S-腺苷蛋氨酸对梗阻性黄疸患者术后肝功能及营养状况影响的临床研究

目的：探讨S-腺苷蛋氨酸对梗阻性黄疸患者术后肝功能及营养状况的影响。方法：选择2010年8月至2012年7月我院肝胆病区收治的90例梗阻性黄疸患者为研究对象,随机分为S-腺苷蛋氨酸治疗组（48例）和对照组（42例）,比较和分析静脉滴注S-腺苷蛋氨酸对梗阻性黄疸患者术后第5d、10d肝功能及营养指标的影响。结果：术后5d、10d,两组患者血总胆红素、直接胆红素、谷丙转氨酶、1．谷氨酰转肽酶、碱性磷酸酶水平较术前1d显著降低,且组内比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,治疗组以上指标的下降程度较对照组更明显,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。术后第10d,两组患者的血白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白水平较术后第5d显著改善（P〈0．05）;术后第5、10d,两组组间血白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白水平比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：梗阻性黄疸患者术后应用腺苷蛋氨酸能促进黄疸消退,加快胆红素的排泄和肝功能的恢复,有利于患者营养状况的改善。     

肠易激综合征模型WHBE兔神经-体液-内分泌系统调节的变化

目的观察肠易激综合征（IBS）模型WHBE兔神经内分泌激素和电解质水平的变化,探讨神经-体液-内分泌系统在IBS中的作用。方法以湿热环境应激加小剂量致泻剂诱导WHBE兔建立IBS模型,在造模9d和14d时取血分离血清,检测血清中5-羟色胺（5-HT）、多巴胺（DA）、促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）、皮质醇（COR）、β-内啡肽（β-EP）激素和K^＋、Na^＋、cl^-含量的变化,并以JW兔作对照。结果与正常对照组比,造模9d时WHBE兔的5-HT、DA、ACTH、β-EP、COR均显著升高（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,Na^＋、K^＋含量均显著降低（P〈0．01）,而JW兔ACTH、β-EP、COR均显著升高（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,K^＋含量显著降低（P〈0．05）;造模14d时WHBE兔5-HT、ACTH、β-EP均显著升高（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,JW兔ACTH显著升高（P〈0．05）;相关分析显示,IBS模型中血清中5-HT、COR与Na^＋、K^＋浓度呈显著负相关（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,血清中DA、β-EP水平与Na^＋、K^＋、Cl^-浓度呈显著负相关（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,ACTH水平则与K^＋浓度呈显著负相关（P〈0．01）。结论IBS的发生不仅与HPA轴兴奋性升高有关,亦与体液因素有关,故神经-体液-内分泌系统参与了WHBE兔IBS的发生过程。     

雄性Fmr1基因敲除小鼠血液生理生化指标及性激素水平的比较研究

目的比较雄性Fmr1基因敲除小鼠和FVB小鼠血液生理生化值和血清性激素水平,探讨Fmr1基因对动物生长发育和生殖生理等方面的影响。方法分别测定血液生理指标、血清生化指标、血清电解质和血清E2、LH、FSH、T和PRL的含量,并进行统计学处理和分析。结果雄性Fmr1基因敲除小鼠与FVB小鼠比较,血液生理指标中MCV和PCT有显著差异（P〈0．05）,而RBC、HCT、HGB、MCH和WBC等无显著差异（P〉0．05）;血清生化指标中除TBIL、[IP^3＋]、[Mg^2＋]（P〈0．05）和AIP、BUN（P〈0．01）外,TPROT、GLB、A／G、BUN、CREAT、[K^＋]、[Na^＋]等项均无显著差异（P〉0．05）。性激素水平E2、LH值差异无显著性（P〉0．05）,FSH、T、PRL差异极显著（P〈0．01）。结论Fmr1基因可影响动物的某些生理生化及激素水平。     

