研究。藻胆体在０．９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸缓冲溶液中,由于没有发生解离,光能传递效率高,在７７Ｋ荧光发射光谱中只有一个峰,位于６８７ｎｍ,属于别藻蓝蛋白－Ｂ。当藻胆体悬浮在０．３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸缓冲溶液中１分钟,７７Ｋ荧光光谱的主峰出现在６８４ｎｍ．又出现６５５ｎｍ和６６６ｎｍ荧光峰,它们依次属子Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白和别藻蓝蛋白。在２小时;６５５ｎｍ荧先峰成为主峰,６８４ｎｍ荧光峰为次峰,６６６ｎｍ荧光肩消失。这表明Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白所捕获的先能已不能传递给别藻蓝蛋白,但能传给别藻蓝蛋白－Ｂ。我们提出在螺旋藻藻胆体中存在两类Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白,一是与别藻蓝蛋白相连接,另一是与别藻蓝蛋白－Ｂ相连接。     

鄂尔多斯螺旋藻（Spirulina erdosensis）光合生理的研究

对鄂尔多斯高原碱湖的鄂尔多斯螺旋藻Spirulinaerdosensis光合色素的吸收光谱、含量、光合速率和呼吸速率日变化进行了研究.结果表明:活体吸收光谱体现出了各色素在不同波段范围内的吸收差异;各种色素相对荧光强度有明显的差异.藻胆素的含量最高为97.86mg·g-1DW;类胡萝卜素的最低,为2.11mg·g-1DW;Chla为7.70mg·g-1DW.其光合速率的日变化呈单峰曲线,真、净光合速率均在13∶00达到最大,分别为36.24μmol·m-2·s-1和23.45μmol·m-2·s-1.     

螺藻旋Spirulina platensis整体细胞放氢特性的研究

螺旋藻Spirulina platensis具有氢酶。由氢酶催化的放H_2活性受到培养基中硝酸盐的抑制。这是由于氢酶与硝酸还原酶之间存在还原能力的竞争。以脲素取代硝酸盐可以部分地解除其抑制作用。放H_2活性随着暗中时间的延长而成倍加强。在氮气或氩气中比在空气中的放氢活性分别高出244％和287％。氧气抑制放H_2活性,约5％O_2达到半抑制浓度。CO对,放H_2的半抑制浓度为2％。当光照强度大于2000lx时完全抑制放H_2活性。光合放氧与放氢的矛盾可以通过光、暗交替处理,由暗中的耗氧呼吸以加协调。     

钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)光系统Ⅰ的分离表征及稳定性

采用蔗糖密度梯度离心法对钝顶螺旋藻光合膜蛋白(PSI)进行分离纯化,并对其光谱学性质、热稳定性及光合放氧活性进行分析表征。结果发现,采用蔗糖密度精度离心法,可以成功分离出4条色素蛋白质复合体条带,其中最下层条带为完整的PSI三聚体,其每毫克叶绿素a光合放氧活性达到420μmol/h。当温度达到50℃左右时,分离得到的PSI在溶液开始变性失活。     

钝顶螺旋藻SP1(Spirulina platensis)对集约化养殖尾水氮磷的去除效果

针对集约化养殖模式后期硝酸盐氮和磷酸盐浓度较高的问题,实验设置生物絮团养殖尾水(BFW)和BG11培养液(BGW)两种水体环境,并以池塘常见优势微藻——绿色颤藻OC1(Oscillatoria chlorina)作为对比,研究分析了钝顶螺旋藻SP1(Spirulina platensis)对集约化养殖尾水氮磷的去除效果...     

盐泽螺旋藻(Spirulina subsalsa)藻胆体的分离和特性

采用一种简便而快速的方法分离了盐泽螺旋藻的藻胆体。藻胆体的最大吸收波长位于618 nm,室温下荧光反射峰位于677～678 nm。利用7～15％SDS—聚丙烯酸胺梯度凝胶板状电泳,可分出三条有色多肽,其中藻蓝蛋白的α亚单位与别藻蓝蛋白的α亚单位几乎重叠,不易区分;另有分子量为117,99,53,49,27,24.5和14kD的七条无色多肽。117和 99kD多肽可能联结藻胆体和类囊体,并作为末端能量受体,而14kD多肽多为“核”亚结构的组分,其余的可能为“棒”亚结构内和“核”“棒”亚结构间的联结蛋白。     

