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1.
J. C. Hunter 《Trees - Structure and Function》1997,11(3):169-175
For the angiosperm dominants of northern California’s mixed evergreen forests, this study compares the display of photosynthetic
tissue within leaves and along branches, and examines the correspondence between these morphological attributes and the known
environmental tolerances of these species. Measurements were made on both sun and shade saplings of six species: Arbutus
m
e
n
z
i
e
s
i
i (Ericaceae), C
h
r
y
s
o
l
e
p
i
s
c
h
r
y
s
o
p
h
y
l
l
a (Fagaceae), L
i
t
h
o
c
a
r
p
u
s
d
e
n
s
i
f
l
o
r
u
s (Fagaceae), Quercus
c
h
r
y
s
o
l
e
p
i
s (Fagaceae), Quercus
w
i
s
l
i
z
e
n
i
i (Fagaceae), and Umbellularia
c
a
l
i
f
o
r
n
i
c
a (Lauraceae). All species had sclerophyllous leaves with thick epidermal walls, but species differed in leaf specific weight,
thickness of mesophyll tissues and in the presence of a hypodermis, crystals, secretory idioblasts, epicuticular deposits,
and trichomes. The leaves of Arbutus were 2 – 5 times larger than those of C
h
r
y
s
o
l
e
p
i
s, L
i
t
h
o
c
a
r
p
u
s and Umbellularia and 4 – 10 times larger than those of both Quercus species. Together with differences in branch architecture, these leaf traits divide the species into groups corresponding
to environmental tolerances. Shade-tolerant C
h
r
y
s
o
l
e
p
i
s, L
i
t
h
o
c
a
r
p
u
s, and Umbellularia had longer leaf lifespans and less palisade tissue, leaf area, and crown mass per volume than the intermediate to intolerant
Arbutus and Quercus. Having smaller leaves, Quercus branches had more branch mass per leaf area and per palisade volume than other species, whereas Arbutus had less than other species. These differences in display of photosynthetic tissue should contribute to greater growth for
Quercus relative to the other species under high light and limited water, for Arbutus under high light and water availability, and for C
h
r
y
s
o
l
e
p
i
s, L
i
t
h
o
c
a
r
p
u
s, and Umbellularia under limiting light levels.
Accepted: 22 March 1996 相似文献
2.
3.
Kwang‐Su Lee Tae Hwa Kang Ji Woong Jeong Dong Pyo Ryu Heung‐Sik Lee 《Entomological Research》2015,45(5):225-234
A taxonomic review of the Korean Lymantria Hübner, 1819 was conducted. A total of nine species of five subgenera with two unrecorded species are listed: Lymantria (Porthetria) dispar Linnaeus 1758, L. (P.) xylina Swinhoe 1903, L. (Lymantria) monacha (Linnaeus 1758), L. (L.) minomonis Matsumura 1933 (new to Korea), L. (L.) similis monachoides Schintlimeister 2004 (new to Korea), L. (L.) lucescens (Butler 1881), L. (Nyctria) mathura Moore 1865, L. (Collentria) fumida Butler 1877, and L. (Spinotria) bantaizana Matsumura 1933. Lymantria (Lymantria) minomonis and L. (L.) similis monachoides are newly added to the Korean fauna. Lymantria (L.) minomonis was found only on Bogildo Island of Jeollanam‐do in the southern part of Korea, and L. (L.) similis monachoides was collected in central Korea. Lymantria (Porthetria) xylina and L. (Collentria) fumida were not examined in this study, and it is considered that the previous records were due to misidentification or they are only distributed in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. We provide diagnoses of two unrecorded species and adult habitus and genitalia photos of the Korean Lymantria species. 相似文献
4.
Russell Taylor 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2009,18(10):2563-2583
Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) is a long-term programmatic approach to rural development
that uses wildlife and other natural resources as a mechanism for promoting devolved rural institutions and improved governance
and livelihoods. The cornerstone of CAMPFIRE is the right to manage, use, dispose of, and benefit from these resources. Between
1989 and 2006, CAMPFIRE income, mostly from high valued safari hunting, totalled nearly USD
30 million, of which 52 allocated to sub-district wards and villages for community projects and household benefits. Whilst a number of assumptions underlying the success of CAMPFIRE as an innovative model for CBNRM have yet to be met, CAMPFIRE confirms the concept that devolving responsibility and accountability for natural resource management can be highly effective for the collective and participatory management of such resources. Elephant numbers in CAMPFIRE areas have increased and buffalo numbers are either stable or decreased slightly during the life of the programme. However, offtake quotas for these two species have increased with a concomitant decline in trophy quality. Although the amount of wildlife habitat diminished after 1980, following the commencement of CAMPFIRE the rate of habitat loss slowed down and in some specific instances was even reversed. More recently there has been increased pressure on habitats and other natural resources as a consequence of deterioraa
30 million, of which 52% was
allocated to sub-district wards and villages for community projects and household benefits. Whilst a number of assumptions
underlying the success of CAMPFIRE as an innovative model for CBNRM have yet to be met, CAMPFIRE confirms the concept that
devolving responsibility and accountability for natural resource management can be highly effective for the collective and
participatory management of such resources. Elephant numbers in CAMPFIRE areas have increased and buffalo numbers are either
stable or decreased slightly during the life of the programme. However, offtake quotas for these two species have increased
with a concomitant decline in trophy quality. Although the amount of wildlife habitat diminished after 1980, following the
commencement of CAMPFIRE the rate of habitat loss slowed down and in some specific instances was even reversed. More recently
there has been increased pressure on habitats and other natural resources as a consequence of deteriorating socio-economic
conditions in the country. Where devolution has been successful, promising results have been achieved and the recent acceptance
and implementation of direct payments to communities is probably the most significant development since 2000. That this has
happened can be attributed to CAMPFIRE enabling communities to maximize their roles within the existing set of rules, and
by so doing, allowing these rules to be challenged. Donor (73%) and government (27%) investments into the programme amounted
to 35 million during the period 1989 to 2003. Since 2003 however, donor funding has been reduced to <$600,000 over the past
5 years. 相似文献
5.
