SD大鼠与Wistar大鼠脑胶质瘤动物模型的建立及比较

目的比较利用SD大鼠、Wistar大鼠建立脑胶质瘤动物模型的不同,为研究脑胶质瘤的发病机制及治疗方法提供操作平台。方法利用立体定向仪建立SD大鼠、Wistar大鼠大脑皮层接种C6细胞（2.5×105个细胞/只）,建立脑胶质瘤动物模型,利用组织病理学、免疫组织化学以及核磁共振成像等技术,比较两种动物模型在成瘤率、肿瘤生长状况、死亡率以及动物一般情况等方面的异同。结果SD大鼠组、Wistar大鼠组的成瘤率均为100%,两组均未见转移;但SD大鼠组肿瘤成瘤时间较长,且部分肿瘤有自愈倾向,而Wistar大鼠组则未出现类似情况。结论Wistar大鼠大脑皮层脑胶质瘤动物模型的肿瘤性状更接近于人的脑胶质瘤,因此更适合探索和研究脑胶质瘤的发病机制和治疗方法;而SD大鼠的肿瘤由于性状类似转移瘤,且有自愈倾向,不适合作为上述相关研究的动物模型。     

Wistar大鼠实验性动脉粥样硬化的研究

目的　使用普通级雄性Wistar大鼠灌胃给药 (L 蛋氨酸 )进行动脉粥样硬化模型的研究。方法　模型组分别给药 (L 蛋氨酸 ) 2 30mg 只 (A组 )和 4 5 0mg 只 (B组 )每隔 7天进行一次血脂检查及主动脉弓常规病理组织学检查。结果　服药后引起动物血脂紊乱 ,病理组织学检查服药 8周时实验A组与B组均见到主动脉弓局部内膜下水肿 ,同期B组 (高剂量组 )病理改变重于A组 (低剂量组 ) ,偶见泡沫细胞和单核细胞侵润。对照组无上述相关改变。结论　Wistar大鼠服用L 蛋氨酸一定时间后可引起血脂的紊乱及主动脉弓局部内膜下的病变     

鱼肝油酸钠所致大鼠去势动物模型的实验研究

采用５ ％ 的鱼肝油酸钠（Ｓｏｄｉｕｍ ｍｏｒｒｈｕａｔｅ, ＳＭ） 直接注射入大鼠睾丸内, 结果发现大鼠睾丸萎缩变小; 曲细精管及间质组织完全变性坏死; 血清睾酮含量显著下降; 定量观察指标显示注射ＳＭ 大鼠的性功能基本丧失。此法操作简单, 安全有效, 可以替代动物的手术去势方法。     

HFJ和Wistar大鼠脂肪肝及胰岛素抵抗动物模型的比较

目的建立近交系HFJ大鼠和封闭群Wistar大鼠脂肪肝胰岛素抵抗动物模型及比较其生物学特性。方法雄性HFJ大鼠和Wistar大鼠,分别随机分为模型组和正常组,模型组喂养高脂饮食,正常组喂养普通饮食,两组脂肪分别占摄入能量的44.2%和19.2%,共饲养12周。每周称体质量,测定血糖、甘油三酯、胆固醇、ALT、AST、HDLC、LDLC和血胰岛素水平。实验期末处死动物摘取肝脏并称质量,计算肝指数;鼠肝脏用10%甲醛固定,石蜡包埋切片,HE染色,光镜下评估肝脂肪变性和炎症活动情况。结果镜下可见,HFJ和Wistar大鼠模型组肝细胞均呈现弥漫性脂肪变性,小叶内可见炎症细胞浸润,HFJ比Wistar脂肪变性较重,对照组肝脏均未见异常。两种动物的模型组ALT、AST、肝指数、HOMA-IR指数均显著高于其正常组,HFJ和Wistar种系间各指标的差异无显著性;HFJ大鼠模型组体重和正常组体重具有显著性差异(P<0.01),而Wistar大鼠模型组体重与正常组体重间无显著差异(P>0.05);HFJ大鼠TG和TC含量均显著高于Wistar大鼠。结论通过高脂饮食喂养成功建立了HFJ大鼠和Wistar大鼠脂肪肝与胰岛素抵抗疾病动物模型,与Wistar大鼠比较,HFJ大鼠具有自发性高血脂特征,造模更易成功,可为胰岛素抵抗和脂肪肝的发病机制研究、防治高血脂药物筛选提供一种新的实验动物。     