小麦老化叶片蛋白水解酶的某些生化特性的研究（简报）

小麦叶片蛋白水解酶最适pH为5．0左右;最适温度：扬麦五号品种为50℃,野生一粒为45℃。碘乙酸、苯甲基磺酰氟明显抑制蛋白水解酶活力,前者大于后者;而半胱氨酸明显激活其活性。对小麦老化叶片起主要作用的是巯基类蛋白水解酶,丝氨酸蛋白酶也起一定作用。     

Biochemical evidence for multiple forms of acetohydroxy acid synthase in Spirulina platensis

Two isoforms of acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS), the first enzyme of the branched-chain amino acids biosynthetic pathway, were detected in cell-free extracts of the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis and separated both by ion-exchange chromatography and by hydrophobic interaction. Several biochemical properties of the two putative isozymes were analysed and it was found that they differ for pH optimum, FAD requirement for both activity and stability, and for heat lability. The results were partially confirmed with the characterization of the enzyme extracted from a recombinant Escherichia coli strain transformed with one subcloned S. platensis coli strain transformed with one subcloned S. platensis AHAS gene. The approximate molecular mass of both AHAS activities, estimated by gel filtration, indicates that they are distinct isozymes and not different oligomeric species or aggregates of identical subunits.Abbreviations AHAS acetohydroxy acid synthase - DEAE cellulose diethylaminoethyl cellulose - DTT dithiothreitol - FAD flavin adenine dinucleotide - TPP thiamine pyrophosphate     

不同生境下的钝顶螺旋藻RAPD分析

本文对不同生境下的钝顶螺旋藻Spirulina(Arthrospira)platensis进行了RAPD分析.结果表明,鄂尔多斯高原碱湖和Chad湖的钝顶螺旋藻基因组DNA扩增多态性片段同源性为48.23%.2个样品在分子遗传水平上存在着较大的差异,这是由于各自生态环境明显不同和长期地理隔离造成的.     

不同生境下的钝顶螺旋藻RAPD分析

本文对不同生境下的钝顶螺旋藻Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis进行了RAPD分析。结果表明, 鄂尔多斯高原碱湖和Chad湖的钝顶螺旋藻基因组DNA扩增多态性片段同源性为 48.23%。2 个样品在分子遗传水平上存在着较大的差异, 这是由于各自生态环境明显不同和长期地理隔离造成的。     

钝顶螺旋藻富集转化硒及硒在藻体中的分布

钝顶螺旋藻在４℃、避光、隔离空气条件下,对硒的吸附量死体显著高于活体。藻体对硒的最大富集量为６２７．４μg.g^-1(DW),培养基中硒浓度在３００μg.ml^-1以下时有机硒转化率大于８０％。藻体中的硒主要分布在水溶性组化率大于８０％。藻体中的硒主要分布在水溶性组分中,占总硒的６５％以上,蛋白质硒占有机硒的７１．９％,多糖、核酸也有一定量硒分布。     

Osmotic adjustment in Spirulina platensis

Unilateral irradiation of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings results in a fluence-rate gradient, and hence below saturation, a gradient of the far-red-absorbing form of phytochrome (Pfr). The Pfr-gradients established by blue, red and far-red light were spectrophotometrically measured in the mesocotyl. Based on these Pfr-gradients and the fluence-response curves of phytochrome photoconversion the fluence-rate gradients were calculated. The fluence-rate gradient in the blue (460 nm) was steeper than that in the red (665 nm), which in turn was steeper than that in the far-red light (725 nm). The fluence-rate ratios front to rear were 1:0.06 (460 nm), 1:0.2 (665 nm), and 1:0.33 (725 nm). The assumption that phytochrome-mediated phototropism of maize mesocotyls is caused by local phytochrome-mediated growth inhibition was tested in the following manner. Firstly, the Pfr response curve for growth inhibition was calculated; these calculations were based on measurements of Pfr-gradients and data from red-light-induced phototropism. Secondly, the Pfr response curve for growth inhibition was used as a basis for calculating fluence-response curves for blue-and far-red-light-induced phototropism. Finally, these calculated results were compared with experimental data. It was concluded that the threshold for phytochrome-mediated phototropism of maize mesocotyls reflects the apparent photoconversion cross section of phytochrome whereas the maximal inducable curvature depends on the steepness of the light (Pfr) gradient across the mesocotyl.Abbreviations Pfr far-red-absorbing form of phytochrome - Ptot total phytochrome - Fr far-red light     