Hermann Eymann 《Development genes and evolution》1957,149(3):267-332
Ohne ZusammenfassungVerzeichnis der Abkürzungen
Ao
Aorta
-
Asp
Arteria spinalis ventralis
-
Aw
Aortenwurzel
-
Bg
Bindegewebe
-
Bl
Blut
-
Bo
Bombinator pachypus
-
Ch
Chorda
-
Deg
Degeneration
-
En
Entoderm
-
Ep
Ependym
-
Fm
Fasermasse
-
Fmv
Fissura mediana ventralis
-
Fpl
Flügelplatte
-
Gl
Glaesner-Stadium
-
Gpl
Grundplatte
-
Hch
Hypochorda
-
I
Implantat
-
iZ
internunciale Zellmasse
-
Km
Kernmasse
-
M
motorische Wurzelzelle
-
My
Myotom
-
Nb
Neuralbogen
-
PM
Pollister-Moore-Stadium
-
Pyk
Kernpyknose
-
Rv
Ramus ventralis
-
Spgl
Spinalganglion
-
Sy
Sympathicus
-
Tr
Triton alpestris
-
V4
4. Hirnventrikel
-
Vg
Vornierengang
-
W
Wirt
-
Zk
Zentralkanal
-
IX–X-Wurz
Wurzel des Glossopharyn-geus-Vagus-Komplexes 相似文献
6.
Roots of 40 taxa of higher plants (Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta) from two alpine study sites in Denali National Park and Preserve
in central Alaska were examined for their mycorrhizal colonization. We observed ectomycorrhizae on six species: Betula
nana, Salix
reticulata, Salix
polaris, Salix
arctica, Polygonum
viviparum, and Dryas
octopetala. Seven taxa, Cassiope
tetragona, Empetrum
nigrum, Ledum
palustre subsp. decumbens, Ledum
palustre subsp. groenlandicum, Loiseleuria
procumbens, Vaccinium
uliginosum and Vaccinium
vitis–idaea (all Ericales), had ericoid mycorrhizae. One species, Arctostaphylos
alpina, formed a typical arbutoid mycorrhiza. Two species (Sibbaldia
procumbens and Aconitum
delphinifolium) showed well-developed VA mycorrhizae, whereas three species of plants (Lycopodium
clavatum, Silene
acaulis and Oxytropis
scammaniana) had vesicles, but no arbuscules. The roots of 11 other plants (Lycopodium
clavatum, Lycopodium
selago, Silene
acaulis, Gentiana
algida, Lupinus
arcticus, Oxytropis
scammaniana, Pedicularis
langsdorffii, Pedicularis
capitata, Pedicularis
verticillata, Artemisia sp. and Carex
bigelowii) had a variety of intracellular colonizations which are referred to as dark septate fungi. No mycorrhizae were found on 12
other plants: Equisetum
arvense, Equisetum
variegatum, Lycopodium
alpinum, Polygonum
bistorta, Saxifraga
hieracifolia, Saxifraga
hirculus, Astragalus
alpinus, Pedicularis
kanei, Petasites
frigidus, Carex
podocarpa, Carex
microchaeta and Poa
arctica. A possible ecological role of dark septate fungi is discussed.
Accepted: 4 August 1995 相似文献
7.
The antifungal activities of volatile phase effects of essential oils from Origanum onites, O. syriacum, O. minutiflorum, O. vulgare, O, marjorana, Thymus vulgaris, T. serpyllum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis and Micromeria fruticosa were evaluated for their ability to inhibit growth of three vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) of Verticillium dahliae. Carvacrol was the main component of O. onites, O. minutiflorum and O. vulgare essential oils, while γ-terpinene was the main component of O. syriacum. P-cymene and thymol were the dominant component of T. vulgaris and T. serpyllum. β- thujone and l-camphor were the main component of S. officinalis. Polegone and isomenthone were the dominant components of M. fruticosa essential oil. Based on the in vitro test, the degree of fungistatical effects can be ranked in the following order of inhibition:
O. syriacum = O. onites = O. minutiflorum = O. vulgare = T. vulgaris > T. serpyllum > M. fruticosa > S. officinalis = O. marjorana > R. officinalis. The essential oils of S. officinalis, O. marjorana and R. officinalis displayed moderate antifungal activity, that increased with increasing concentrations. Among the VCGs, VCG2A and VCG4B were
found to be highly sensitive to the essential oils. The essential oils of O. syriacum, O. onites, O. minutiflorum, O. vulgare and T. vulgaris were the most efficacious, demonstrating strong antifungal activity against all of the tested VCGs of V. dahliae at relatively low concentrations and they could find practical application as natural fungicides in the prevention and protection
of plants from V. dahliae infections. 相似文献
8.