大鼠心肌梗死动物模型的制备

目的建立一种稳定可重复的大鼠急性心肌梗死动物模型。方法SD大鼠经口气管插管,呼吸机辅助呼吸,开胸结扎冠脉左前降支。术后28 d行心脏超声,血流动力学及组织病理学检查。结果大鼠术后存活率60%;手术组LVEF较假手术组显著降低（P〈0.01）;与假手术组比,手术组的LVSP明显下降（P〈0.05）,±dp/dt显著降低（P〈0.01）,而LVEDP明显升高（P〈0.01）;病理组织学检查可见瘢痕形成,纤维组织增生。结论本文建立心肌梗死动物模型的方法操作简便、重复性好。     

脂联素抗冠状动脉粥样硬化机制的研究进展

脂联素是近年来发现的具有抗冠状动脉粥样硬化作用的脂肪因子,它是脂肪细胞分泌的一种蛋白质,分别在粥样斑块形成早期、粥样斑块形成过程中和粥样斑块的稳定性等多个方面发挥抗粥样硬化的作用.脂联素的抗粥样硬化机制是一个复杂的病理生理机制,包括维护动脉内皮细胞的正常功能、抑制巨噬细胞和平滑肌细胞的迁移和增生、稳定粥样斑块等.脂联素的抗动脉粥样硬化作用显示了巨大的临床应用潜力.     

大鼠动脉粥样硬化动物模型的建立和评价

目的利用免疫损伤和高脂喂养结合的方法建立大鼠动脉粥样硬化（atherosclerosis,AS）动物模型。方法5周龄Wistar大鼠腹腔注射卵清白蛋白和尾静脉注射牛血清白蛋白佐以灌喂维生素D3,高脂饲料喂养大鼠,FeSO4加入到饮水中。检测大鼠不同时间的血脂水平、血液生化指标和病理变化。结果（1）AS模型组的TC、HDL、LDL显著高于正常对照组（6.1±2.52比1.3±0.10;2.46±1.01比1.02±0.13;3.76±1.67比0.52±0.063;P〈0.05）。（2）模型组的C反应蛋白（CRP）、心肌激酶（CK）、心肌激酶同工酶（CK-Mb）显著高于正常对照组（4.99±2.26比0.183±0.160;996.3±82.8比293.8±167.1;669.5±128.1比177.5±86.5;P〈0.05）。（3）采用HE染色发现模型组大鼠的主动脉出现斑块的沉积,而正常大鼠无病变的产生。结论该方法能够诱导大鼠产生高血脂症状,随着时间的延长心肌发生损伤,同时出现炎症症状,并在动脉壁上形成斑块。     

Wistar大鼠胶原诱导的关节炎造模因素的分析

目的通过比较不同的造模方法,分析影响胶原诱导关节炎（collagen-induced arthritis,CIA）大鼠模型建立的因素。方法选用Wistar大鼠造模,通过改变性别、剂量、年龄、注射部位及免疫方式,来比较造模成功率。结果不同性别、剂量、年龄及免疫方式造模成功率不同。结论4～5周龄Wistar雌性大鼠,初次免疫注射乳剂4点共0.20 mL,加强免疫在14 d之后3点共0.15 mL的造模成功率最高。     

离乳大鼠假性性早熟模型的建立及对雌活性物质的应答

以雌激素含量明确的避孕药物作诱导剂观察了其对离乳Wistsar大鼠性成熟的影响,结果显示在给予避孕药后体重、乳腺、阴门、阴道上皮细胞、卵巢、子宫均发生类似人体假性性早熟变化,而肾上腺、脑垂体、甲状腺等与对照组比较均未见明显差异。     

