帕罗西汀对慢性萎缩性胃炎患者血清胃泌素和胃动素水平的影响

目的:探讨帕罗西汀对慢性萎缩性胃炎患者血清胃泌素和胃动素水平的影响及临床意义。方法:选取我院收治的80例慢性萎缩性胃炎患者,根据治疗方案不同分为常规组及试验组。常规组采用奥美拉唑治疗,试验组采用帕罗西汀治疗,观察并比较两组患者治疗前后血清胃酸度、总酸排出量、复发率、胃动素及胃泌素水平的变化情况。结果:与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后胃酸及总酸排出量均升高,胃动素及胃泌素水平均降低,且试验组患者胃酸及总酸排出量明显高于常规组,胃动素及胃泌素水平明显低于常规组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,试验组复发率为7.5%(3/40),常规组复发率为30.0%(12/40),试验组复发率明显低于常规组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:帕罗西汀可促进慢性萎缩性胃炎患者血清胃泌素及胃动素水平的改善,可作为临床治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的有效方案。     

柴半六合汤对慢性肾衰竭模型大鼠血清胃泌素、胃动素及生长抑素的影响(英文)

目的:观察柴半六合汤对慢性肾衰竭(CRF)模型大鼠血清胃泌素(GAS)、胃动素(MTL)、生长抑素(SS)水平的影响,探讨其作用机制。方法:采用5/6肾切除的方法复制CRF大鼠模型,设立假手术组、模型组、柴半六合汤高剂量组、低剂量组、尿毒清对照组,检测血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、胃泌素(GAS)、胃动素(MTL)及生长抑素(SS),取胃粘膜行HE染色,光镜下观察其组织病理变化。结果:用药各组大鼠治疗后Scr、BUN低于模型组;柴半六合汤高剂量组大鼠Scr、BUN、GAS、MTL低于低剂量组、SS高于低剂量组;柴半六合汤高、低剂量组大鼠GAS、MTL低于尿毒清对照组、SS高于尿毒清对照组。结论:柴半六合汤通过降低CRF模型大鼠GAS、MTL水平、SS升高水平,改善胃肠道症状。     

莫沙必利对糖尿病胃轻瘫大鼠胃窦Cajal间质细胞的影响

目的:研究莫沙必利对糖尿病胃轻瘫大鼠胃窦Cajal间质细胞(ICC)的影响。方法:将48只SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、莫沙必利组,各组分别16只。模型组、莫沙必利组大鼠给予一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素后建立糖尿病胃轻瘫模型,建模第10天起,莫沙必利组大鼠给予莫沙必利注灌胃治疗。建模30周后,检测各组大鼠的血糖水平、胃残留率,通过采用电生理学方法检测各组大鼠胃动力,并采用免疫组化染色方法检测各组胃窦ICC的相对数量。结果:模型组大鼠胃残留率明显高于正常组大鼠(P0.05),而给予莫沙必利后胃残留率显著降低(P0.05);模型组大鼠胃电图波幅和频率均明显低于正常组大鼠(P0.05),而给予莫沙必利后胃电图波幅和频率明显增加(P0.05);模型组大鼠胃窦ICC明显低于正常组大鼠(P0.05),而给予莫沙必利后胃窦ICC有所增加(P0.05)。结论:莫沙必利可显著改善糖尿病胃轻瘫大鼠的胃动力,可能与其增加胃窦Cajal间质细胞有关。     

胃动素和胃泌素引起大鼠胃窦平滑肌细胞收缩的信号转导通路

应用大鼠游离胃窦平滑肌细胞,观察胃动素和胃泌素对胃窦平滑肌细胞收缩作用的胞内信号转导通路。结果显示：⑴胃动素和胃泌素对胃窦平滑肌细胞均有收缩作用;⑵Ｇａｉ－３抗体可抑制胃动素和胃泌素加强胃窦平滑肌细胞的收缩,胃动素、胃泌明显增加Ｇａｉ－３抗体与「＾３５Ｓ」ＣＴＰγＳ的结合;⑶磷脂酶抑制剂Ｕ－７３１２２、三磷酸肌醇受体拮抗剂肝素可抑制胃坳素和胃泌素引起的胃窦平滑肌细胞的收缩。结果表明：胃坳素和胃泌表     