Dr. Heinz Borkott 《Zoomorphology》1970,67(3):183-262
Certain temperatures and H-Ion concentrations are necessary for the development of male and female reproductive organs. The differentiation of the reproductive system from undifferentiated cells conforms precisely with data on other species of Stenostomum.
Abkürzungen in den Abbildungen b Bindegewebszelle - c Cilien - cy Cytoplasma - d Darm - de Ductus ejaculatorius - dl Darmlumen - do Dotter - dr Drüsenzellen - lr Lÿckenraum - m Mundöffnung - n Nucleolus - np Nephroporus - o Ovar - p männlicher Genitalporus - pa parenchymatischer Raum - pf periembryonale Flüssigkeit - dse dorsale Epidermis - e dorsolaterale Epidermis - ed extraembryonaler Dotter - ee Epidermiseinstülpung - eh Epidermis +Hautmuskelschlauch - em Embryo - ex Exkretvakuole - f Freßzelle - g Gehirn - ga Gehirnanlagen - gr Granula - h Hautmuskelschlauch - hz Hüzllzelle - kl Versehlußkegel/Klebkegel - in indifferente Zelle - k Kern - kdr Klebdrüsenzelle(n) - kk kollabierter Kanal - kö Körnerkolbenzelle - kp Kopulationsorgan - ku Kufen - kw Körperwand - l Lichtsinnesorgan - li Linsenkörper - lk lichtbrechende Konkremente im Darmgewebe - ph Pharynx - phr Pharynxregion - pr Zentralkanal des Protonephridialsystems - ps Präspermatide - pu Punktfeld - q Zellquartett - r Riechgruben - rh Rhombuszellenband - rhb Rhabditen - rm Radiärmuskelzelle - rhs Rhabditenschleim - rs resorbierende Darmzelle(n) - s Schale - sc Spermatocyten - se Sekretgang - t Tastborste - ta Auflösungsprodukte des Hodens - te Hoden - to Terminalorgane(e) - tz Teilungszone - v Vakuole - w vermutliches Rudiment des weiblichen Genitalporus 相似文献
Abkürzungen in den Abbildungen b Bindegewebszelle - c Cilien - cy Cytoplasma - d Darm - de Ductus ejaculatorius - dl Darmlumen - do Dotter - dr Drüsenzellen - lr Lÿckenraum - m Mundöffnung - n Nucleolus - np Nephroporus - o Ovar - p männlicher Genitalporus - pa parenchymatischer Raum - pf periembryonale Flüssigkeit - dse dorsale Epidermis - e dorsolaterale Epidermis - ed extraembryonaler Dotter - ee Epidermiseinstülpung - eh Epidermis +Hautmuskelschlauch - em Embryo - ex Exkretvakuole - f Freßzelle - g Gehirn - ga Gehirnanlagen - gr Granula - h Hautmuskelschlauch - hz Hüzllzelle - kl Versehlußkegel/Klebkegel - in indifferente Zelle - k Kern - kdr Klebdrüsenzelle(n) - kk kollabierter Kanal - kö Körnerkolbenzelle - kp Kopulationsorgan - ku Kufen - kw Körperwand - l Lichtsinnesorgan - li Linsenkörper - lk lichtbrechende Konkremente im Darmgewebe - ph Pharynx - phr Pharynxregion - pr Zentralkanal des Protonephridialsystems - ps Präspermatide - pu Punktfeld - q Zellquartett - r Riechgruben - rh Rhombuszellenband - rhb Rhabditen - rm Radiärmuskelzelle - rhs Rhabditenschleim - rs resorbierende Darmzelle(n) - s Schale - sc Spermatocyten - se Sekretgang - t Tastborste - ta Auflösungsprodukte des Hodens - te Hoden - to Terminalorgane(e) - tz Teilungszone - v Vakuole - w vermutliches Rudiment des weiblichen Genitalporus 相似文献
9.
CHRISTOPHE DAUGERON PATRICK GROOTAERT 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》2005,145(3):339-391
Six clades are inferred from a phylogenetic analysis including 42 species belonging to the Empis (Coptophlebia) hyalea‐group. These clades are named as follows: E. (C.) acris, E. (C.) aspina, E. (C.) atratata, E. (C.) hyalea, E. (C.) jacobsoni and E. (C.) nahaeoensis. The presence of two dorsal more or less developed epandrial projections is considered autapomorphic for the E. (C.) hyalea‐group in addition to two characters previously found to support the monophyly of this group (presence of an unsclerotized zone in the middle of labella and epandrium unpaired). Amongst the cladistically analysed species, 24 are newly described [ E. ( C. ) acris , E. ( C. ) aspina , E. ( C. ) cameronensis , E. ( C. ) duplex , E. ( C. ) incurva , E. ( C. ) inferiseta , E. ( C. ) kuaensis , E. ( C. ) lachaisei , E. ( C. ) lamellalta , E. ( C. ) lata , E. ( C. ) loici , E. ( C. ) longiseta , E. ( C. ) mengyangensis , E. ( C. ) menglunensis , E. ( C. ) missai , E. ( C. ) nimbaensis , E. ( C. ) padangensis , E. ( C. ) parvula , E. ( C. ) projecta , E. ( C. ) pseudonahaeoensis , E. ( C. ) submetallica , E. ( C. ) urumae , E. ( C. ) vitisalutatoris and E. ( C. ) woitapensis ], five are reviewed [E. (C.) hyalea Melander, E. (C.) jacobsoni De Meijere, E. (C.) ostentator Melander, E. (C.) sinensis Melander and E. (C.) thiasotes Melander] and 13 were recently described in two previous papers. Two additional species, E. (C.) abbrevinervis De Meijere and E. (C.) multipennata Melander, are also reviewed but not included in the cladistic analysis since they are only known from the female. A lectotype is designated for E. (C.) jacobsoni. A key is provided to the six clades of the E. (C.) hyalea‐group as well as to species of each clade. A catalogue of the E. (C.) hyalea‐group, including 72 species, is given. The taxonomic status of 25 additional species mainly described by Bezzi and Brunetti, from the Oriental and Australasian regions, is discussed. The E. (C.) hyalea‐group is firstly recorded from the Palaearctic Region and Australia. Finally, the distribution and the habitats of the species compared with their phylogeny suggest a possible relationship between the diversification of the group and forest fragmentations during the Quaternary. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 145 , 339–391. 相似文献
10.