炎症与动脉粥样硬化及冠状动脉疾病的关系

炎症在冠状动脉疾病和其他动脉粥样硬化性疾病中起着重要作用.在动脉粥样硬化早期病变处存在大量的免疫细胞,它们所分泌的一系列细胞因子加速病变的进程,激活炎症反应导致急性冠脉综合症的发生.动脉粥样硬化,是冠状动脉疾病的主要病因,是一种炎性疾病,炎症因子参与到免疫反应过程中,使得动脉壁处的病变得以发生、蔓延和活化.     

Measurement of coronary bifurcation angle with coronary CT angiography: A phantom study

PurposeAccurate determination of the bifurcation angle and correlation with plaque buildup may lead to the prediction of coronary artery disease (CAD). This work evaluates two techniques to measure bifurcation angles in 3D space using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).Materials and MethodsNine phantoms were fabricated with different bifurcation angles ranging from 55.3° to 134.5°. General X-ray and CCTA were employed to acquire 2D and 3D images of the bifurcation phantoms, respectively. Multiplanar reformation (MPR) and volume rendering technique (VRT) were used to measure the bifurcation angle between the left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex arteries (LCx). The measured angles were compared with the true values to determine the accuracy of each measurement technique. Inter-observer variability was evaluated. The two techniques were further applied on 50 clinical CCTA cases to verify its clinical value.ResultsIn the phantom setting, the mean absolute differences calculated between the true and measured angles by MPR and VRT were 2.4° ± 2.2° and 3.8° ± 2.9°, respectively. Strong correlation was found between the true and measured bifurcation angles. Furthermore, no significant differences were found between the bifurcation angles measured using either technique. In clinical settings, large difference of 12.0° ± 10.6° was found between the two techniques.ConclusionIn the phantom setting, both techniques demonstrated a significant correlation to the true bifurcation angle. Despite the lack of agreement of the two techniques in the clinical context, our findings in phantoms suggest that MPR should be preferred to VRT for the measurement of coronary bifurcation angle by CCTA.     

Association of male pattern baldness with angiographic coronary artery disease severity and collateral development

Objective

We aimed to investigate whether there is an association between male pattern baldness and angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD) severity and collateral development, which has not been reported previously.

Methods

Coronary arteriograms, CAD risk factors, lipid parameters and presence and severity of baldness in 511 male patients were prospectively evaluated. Baldness was classified into five groups. Severity of CAD was evaluated with the Gensini scoring system and collateral development with Rentrop scores.

Results

Although subjects with a higher Gensini score had more frequent and severe baldness, they were older than the group with lower Gensini scores. Bald patients had a higher Gensini score when compared with their non-bald counterparts. In univariate analysis, age more than 60, body mass index more than 30, smoking and baldness were predictors of high Gensini scores. In multivariate analysis, only age more than 60, body mass index more than 30 and smoking were independent predictors of a high Gensini score. There were no differences in terms of presence and severity of baldness in subjects with and without adequate collateral development.

Conclusions

There was no relation between presence, severity and age of occurrence of male pattern baldness and Gensini and Rentrop scores, which are important measures of presence and severity of CAD.     

Polymorphisms of the uridine-diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase 1A1 gene and coronary artery disease

Bilirubin, an antioxidant in the blood, plays a role in protection from atherosclerosis. The level of bilirubin is highly correlated to the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Unconjugated bilirubin is conjugated with glucuronic acid through the reaction of uridine 5′-diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1). The interactions of CAD and the variations in the coding regions of the UGT1A1 gene have never been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of the UGT1A1 variant on the incidence of CAD. There were 135 participants in this study: 61 in the experimental group, who had CAD, and 74 in the control group, who did not have CAD. The blood samples from all 135 participants were collected and assayed to clarify the relationship between bilirubin and CAD. The assay of the polymerase chain reaction and the sequence of the UGT1A1 gene were examined to find the gene’s polymorphisms. The bilirubin levels for the participants in the control group were significantly higher than for the patients in the CAD group. Although the concentration of bilirubin in the UGT1A1 variant was higher than the wild type for the patients in the CAD group, there was no significant difference in the polymorphism of UGT1A1 between the patients in the CAD group and the participants in the control group.     