失重/模拟失重对内皮细胞的影响实验研究进展

血管内皮作为血管壁的衬里,参与调节组织器官的局部血流和机体其它生理进程,在维持血管完整性和内环境稳定中发挥关键作用。内皮细胞对包括重力在内的机械应力刺激极为敏感,重力变化可对其形态和功能构成不同程度的影响。研究发现,失重/模拟失重通过诱导内皮细胞细胞骨架重塑、质膜caveolae重布,使其合成分泌血管活性物质、炎性介质的能力以及细胞表面粘附分子表达发生改变,这些分子变化又对内皮细胞的生长、增殖、凋亡、迁移和血管生成等具有精细调控作用。本文综合评述了失重/模拟失重对内皮细胞功能的影响,同时围绕文献报道中一些尚存争议的观点进行了适当讨论。     

大鼠膀胱Cajal间质细胞的分离、培养和鉴定

目的:探索大鼠膀胱Cajal间质细胞(ICC)的分离和培养方法,为进一步研究其在膀胱中的作用提供条件.方法:取大鼠的膀胱组织,采用Ⅱ型胶原酶酶解法分离细胞,将细胞悬液接种于含50ng/ml SCF、15%(v/v)FBS的DMEM培养基中,进行培养.用c-kit特异性杭体标记细胞,免疫荧光鉴定ICC细胞.结果:培养8小时后的ICC贴壁良好,并保持其固有特征:两个长的突起,多个短的侧突.胞体小,核大,c-kit抗体荧光染色阳性.结论:酶解法分离大鼠膀胱ICC并培养成功.     

模拟失重对大鼠肠道菌群影响的研究

目的：研究模拟失重条件下大鼠肠道菌群变化情况。方法：选择性培养基分别对肠球菌、肠杆菌、类杆菌、乳杆菌以及双歧杆菌进行定量测定,扫描电镜观察大鼠盲肠上皮细胞的组织变化。结果：过路菌群中肠杆菌和肠球菌数量增加显著;原籍菌群中双歧杆菌减少十分明显,乳杆菌的数量也有不同程度的减少,而类杆菌的数量有增加的趋势。SD大鼠盲肠出现了肿胀细胞,上皮细胞颈毛排列紊乱、稀疏。结论：模拟失重条件下大鼠肠道微生态出现平衡失调。     

雌激素和孕激素对切除卵巢大鼠血清胃泌素水平和胃酸分泌的影响

卵巢切除两周后大鼠血清胃泌素水平升高和胃酸分泌增加;给予苯甲酸雌二醇(10μg/d)可完全阻止这两种变化,但补充黄体酮(0.2mg/d)对卵巢切除大鼠的血清胃泌素水平无影响,仅明显减少胃酸分泌。本实验结果提示,雌激素对于雌性大鼠的胃泌素释放和胃酸分泌具有抑制作用,孕激素也有抑制胃酸分泌的作用,这些作用不是摄食量改变的结果.     

模拟失重对大鼠情绪影响的初步研究

目的:研究模拟失重状态对大鼠情绪产生的影响。方法:从20只雄性SD大鼠中挑选16只分成正常组和模拟失重组(n=8),采用摄食和体重测定、旷场试验、糖水偏好度测试及情绪唤醒程度评定四种方法,对大鼠进行情绪检测。结果:①模拟失重组大鼠摄食量下降,体重增加速率较正常组显著减小;②模拟失重14 d后,大鼠的运动力下降,爬格数显著低于正常组(P<0.05),自我修饰次数比正常组明显增多,洗脸与理毛次数均显著高于正常组(P<0.01);③与正常组比较,模拟失重大鼠具有更高水平的情绪唤醒度;④模拟失重14 d对大鼠的糖水偏好度无显著影响。结论:模拟失重14 d使大鼠出现抑郁、紧张和焦躁等负面情绪,出现一定程度的神经质反应,但不会出现快感缺乏。     