Food attraction of the fungivorous nematodes Aphelenchus avenae and Aphelenchoides spp. to seven fungal species (Pyrenochaeta lycopersici, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani strains AG 3 and AG 2‐1, Verticillium dahliae, Pochonia bulbillosa, Mortierella hyalina and Trichoderma harzianum) was determined on agar plates by counting the number of test nematodes present on the mycelium of each fungus 24 h after inoculation. Population growth of A. avenae and Aphelenchoides spp. on five of the seven fungi included in the attraction test (P. lycopersici, R. solani strain AG 3, V. dahliae, P. bulbillosa and T. harzianum) was also determined on agar plates by counting nematode numbers every week during a 6‐week period. A. avenae and Aphelenchoides spp. were attracted to all the fungi tested. A. avenae was preferentially attracted to V. dahliae (P < 0.0001), and Aphelenchoides spp. did not show any preference except for low attraction to R. solani. A. avenae and Aphelenchoides spp. reproduced on all fungal species tested. After 6 weeks of incubation, the highest number of nematodes was found on P. lycopersici and P. bulbillosa, while the lowest number occurred on R. solani for A. avenae and on T. harzianum for Aphelenchoides spp. The suitability of a fungus as a host was not clearly related to the attraction to that fungus. 相似文献
11.
Paul Steiner 《Zoomorphology》1930,17(1-2):1-67
Ohne ZusammenfassungErklärung der Ahkürzungen
AccB
Akzessorische Borsten
-
GuG
Gulargrube
-
Acoi
Antacoila
-
GuN
Gularnaht
-
Acor
Antacoria
-
GuRg
Gularregion
-
Acl
Anteclypeus
-
Hcd
Hypoeondylus
-
AcxS
Antecoxalstück
-
Hph
Hypopharynx
-
Ant
Antenne
-
HphSp
Hypopharyngealspange
-
Antr
Antennaria
-
LP
Labilapalpus
-
BSp
Basalspange
-
LTd
Labialsehne
-
Bant
Basantenna
-
L
Labium
-
Bmd
Basimandibula
-
Lb
Labium
-
Bd
Body
-
Lac
Lacinia
-
Cd
Cardo
-
LtOc
Lateralocellus
- Cl
Clypeus
-
Md
Mandibel
-
ClLbN
Clypeo-Labralnaht
-
Mx
Maxille
-
CN
Coronalnaht
-
MxP
Maxillarpalpus
-
Cpten
Corpotentorium
-
MxS
Maxillarsehne
-
DA
Dorsaler Arm
-
Mn
Mentum
-
Ecd
Epicondylus
-
Mnten
Metatentorium
-
Eph
Epipharynx
-
MO
Medianocellus
-
Eph Td
Epipharyngealsehne
-
MuGN
Midigularnaht
-
EphSk
Epipharyngealsklerite
-
Occ
Occiput
-
EphSp
Epipharyngealspange
-
OccFo
Oceipitalforamen
-
Ext
Extensor
-
OccN
Occipitalnaht
-
Faz
Fazettenauge
-
Odt
Odontoideum
-
Fr
Frons
-
ORg
Ocularregion
-
FrG
Frontalgrube
-
OW
Ocularwulst
-
FrN
Frontalnabt
-
Ppf
Papifer
-
FrS
Frontalstück
-
Ppg
Palpiger
-
FrCIN
Fronto-Clypealnaht
-
Pd
Pedicellus
-
Fun
Funiculus
-
Ph
Pharynx
-
Ga
Galea
-
Pcl
Postelypeus
-
Ge
Gena
-
Pcoi
Postcoila
-
GeN
Genalnaht
-
Pge
Postgena
-
Gg
Grundglied
-
Prcoi
Precoila
-
Gu
Gula
-
Prten
Pretentorium
-
Prsth
Prostheca
-
SZ
Sinneszäpfchen
-
Pa
Punktauge
-
Spd
Speieheldrüse
-
Rtr
Retractor
-
SpdM
Speicheldrüsenmündung
-
Sc
Scapes
-
St
Stipes
-
SB
Sinnesborsten
-
Sbmn
Submentum
-
SG
Sinnesgruben
-
Suten
Supratentorium
-
SK
Sinneskolben
-
VA
Ventraler Arm
-
SS
Sinnesstiftchen
-
V
x
Vertex 相似文献
12.