High plasma leptin levels are associated with impaired diastolic function in patients with coronary artery disease

Background and aimsObese subjects have elevated leptin levels, which have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. Because leptin has direct cellular effects on various tissues, we tested the hypothesis that leptin levels are associated with cardiac structure or function in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods and resultsThe study population consisted of 1 601 CAD patients, of whom 42% had type 2 diabetes mellitus. Plasma leptin was measured in fasted state and an echocardiography performed. Leptin levels were not related to LV dimensions or LV ejection fraction (NS for all), but higher leptin levels were associated with elevated E/E’ (9.43 vs. 11.94 in the lowest and the highest leptin quartile, respectively; p = 0.018 for trend). Correspondingly, a decreasing trend was observed in E/A (1.15 vs. 1.06; p = 0.037). These associations were independent of obesity and other relevant confounding variables.ConclusionWe conclude that elevated plasma leptin levels are associated with impaired left ventricular diastolic function in patients with CAD independently of obesity and other confounding variables. Leptin may be one of the mechanistic links explaining the development of congestive heart failure in obese subjects.     

Ultrastructural localization of nitric oxide synthase and endothelin in coronary and pulmonary arteries of newborn rats

This is the first report on the ultrastructural distribution of nitric oxide synthase and endothelin immunoreactivities in the coronary and pulmonary arteries of newborn Wistar rats. The distribution of nitric oxide synthase and endothelin was investigated using pre-embedding peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemistry. In both arteries examined, positive labelling for nitric oxide synthase was localized both in the endothelium and smooth muscle, whereas positive labelling for endothelin was localized in the endothelium exclusively. In the coronary artery, approximately 80% and 55% of the endothelial cells examined were positive for nitric oxide synthase and endothelin, respectively, whereas in the pulmonary artery, 77% and 60% of the endothelial cells were positive for nitric oxide synthase and endothelin, respectively. These findings indicate that nitric oxide synthase and endothelin are colocalized in some of the endothelial cells of the newborn rat. In the endothelium, nitric oxide synthase and endothelin immunoreactivities were distributed throughout the cell cytoplasm and in association with the membranes of intracellular organelles. In smooth muscle, a relationship of nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity to endoplasmic reticulum was observed in the pulmonary artery. In summary, in the newborn rat, endothelial cells of the coronary and pulmonary artery are rich in nitric oxide synthase (neuronal isoform) and endothelin, and it is suggested therefore that they may be substantially involved in vasomotor control of the cardiac and pulmonary circulation during early stages of postnatal development.     

多层螺旋CT Flash Spiral模式老年冠状动脉成像的图像质量及影响因素分析

目的:探讨老年多层螺旋CT Flash Spiral模式和Spiral模式的冠状动脉动脉成像质量及其影响因素。方法:选择我院2010年1月~2012年12月行多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像老年患者186例,根据心率和心律将患者分为两组:A组98例行Flash Spiral模式扫描;B组88例行Spiral模式扫描,对两组扫描的冠状动脉分别做图像后处理。比较两组患者的一般情况、图像质量评分及辐射剂量,并统计分析心率变异性对图像质量的影响。结果:两组患者在年龄、性别构成、体重指数(BMI)、钙化积分方面差异无统计学意义(均P0.05);在心率、心率变异性方面,A组明显低于B组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);两组患者图像质量评分、图像噪声及对比信噪比(CNR)相比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);不可诊断节段基于血管节段评价A组和B组分别为1.98%和2.21%,基于患者评价分别为8.16%和6.82%,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05);A组扫描时间、容积CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)、单位有效剂量(ED)小于B组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);心率变异性10次/min患者冠状动脉图像质量明显低于心率变异性5~10次/min和≤5次/min(P0.05)。结论:采用多层螺旋CT Flash Spiral模式扫描老年冠状动脉成像质量与Spiral模式接近,但有效辐射剂量明显减少。心率变异性是影响老年患者Flash Spiral模式扫描图像质量的重要因素。     