应激对大鼠血清胃泌素的影响

迷走神经兴奋,通过其胆碱能纤维和蛙皮素肽能纤维促进胃泌素释放。为研究应激反应时胃泌素的释放机理,本工作以束缚_-寒冷刺激为应激模型,测定了对照组、假手术组、阿托品组和迷走神经切断组大鼠应激前、后血清胃泌素的含量。 材料和方法实验采用杂种雄性大鼠26只,体歪 200～250g,随机分成对照、假手术、皮下注射阿托品(5mg/kg,应激前30min)和膈下迷走神经切断4组。实验前24h禁食,可自由饮水。在乙醚麻醉下,常规消     

内脏平滑肌Cajal间质细胞起搏功能(英文)

胃肠道的大部分区域都存在着一种特殊的间质细胞——Cajal间质细胞(interstitial cells of Cajal,ICCs)。尽管在100多年前它们的存在就已被发现,但是直到最近几十年的研究才逐渐揭示了它们的功能。在胃肠道,ICCs被认为是平滑肌自发性节律性电活动,即"基本电节律"(又称"慢波")的起搏细胞,并介导神经至平滑肌的神经信号传递活动。除胃肠道外,ICC样细胞同样存在于其它内脏平滑肌,如泌尿、生殖系统以及血管平滑肌等。本文仅就这些内脏平滑肌ICCs的功能做一简单综述。     

Interstitial cells of Cajal in the urethra

The smooth muscle layer of the urethra generates spontaneous myogenic tone that is thought to make a major contribution to urinary continence. The mechanisms underlying generation of tone remain unclear, however recent studies from our laboratory highlighted a role for a specialised population of pacemaker cells which we originally referred to as interstitial cells (IC) and now term ICC. Urethra ICC possess an electrical pacemaker mechanism characterised by rhythmic activation of Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels leading to spontaneous transient inward currents (STICs) under voltage clamp and spontaneous transient depolarisations (STDs) under current clamp conditions. Both STICS and STDs are now known to be associated with spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations that result from a complex interplay between release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores and Ca(2+) influx across the plasma membrane. In this review we will consider some of the precise mechanisms involved in the generation of pacemaker activity and discuss how these are modulated by excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.     

Inherent rhythmcity and interstitial cells of Cajal in a frog vein

Interstitial cells of Cajal are responsible for rhythmic contractions of the musculature of the gastrointestinal tract and blood vessels. The existence of these cells and spontaneous rhythmicity were noticed in amphibian vein and the findings are reported in this paper. The postcaval vein was identified in the frog, Rana tigrina and was perfused with amphibian Ringer solution after isolation. Contractile activity was recorded through a tension transducer connected to a polygraph. The isolated postcaval vein showed spontaneous rhythmic activity. Addition of cold Ringer solution decreased, while warm Ringer increased, the rate of contraction. Adrenaline caused inhibition of rhythmic activity at a dosage that increased the rate of isolated sinus venosus. Sections of the postcaval vein, when stained supravitally with methylene blue, showed the presence of interstitial cells of Cajal. Photic stimulation of the vein in the presence of methylene blue led to a significant decrease in the rate of spontaneous beating of the vein. These findings indicate that the postcaval vein of frog is capable of inherent rhythmcity, which is dependent on the interstitial cells of Cajal but is independent of the sinus venosus.     

Telocytes and interstitial cells of Cajal in the biliary system

A novel type of interstitial tissue cells in the biliary tree termed telocytes (TCs), formerly known as interstitial Cajal‐like cells (ICLCs), exhibits very particular features which unequivocally distinguish these cells from interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and other interstitial cell types. Current research substantiates the existence of TCs and ICCs in the biliary system (gallbladder, extrahepatic bile duct, cystic duct, common bile duct and sphincter of Oddi). Here, we review the distribution, morphology and ultrastructure of TCs and ICCs in the biliary tree, with emphasis on their presumptive roles in physiological and pathophysiological processes.     