13.
报道了中国西藏自治区蕨类植物新记录2属,即粉叶蕨属(Pityrogramma)和肋毛蕨属(Ctenitis),以及新记录15种1变种——疏叶卷柏(Selaginella remotifolia)、粉叶蕨(Pityrogramma calomelanos)、云南网藤蕨(Lomagramma yunnanensis)、灰绿耳蕨(Polystichum scariosum)、高大复叶耳蕨(Arachniodes gigantea)、兆洪鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris wuzhaohongii)、亮鳞肋毛蕨(Ctenitis subglandulosa)、高山蹄盖蕨(Athyrium silvicola)、卵果双盖蕨(Diplazium ovatum)、肉刺双盖蕨(D.simile)、瘤羽假毛蕨(Pseudocyclosorus tuberculifer)、耳羽钩毛蕨(Cyclogramma auriculata)、尖嘴蕨(Lepisorus mucronatus)、黑鳞瓦韦(L.sordidus)、喙叶假瘤蕨(Selliguea rhynchophylla)和灰茎节肢蕨(Arthromeris himalayensis var.niphoboloides)。该文还对墨脱鳞盖蕨(Microlepia medogensis)的分类学处理提出了新的建议。凭证标本保存在上海辰山植物标本馆(CSH)。 相似文献
14.
Ohne ZusammenfassungZeichenerklärung
Aa
Augenanlage
-
Abs
Abdominalsegment 1–6
-
äG
äußeres Ganglion
-
Ak
Augenkapsel
-
Akb
Augenkapselbildungszellen
-
ä.Kr.
Äeßere Kreuzung
-
Bm
Basalmembran
-
Bz.
Basalzelle
-
Dv
Dorsalverfalzung
-
El
Elytre
-
Fe
Femur
-
Fg
Fettgewebe
-
GZ
Ganglienzellen
-
GMZ
Ganglienmutterzellen
-
HBH
hinterer Bildungsherd
-
HC
hintere Coxa
-
HPZ
Hauptpigmentzellen
-
Hy
Hypodormis
-
HZ
Stützzellen
-
Z
Imaginalscheibe
-
i.G.
inneres Ganglion
-
i.Kr.
innere Kreuzung
-
K
Kornea
-
KK
Kristallkegel
-
KKZ
Kristallkegelzellen
-
KZ
Korneagenzellen
-
LH
Lamellenhaare
-
MC
mittlere Coxa
-
MG
mittleres Ganglion
-
Neur
Neuroblast
-
Nf
Nervenfaser
-
N.opt.
Nervus opticus (Nervenbündelschict)
-
NPZ
Nebenpigmentzellen
-
N.st.
Nervus stemmaticus
-
o.A.
oberes Auge
-
P.
Punkte auf den Elytren mit Chitinzapfen
-
Ph
Phagozyten
-
R.
Rhabdom
-
Ret
Retinula
-
RZK
Retinulazellkerne
-
Ret.Z.
Retinulazellen
-
r.f.
Musculus rotator femuris
-
rud. St.
rudimentäre Stemmata
-
SZ
Sehzellen
-
S.V.
seitliche Verfalzung
-
Ta 1–4
Tarsus 1–4
-
Ti
Tibia
-
Ti.T.
Tibialtasche
-
Tr.
Trachee
-
u.A.
Unteres Auge
-
V.C.
vordere Coxa
-
VBH
vorderer Bildungsherd
-
Z
Zuwachszone
-
ZG
Zellgrenze 相似文献
15.
Wilfried Westheide II 《Zoomorphology》1967,61(1):1-159
Comparative studies of the genera Hesionides and Microphthalmus have produced a lot of results to anatomy, ecology, life history, locomotion and systematics (3 new species) of polychaetes. The small shape of the body, adhesive anal lobes, neuropods working like legs, aberrant complicated sexual organs, shape of the sperms, formation of spermatophores, development in cocoons, seasonal migrations etc. are considered as adaptations to the extreme environmental factors of sandy biotopes.