Toll-like receptor 8 polymorphism and coronary artery disease

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play roles in innate and adaptive immune responses. Some TLRs are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Coronary artery disease (CAD) has an inflammatory and immunological basis. We investigated whether TLR8 Met1Val and TLR8-129G>C single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs rs3764879 and rs3764880) are associated with CAD in the Chinese population. We enrolled 412 consecutive patients (185 with coronary stenosis ≥50% or previous myocardial infarction and 227 controls). Ligase detection reaction was performed to detect SNPs rs3764879 and rs3764880 of TLR8. The SNP at rs3764879 is in complete linkage disequilibrium with rs3764880. No significant difference was found in genotypic or allelic frequencies of these two common SNPs between CAD cases and controls (P > 0.05, respectively). No associations existed between these two SNPs and the severity of coronary artery stenosis (All P > 0.05). These results do not support an involvement of SNPs rs3764879 and rs3764880 of TLR8 in predisposition to CAD. Z. Chen and G. Ma contributed equally to this paper.     

原发性高血压合并冠心病患者血清CRP的变化

目的:探讨原发性高血压合并不同类型冠心病患者血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)的变化及其意义。方法:用全自动生化分析仪检测71例原发性高血压患者和28例健康对照组人群的血清CRP水平,所有研究对象均行选择性冠状动脉造影检查。将原发性高血压组病人根据冠脉造影检查分为单纯原发性高血压组(EH),原发性高血压合并稳定性心绞痛组(EH+SAP)、原发性高血压合并不稳定心绞痛组(EH+UAP)、原发性高血压合并心肌梗死组(EH+MI),比较各组患者血清CRP水平的差异。结果:①与对照组比较,EH组及EH合并CAD各组患者血清CRP均显著升高(P0.05);②与EH组比较,EH+UAP和EH+MI组血清CRP水平均显著升高(P0.01);③与EH+SAP组比较,EH+AMI组和EH+UAP组血清CRP水平均显著升高(P0.01)。结论:冠心病合并原发性高血压患者血CRP水平与冠状动脉病变程度与斑块稳定程度存在正相关性。     

血清尿酸水平与冠心病的相关性研究

目的:众多关于血清尿酸水平与冠心病发展预后的相关性研究结果不一。本研究旨在通过对上海市第一人民医院入院患者的临床资料分析,研究血清尿酸水平与冠心病之间关系。方法:选择2008年7月至2009年4月上海地区、汉族就诊于我院的患者(123例),按入选排除标准,将入院患者分为冠心病组和对照组,分析尿酸水平与冠心病的关系。结果:男性(81.4%vs 51.6%)、吸烟(49.2%vs 21.9%)、血清尿酸水平升高(6.10±1.2 mg/dl vs 5.37±1.5 mg/dl)为冠心病的危险因素,统计值分别为0.02,0.02,0.005。血尿酸水平升高与血管病变严重程度成正相关,除单支血管病变外,双支血管病变患者尿酸水平为(6.11±1.07)mg/dl,对照组为(5.37±1.55)mg/dl,P0.05,三支病变患者尿酸水平为(6.84±1.29)mg/dl,P0.05。结论:血清尿酸水平升高与冠心病的发生、及病变严重程度密切相关。对冠心病患者的预防和治疗中,应重视对尿酸水平的监测。尿酸水平能否作为冠心病患者预后、转归的预测因子以及降低尿酸水平的治疗能否给冠心病患者带来收益有待进一步的研究。