Carbachol regulates pacemaker activities in cultured interstitial cells of Cajal from the mouse small intestine

We studied the effect of carbachol on pacemaker currents in cultured interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) from the mouse small intestine by muscarinic stimulation using a whole cell patch clamp technique and Ca²⁺-imaging. ICC generated periodic pacemaker potentials in the current-clamp mode and generated spontaneous inward pacemaker currents at a holding potential of–70 mV. Exposure to carbachol depolarized the membrane and produced tonic inward pacemaker currents with a decrease in the frequency and amplitude of the pacemaker currents. The effects of carbachol were blocked by 1-dimethyl-4-diphenylacetoxypiperidinium, a muscarinic M₃ receptor antagonist, but not by methotramine, a muscarinic M₂ receptor antagonist. Intracellular GDP-β-S suppressed the carbachol-induced effects. Carbachol-induced effects were blocked by external Na⁺-free solution and by flufenamic acid, a non-selective cation channel blocker, and in the presence of thapsigargin, a Ca²⁺-ATPase inhibitor in the endoplasmic reticulum. However, carbachol still produced tonic inward pacemaker currents with the removal of external Ca²⁺. In recording of intracellular Ca²⁺ concentrations using fluo 3-AM dye, carbachol increased intracellular Ca²⁺ concentrations with increasing of Ca²⁺ oscillations. These results suggest that carbachol modulates the pacemaker activity of ICC through the activation of non-selective cation channels via muscarinic M₃ receptors by a G-protein dependent intracellular Ca²⁺ release mechanism.     

模拟失重不同时长对大鼠抑郁样行为的影响

目的 本研究旨在观察不同持续时间的模拟失重对大鼠抑郁样行为和海马超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的影响,以探究其影响及可能的作用机制。方法 采用后肢悬挂（HLS）尾吊法模拟大鼠失重状态。将大鼠分为对照组和不同模拟失重时间尾吊组（尾吊时长分别为1、2、3、4周）。采用旷场实验（OFT）、新物体识别实验（NORT）、强迫游泳实验（FST）观察大鼠抑郁样行为,采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法测定海马SOD和CAT活性。结果 OFT结果显示,与对照组相比,HLS不同时间大鼠的僵滞时间增加（P<0.05,P<0.01）。在NORT中,与对照组相比,HLS不同时间大鼠对新物体的探索潜伏期增加,探索次数和时间减少（P<0.05,P<0.01）。在FST中,与对照组相比,HLS不同时间大鼠在FST中的不动时间增加,攀爬次数减少（P<0.05,P<0.01）。与对照组相比,HLS不同时间组大鼠海马组织中SOD和CAT水平均下降（P<0.05,P<0.01）。结论 短时间或长时间的失重都会导致大鼠产生类抑郁样行为。     

Spatial relationship between telocytes,interstitial cells of Cajal and the enteric nervous system in the human ileum and colon

Telocytes (TCs) are recently described interstitial cells, present in almost all human organs. Among many other functions, TCs regulate gastrointestinal motility together with the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). TCs and ICCs have close localization in the human myenteric plexus; however, the exact spatial relationship cannot be clearly examined by previously applied double immunofluorescence/confocal microscopy. Data on TCs and submucosal ganglia and their relationship to intestinal nerves are scarce. The aim of the study was to analyse the spatial relationship among these components in the normal human ileum and colon with double CD34/CD117 and CD34/S100 immunohistochemistry and high-resolution light microscopy. TCs were found to almost completely encompass both myenteric and submucosal ganglia in ileum and colon. An incomplete monolayer of ICCs was localized between the TCs and the longitudinal muscle cells in ileum, whereas only scattered ICCs were present on both surfaces of the colonic myenteric ganglia. TC-telopodes were observed within colonic myenteric ganglia. TCs, but no ICCs, were present within and around the interganglionic nerve fascicles, submucosal nerves and mesenterial nerves, but were only observed along small nerves intramuscularly. These anatomic differences probably reflect the various roles of TCs and ICCs in the bowel function.     