Abkürzungen in den Abbildungen a Auge - ac Acicula - al Anallappen - äö äußere Öffnung - aws apikaler Wimperschopf - bm Bauchmark - bl Blastoporus - bs Borstensack - d Darm - dam Darmmuskulatur - do Dorsalcirrus - ddz Darmdrüsenzelle - de Ductus ejaculatorius - dez drüsige Epidermiszelle - dg dorsales Blutgefäß - dgl Ductus glandularis - dlm dorsale Längsmuskulatur - dm Ductus muscularis - dme dorsales Mesenterium - drm dorsale Ringmuskulatur - drs Drüsensekrete - dt dorsaler Tentakel - dvm Dorsoventralmuskulatur - dz Drüsenzellen - ef Epidermisfalte - ei Ei - eko Endstück des Kopulationsorgans (Penis) - eog eosinophiles Gewebe ep Epidermis - ev Epidermisvakuolen - gd Gonodukt - gdga großer Drüsengang - gre Gregarine - gso Genitalsinnesorgan - gsp gespeicherte Spermien - h Haken - heb heterogomphe Borste - hm Hautmuskelschlauch - hph hinterer Pharynxabschnitt - la Lakune - lm Längsmuskulatur - lvm latero-ventrale Langsmuskulatur - lw Längsam schlagende Wimper - lz lamellenförmige Zunge - m Muskel - mb Muskelband - mbl Muskelblase - mes Mesoderm - mfz mittlere Faltungszone - mm Muskelmantel - mnop Muskulatur des Notopodiums - ms Mittelstück - mt medianer Tentakel - mu Mundoffnung - mvm medio-ventrale L:angsmuskulatur - k Kopf - kdga kleiner Drüsengang - ke Kern - ko Kopulationsorgan - ku Kutikula - n Nephridium - nei nicht zur Ablage gelangendes Ei - nep Neuropodium - ng Netzgewebe im Coelom - nop Notopodium - npg Neuropilemmasse des Gehirns - oe Oesophagus - öm männliche Geschlechtsöffnung - örcg Öffnung des receptaculären Gewebes (Vaginalporus) - öw weibliche Geschlechtsöffnung - p Penis - pam Parapodienmuskulatur - ph Pharynx - pha Pharynxauskleidung - phk Pharynxkappe - php Pharynxpapille - plm Plasmamantel - pH Penisnerv - pp Penispapille - prm Penisretraktormuskel - pro Protraktor - ps Parapodiensegment - py Pygidium - ra rudimentäres Auge - ram Radiärmuskulatur - ramz radiäre Muskelzelle - rcg receptaculäres Gewebe - rcs Receptaculum seminis - ret Retraktor - rim Ringmuskulatur - rpf roter Pigmentfleck - s Schwanz - sb Sägeborsten - sh Sinneshärchen - sho Schlundhöhle - sk Schlundkommissur - sn Saugnapf - sp Spermien - spgs Spermiogenesestadien - sph Sphinkter - stp Spermatophore - ssw schnell schlagende Wimper - sw Schlundwandung - ur Uriten - vc Ventralcirrus - ver Verdauungstrakt - vs Vesicula seminalis - wb Wimperbuschel - we Wimperepithel - wk Wimperkranz - wt Wimpertrichter - zy Zytophore 相似文献
Abkürzungen in den Abbildungen a Auge - ac Acicula - al Anallappen - äö äußere Öffnung - aws apikaler Wimperschopf - bm Bauchmark - bl Blastoporus - bs Borstensack - d Darm - dam Darmmuskulatur - do Dorsalcirrus - ddz Darmdrüsenzelle - de Ductus ejaculatorius - dez drüsige Epidermiszelle - dg dorsales Blutgefäß - dgl Ductus glandularis - dlm dorsale Längsmuskulatur - dm Ductus muscularis - dme dorsales Mesenterium - drm dorsale Ringmuskulatur - drs Drüsensekrete - dt dorsaler Tentakel - dvm Dorsoventralmuskulatur - dz Drüsenzellen - ef Epidermisfalte - ei Ei - eko Endstück des Kopulationsorgans (Penis) - eog eosinophiles Gewebe ep Epidermis - ev Epidermisvakuolen - gd Gonodukt - gdga großer Drüsengang - gre Gregarine - gso Genitalsinnesorgan - gsp gespeicherte Spermien - h Haken - heb heterogomphe Borste - hm Hautmuskelschlauch - hph hinterer Pharynxabschnitt - la Lakune - lm Längsmuskulatur - lvm latero-ventrale Langsmuskulatur - lw Längsam schlagende Wimper - lz lamellenförmige Zunge - m Muskel - mb Muskelband - mbl Muskelblase - mes Mesoderm - mfz mittlere Faltungszone - mm Muskelmantel - mnop Muskulatur des Notopodiums - ms Mittelstück - mt medianer Tentakel - mu Mundoffnung - mvm medio-ventrale L:angsmuskulatur - k Kopf - kdga kleiner Drüsengang - ke Kern - ko Kopulationsorgan - ku Kutikula - n Nephridium - nei nicht zur Ablage gelangendes Ei - nep Neuropodium - ng Netzgewebe im Coelom - nop Notopodium - npg Neuropilemmasse des Gehirns - oe Oesophagus - öm männliche Geschlechtsöffnung - örcg Öffnung des receptaculären Gewebes (Vaginalporus) - öw weibliche Geschlechtsöffnung - p Penis - pam Parapodienmuskulatur - ph Pharynx - pha Pharynxauskleidung - phk Pharynxkappe - php Pharynxpapille - plm Plasmamantel - pH Penisnerv - pp Penispapille - prm Penisretraktormuskel - pro Protraktor - ps Parapodiensegment - py Pygidium - ra rudimentäres Auge - ram Radiärmuskulatur - ramz radiäre Muskelzelle - rcg receptaculäres Gewebe - rcs Receptaculum seminis - ret Retraktor - rim Ringmuskulatur - rpf roter Pigmentfleck - s Schwanz - sb Sägeborsten - sh Sinneshärchen - sho Schlundhöhle - sk Schlundkommissur - sn Saugnapf - sp Spermien - spgs Spermiogenesestadien - sph Sphinkter - stp Spermatophore - ssw schnell schlagende Wimper - sw Schlundwandung - ur Uriten - vc Ventralcirrus - ver Verdauungstrakt - vs Vesicula seminalis - wb Wimperbuschel - we Wimperepithel - wk Wimperkranz - wt Wimpertrichter - zy Zytophore 相似文献
16.