3种钝顶螺旋藻株胞内核酸酶活性效果研究

取钝顶螺旋藻A9、抗刀豆氨酸(CS)突变株A9c、藻体长直型 A9L的无菌纯藻藻株胞内核酸酶粗提取液,分别对λ-DNA或p8760进行酶切消化后研究酶活.对于A9藻株,p8760更适于作为酶切底物进行酶活研究;酶切最适反应温度为37～45℃,酶切最适反应时间为3h,50℃开始酶活被抑制;A9c藻株酶切最适反应温度为37℃,酶切最适反应时间为3～4h,45℃开始酶活被抑制;A9L藻株,λ-DNA更适于作为酶切底物进行酶活研究,酶切最适反应温度为37～55℃,酶切最适反应时间为2～3h,60℃开始酶活被抑制.对此3种无菌藻株胞内核酸酶活性效果的初步研究表明,藻株形态的变异或抗氨基酸类似物突变,都会影响和改变其胞内核酸酶的活性,这些可为控制胞内核酸酶对螺旋藻转基因操作的影响和选择合适的藻株用于螺旋藻的遗传转化奠定一定的基础.     

Ammonium and urea removal by Spirulina platensis

Different concentrations either of ammonium chloride or urea were used in batch and fed-batch cultivations of Spirulina platensis to evaluate the possibility of substituting nitrate by cheaper reduced nitrogen sources in wastewaters biotreatment. The maximum nitrogen concentration able to sustain the batch growth of this microalga without inhibition was 1.7 mM in both cases. Ammonium chloride was limiting for the growth at lower concentrations, whereas inhibition took place at higher levels. This inhibition effect was less marked with urea, likely because the enzymatic hydrolysis of this compound by urease controlled the ammonia transfer into the cell. Fed-batch experiments carried out by pulse-feeding either ammonium or urea proved that the use of these compounds as nitrogen sources can sustain the long term-cultivation of S. platensis, provided that the conditions for their feeding are accurately optimized.     

Lead removal by Spirulina platensis biomass

In this investigation, we report on the biosorption of Pb (II) from aqueous solutions by the nonliving biomass of the micro-alga (cyanobacterium) Spirulina platensis. Propagation of the micro-alga was carried out in outside oblong raceway ponds. The biomass was cleaned, dried and used for the investigation. The effects of pH, adsorbent dose, temperature, initial concentration of Pb (II), and contact time on the adsorption of lead by the dry biomass were studied. The experiments were carried out in 250 ml conical flasks containing 100 ml of test solutions using an orbital incubator at 150 rpm. Concentrations of the metal before and after the experiments were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Very high levels of Pb (II) removal (>91%) were obtained. The optimum conditions for maximal adsorption by S. platensis were found to be pH 3; 2 g of adsorbent dose; incubation at 26°C; 100 mg/l of lead initial concentration and 60 minutes of contact time. The experimental data fitted well with Freundlich isotherm equation with R² values greater than 0.97. Based on our results, we recommend the utilization of S. platensis biomass for heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions.     

Cadmium biosorption on Spirulina platensis biomass

Dry biomass of Spirulina platensis re-hydrated for 48 h was employed as a biosorbent in tests of cadmium(II) removal from water. Various concentrations of biomass (from 1 to 4 g l⁻¹) and metal (from 100 to 800 mg l⁻¹) were tested. Low biomass levels (X_o  2 g l⁻¹) ensured metal removal up to 98% only at Cd₀= 100 and 200 mg l⁻¹, while X_o  2.0 g l⁻¹ were needed at Cd₀ = 400 mg l⁻¹ to achieve satisfactory results. Whereas X_o = 4.0 g l⁻¹ was effective to remove up to Cd₀ = 500 mg l⁻¹, a further increase in metal concentration (Cd₀ = 600 and 800 mg l⁻¹) led to progressive worsening of the system performance. At a given biomass levels, the kinetics of the process was better at low Cd²⁺ concentrations, while, raising the adsorbent level from 1.0 to 2.0 g l⁻¹ and then to 4.0 g l⁻¹, the rate constant of biosorption increased by about one order of magnitude in both cases and the adsorption capacity of the system progressively decreased from 357 to 149 mg g⁻¹.