Delayed development of interstitial cells of Cajal in the ileum of a human case of gastroschisis

The Interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC) are responsible for rhythmic electrical activity. A paralytic ileus is present in gastroschisis (GS), a malformation due to a defective closure of the abdominal wall through which part of the intestine herniates during pregnancy. In experimental GS, ICC morphological immaturity was shown in the rat foetus at-term but it could not be demonstrated whether differentiation is accomplished post-natally. For this purpose we morphologically investigated ICC, as well as enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells, in a case of human GS at birth and 1 month later when peristaltic activity had initiated. A 36 weeks gestation female was born by c/section with prenatal diagnosis of GS and possible volvulus of the herniated intestine. At birth, the necrotic intestine was resected and both ileostomy and colostomy were performed. The intestine continuity was restored after 4 weeks. Intestinal specimens, taken during both operations at the level of the proximal stoma, were immunostained with c-kit, neuron-specific-enolase and alpha-smooth-muscle-actin antibodies and some processed for electron microscopy. ICC were present at the myenteric plexus only. At birth, these cells were rare and ultrastructurally immature; 1 month later, when partial enteral feeding was tolerated, they formed rows or groups and many of them were ultrastructurally differentiated. Neurons and smooth muscle cells, immature at birth, had developed after 1 month. Therefore, ICC differentiation, as well as that of neurons and smooth muscle cells, is delayed at birth and this might explain the paralytic ileus in GS. One month later, differentiation quickly proceeded at all cellular levels paralleling the increasing tolerance of enteral nutrition.     

Neurotensin modulates pacemaker activity in interstitial cells of Cajal from the mouse small intestine

Neurotensin, a tridecapeptide localized in the gut to discrete enteroendocrine cells of the small bowel mucosa, is a hormone that plays an important role in gastrointestinal secretion, growth, and motility. Neurotensin has inhibitory and excitatory effects on peristaltic activity and produces contractile and relaxant responses in intestinal smooth muscle. Our objective in this study is to investigate the effects of neurotensin in small intestinal interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and elucidate the mechanism. To determine the electrophysiological effects of neurotensin on ICC, whole-cell patch clamp recordings were performed in cultured ICC from the small intestine. Exposure to neurotensin depolarized the membrane of pacemaker cells and produced tonic inward pacemaker currents. Only neurotensin receptor1 was identified when RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry were performed with mRNA isolated from small intestinal ICC and c-Kit positive cells. Neurotensin-induced tonic inward pacemaker currents were blocked by external Na⁺- free solution and in the presence of flufenamic acid, an inhibitor of non-selective cation channels. Furthermore, neurotensin-induced action is blocked either by treatment with {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"U73122","term_id":"4098075","term_text":"U73122"}}U73122, a phospholipase C inhibitor, or thapsigargin, a Ca²⁺-ATPase inhibitor in ICC. We found that neurotensin increased spontaneous intracellular Ca²⁺ oscillations as seen with fluo4/AM recording. These results suggest that neurotensin modulates pacemaker currents via the activation of non-selective cation channels by intracellular Ca²⁺-release through neurotensin receptor1.     

Cajal间质细胞及其可塑性的研究进展

Cajal间质细胞(interstitial cells of Cajal,ICC)是一类主要分布于胃肠道的间质细胞,与平滑肌细胞以及肠神经细胞有着紧密的关系。ICC分布于整个胃肠道,是胃肠道起搏细胞,具有产生和传播慢波的功能,参与神经递质调节,在一些胃肠动力性疾病中表现为异常状态。近期,关于ICC的生理功能、损伤和恢复机制的研究取得了显著的进展。ICC网络存在动态平衡,为了维持ICC网络功能,ICC周期代谢需要被紧密的控制调节平衡ICC死亡和更替。研究表明,ICC具有高度的可塑性,在一些缺失ICC的疾病中ICC并不一定死亡,转分化、去分化和细胞凋亡可能是ICC丢失的机制。。本文主要对Cajal间质细胞及其可塑性的研究进展进行了综述。