Serological characterization of threeK-S interval recombinant strains, TBR2 (H-2
at2
), TBR3 (H-2
at3
) and AIR1 (H-2
a2
) was performed using anti-H-2, Ia, Ss and Slp antisera. The data presented here reveal that the crossover events in both TBR2 and TBR3 occurred between theI-A andI-E subregions. In both cases, theH-2K andI-A subregions were derived from theH-2
t1
chromosome, while theI-E, S andH-2D regions were derived from theH-2
b
chromosome (K
s
A
k
E
b
S
b
D
b
). TheH-2
a2
chromosome resulted from a crossover event between theH-2
a1
andH-2
i9
chromosomes. Ia and Ss typing of AIR1 suggested that theK toI-E regions originated fromH-2
a1
and theS andD regions originated fromH-2
i9
(K
k
A
k
E
k
S
b
D
d
). 相似文献
17.
J. Seifert 《Folia microbiologica》1973,18(5):386-389
Proceeding from three previously derived expressions for the intensity of nitrification in soil as a function of time (logΣN=K.logt+q), as a function of incubation moisture (logΣN=A.pF
i+B), as a function of initial moisture (logΣN=C.pF
v+D), it was shown that the nitrification intensity as a function of time and of moisture can be expressed by the bilinear function
log ΣN=a.pF
i.logT+b.pF
i+c.logt+d; as a function of time and of initial moisture by the bilinear function logΣ=N=a.pF
v.logt+b.pF
v+c.logt+d; as a function of initial and incubation moisture by the bilinear function log ΣN=a.pF
ipF
v+b.pF
i+c.pF
v+d. The intensity of nitrification as a function of time, incubation moisture and initial moisture may be expressed by the multilinear
function log ΣN=a.pF
i.pF
v.logt+b.pF
i.pF
v+c.pF
i.logt+d.pF
v.logt+e .pF
i+f.pF
v=g.logt+h. This function is valid for all the incubation moistures lying between pF
i 3.0 and 4.0 and for all initial moistures between 3.5 and 5.9 provided that the incubation temperature remains constant. 相似文献
18.
H. M. Rüffer Liwei Wan A. Lübbert K. Schügerl 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》1994,11(4):153-159
Gas-residence time distribution (RTD) response curves measured in a 23 m high pilot plant airlift tower loop reactor, which consisted of a riser, a special downcomer construction and at the top of the riser a large head. The measurements were evaluated by means of a deterministic dispersion model, which yielded the following particular parameters for the riser, downcomer and the head: Gas-Bo numbers, gas-mean residence times, gas holdups, liquid velocities, gas and liquid circulation times as well as a fraction of the large and small bubbles in a model medium (water) and during cultivation of baker's yeast.List of Symbols
A
cross section
-
Bo
Bodenstein number
-
Bo
d
(= l
d
w
G,d
/D
d
)
-
Bo
h
(= l
h
w
G,h
/D
h
)
-
Bo
r
(= l
r
w
G,r
/D
r
)
-
D
longitudinal dispersion coefficient
-
E
gas holdup
-
E(t)
RTD-density function
-
L, l
length parameter
-
q
fraction of the gas throughput which is not recirculated (approximately equal to fraction of the large bubbles)
-
r
fraction of the throughput which is recirculated (approximately equal to the fraction of the small bubbles)
-
t
c
circulation time
-
t
cL
liquid circulation time
-
t
c,L
*
liquid circulation time calculated from the measured w
Ld
in the downcomer
-
V
h
hydrodynamical calculated gas-liquid volume
-
V
d
h
(=V
d+0.75/2 V
k
)
-
V
k
h
=(0.25V
k
)
-
V
r
h
= (V
r+0.75/2 V
k
)
-
V
L
liquid volume
-
V
G
dispersed gas volume
-
V
G
*
gas throughput at the gas distributor (given in m3/h) under standard conditions, 1 bar and 25°C)
-
V
G,d
*
gas throughput in downcomer (=V
G
*
)
-
V
G,h
*
gas throughput in head (=V
G
*
)
-
V
G,r
*
gas throughput in riser (V
G
*
(1+)
-
w
g
gas velocity
-
w
G,rel
relative gas velocity with respect to the liquid velocity w
L
-
w
G,d
gas velocity in the downcomer (=w
G,rel
–w
Ld
)
-
w
G,h
gas velocity in the head (=w
G,rel
) (since wLh = o)
-
w
G,r
gas velocity in the riser (=w
G,rel
+w
Lr
)
-
w
L
liquid velocity
-
w
L,d
liquid velocity in the downcomer measured with mass flow meter
-
w
sg
·w
SL
superficial gas and liquid velocities
-
first moment of the response curve
-
mean residence time
Indices
d
downcomer
-
G
gas phase
-
h
head
-
L
liquid phase
-
r
riser
-
h
hydrodynamic (upper position)
Dedicated to the 65th birthday of Proffessor Fritz Wagner.The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the Krupp Industrietechnik, Grevenbroich and the support of Pleser Co, Darmstadt. H. M. Rüffer thanks the Verband der Chemischen Industrie for a Fond der Chemie scholarship, and W. Liwei thanks the government of Lower Saxony for a graduate scholarship. 相似文献
19.
Eckart Meyer 《Zoomorphology》1931,22(1):1-52
Ohne ZusammenfassungErklärung der Zeichen an den Abbildungen
A
Antenne
-
a A
Außenast der Tracheenkieme
-
bg F
bindegewebige Fasern
-
bg S
bindegewebiges Septum
-
Bl
Blutkörperchen
-
bl A
blind endigender Abschnitt des Blutraumes
-
BM
Beugemuskulatur
-
BR
Blutraum
-
BR c
Blutraum, zentraler
-
BR cf
Blutraum, zentrifugaler
-
BR cp
Blutraum, zentripetaler
-
BR l
Blutraum, lateraler
-
BR o
Blutraum, oberer
-
BR v
Blutraum, vorderer
-
C
Cuticula
-
cf
caudal vorspringende Falte
-
c G
caudate Gefäße
-
Co
Coxa
-
D
Darmtraktus
-
d A 1
dorsale Ampulle Mesothorax
-
d A 2
dorsale Ampulle Metathorax
-
F
Fettkörper
-
Fa
Facettenauge
-
Fe
Femur
-
Fl
Flügel
-
Fl M
Flügelmuskeln
-
Fls
Flügelscheiden
-
FM
Flugmuskulatur
-
G
Gonade
-
Go
Ganglion cerebrate
-
Go
Ganglion opticum
-
Hy
Hypodermis
-
HA
Hinterrandader des Flügels
-
iA
Innenast der Tracheenkieme
-
I h
hintere Insertion der Membran
-
I v
vordere Insertion der Membran
-
L
Labrum
-
Lac
Blutlacune
-
Li h
hintere Ostienlippe
-
Li v
vordere Ostienlippe
-
Lm
Längsmuskulatur
-
Lu
gefäßartiges Lumen
-
M
Membran
-
m A
mesenterienartige Aufhängung des Räckengefäßes
-
Me A
äußere Membran der Herzwandung
-
Me I
innere Membran der Herzwandung
-
Mss
Muskelschicht
-
Mu
Muskulatur
-
Mu qu
querverlaufender Muskel
-
N
Nervensystem bzw. Nerv
-
O
Ostie
-
O
vordere Ostien
-
O h
hintere Ostien
-
Oc l
laterale Ocelle
-
Oc m
mediane Ocelle
-
Oe
Ösophagus
-
PD
Pericardialdiaphragma
-
PK
Palméenscher Körper
-
Rgf
Rückengefäß
-
S
Sehne
-
SK
Schwanzkammer
-
SM
Streckmuskulatur
-
SO
Sinnesorgan
-
sV
schildartige Verbreiterung
-
Ta
Tarsus
-
Te
Tentorium
-
Th D
thorakales Diaphragma
-
Ti
Tibia
-
Tr
Trachee
-
Tr K
Tracheenkieme
-
Tro
Trochanter
-
Tv H
hinteres Taschenventil
-
Tv V
vorderes Taschenventil
-
V
Verdickung
-
VL
Ventillippe
-
V
vermutete Ventileinrichtung
-
Z
Zellanhäufung 相似文献
20.
Annaliese Grabenhorst 《Zoomorphology》1930,18(3):430-473
Ohne ZusammenfassungErklärung der Abkürzuugen
äBh
äuBerer Bildungsherd
-
äKs
äuBere Kornerschicht
-
äKs
1
äuBere Kornerschicht der Lamina ganglionaris
-
äKs
2
äuBere Kornerschicht der Medulla externa
-
äKs
3
äuBere Kornerschicht der Medulla interna
-
BmT
Basalmembran des Turbanauges
-
Bz
Blutzellen
-
Cf
Commissuralfasern der Medulla interns
-
Che
Chiasma externum
-
Chf
Chiasmafasern
-
Chi
Chiasma internum
-
Com
Commissur
-
Dlg
Deuterolamina ganglionaris
-
Dme
Deuteromedulla externa
-
Dmi
Deuteromedulla interna
-
F
Frontauge
-
Fa
Frontanteil des Auges
-
Gz
Ganglienzellen
-
gGz
große Ganglienzellen
-
iBh
innerer Bildungsherd
-
iKs
innere Kornerschicht
-
iKs
1
innere Kornerschicht der Lamina ganglionaris
-
iKs
2
innere Kornerschicht der Medulla externa
-
iKs
3
innere Kornerschicht der Medulla interna
-
Lg
Lamina ganglionaris
-
Md
Mitteldarm
-
Me
Medulla externa
-
Mi
Medulla internal
-
Mt
Mitose
-
Mt
1
Mitose, aus der Neuroblasten hervorgehen
-
Mt
2
Mitose, aus der Urganglienzellen hervorgehen
-
Mt
3
Mitose, aus der Ganglienzellen hervorgehen
-
Nb
Nervenbündel
-
Nbl
Neuroblast
-
NbS
Nervenbündel des Seitenauges
-
NbT
Nervenbündel des Turbanauges
-
Ng
Neuroglia
-
NLg
Neuroblasten der Lamina ganglionaris
-
Nom
Neurommatidium
-
Nst
Neuroblastenstreifen zwischen Medulla externa and Medulla interna. bzw. Deuteromedulla externa und interna
-
Oc
Ocellus
-
Osg
Oberschlundganglion
-
P
Pigment
-
Pr
Protocerebrum
-
PS
Pigmentschicht des Seitenauges
-
S
Seitenauge
-
Sa
Seitenanteil des Auges
-
Sb
Sehfaserbündel, ins Protocerebrum ziehend
-
Stz
Stützzelle
-
T
Turbanauge
-
Ta
Turbanaugenanlage
-
Tr
Trachee
-
Trk
Tracheenkern
-
Ugz
Urganglienzelle
-
Usg
Unterschlundganglion
-
Vd
Vorderdarm 相似文献