饲料蛋白对翘嘴鲔生长和内分泌激素的影响

选择健康的翘嘴鲌（Culter alburnus）为试验鱼,以红鱼粉为蛋白源,配制5个蛋白水平的等能、等必需氨基酸（EAA）平衡关联度的半精制饲料,又以豆粕替代鱼粉,大豆蛋白分别替代不同水平的鱼粉蛋白,配制5个EAA关联度的等蛋白、等能的半精制饲料,探讨饲料蛋白对鱼类生长和内分泌激素等的影响。结果表明：饲料蛋白水平对翘嘴鲌的特定增重率（SGR）具有显著影响（P〈0．05）,40．89％饲料蛋白组的SGR显著高于31．04％、35．51％饲料蛋白组（P〈0．05）,但与46．62％和50．33％饲料蛋白组没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）。血清T3水平与饲料蛋白水平正相关（P〈0．05）。血清GH水平与饲料蛋白水平和生长负相关（P〈0．05）,血清IGF—I水平与饲料蛋白水平和生长正相关（P〈0．05）。适宜蛋白水平通过提高翘嘴鲌血清T,和IGF—I的水平来调控生长。当大豆蛋白分别替代54．0％的鱼粉蛋白时,翘嘴鲌的SGR与对照组差异显著（P〈0.05）。翘嘴鲌血清T1与饲料大豆蛋白对鱼粉蛋白的替代量负相关（P〈0．05）。40．5％和54．0％替代组的血清GH显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）,且与饲料中豆粕对鱼粉替代水平正相关（P〈0．01）,与生长负相关（P〈0．05）。血清IGF—I与饲料中大豆蛋白对鱼粉蛋白替代量负相关（P〈0．05）,与生长正相关（P〈0．05）。大豆蛋白的替代亦通过对内分泌激素的影响来调控生长。     

钙网质蛋白在多囊卵巢综合征大鼠子宫内膜的表达及意义

目的：研究钙网质蛋白（CRT）在PCOS大鼠子宫内膜中的表达及生物学意义。方法：60只雌性SD大鼠随机分为PCOS组和对照组,每组各30只。给模型组24日龄大鼠皮下埋植左旋甲基炔诺酮硅胶棒3mm／只,3d后BID皮下注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素1．5IU。给对照组皮下注射等体积生理盐水。注射9d后观察大鼠卵巢形态学（HE染色）,化学发光法测定性激素水平。结果：模型组大鼠卵巢重量和体积均显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。模型组大鼠卵巢出现类多囊卵巢综合征的改变。模型组卵巢各级发育期卵泡及黄体少见,卵泡多呈囊性扩张。模型组大鼠血清孕激素、睾酮、空腹胰岛素、空腹血糖水平均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;卵泡刺激素（FSH）水平显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）。LH／FSH比值显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。采用免疫组织化学方法及灰度值测定,定量分析CRT在PCOS组和对照组的子宫内膜中表达。CRT在两组中的子宫内膜中均有表达。PCOS组子宫内膜上皮CRT表达显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：避孕硅胶棒联合hCG诱导SD大鼠多囊卵巢综合征模型是较好的PCOS模型。CRT与PCOS的发病密切相关．     

旋毛虫感染小鼠肠道菌群变化的研究

目的通过观察黑龙江株旋毛虫感染小鼠肠道分泌物中分泌型免疫球蛋白A、肠道菌群的变化,探讨感染小鼠肠道菌群的变化。方法分别于小鼠感染黑龙江株旋毛虫后7、14、21、28和35d,观察模型组及对照组小鼠肠道分泌物中的分泌型免疫球蛋白A、肠道双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、肠杆菌、肠球菌的菌群变化。sIgA采用放射免疫法检测。结果模型组sIgA分泌水平在感染后14d达高峰,随后缓慢下降但始终保持高水平（P〈0．01）。模型组肠道双歧杆菌的数量在感染后7d略低于对照组（P〈0．05）,第14天降至最低水平,随后逐渐升高,至感染后35d恢复正常水平。乳酸杆菌的数量在感染后7d略低于对照组,第14天降至最低水平,随后逐渐增加（P〈0．05）。肠杆菌的数量在感染后7d略高于对照组,感染后14d明显高于对照组,随后始终保持下降趋势（P〈0．05）。肠球菌在感染后7d略高于对照组（P〈0．05）,在14d明显高于对照组,随后缓慢下降,至感染后35d恢复正常水平。结论旋毛虫感染小鼠sIga的分泌在肠道免疫中发挥重要作用,同时也影响肠道菌群;肠道菌群的变化可能与旋毛虫感染小鼠免疫系统中sIgA的分泌有关。     

硝酸异山梨酯片联合美托洛尔治疗老年冠心病心绞痛的疗效及对IL-18及hs-CRP水平的影响．

目的：观察硝酸异山梨酯片联合美托洛尔治疗老年冠心病心绞痛的临床效果,观察联合用药对患者血浆白介素．18（Inter．1eukin,IL-18）、超敏C反应蛋白（HighsensitivityCreactiveprotein,hs—CRP）的影响。方法：选择本院收治的老年冠心病心绞痛患者84例,随机分为研究组和对照组,各42例,研究组给予硝酸异山梨酯片20mg,3次／d,口服,美托洛尔12．5mg,1次／d,口服;对照组仅给予硝酸异山梨酯片20mg,3次／d,口服,疗程均为28d。观察两组用药后心绞痛改善情况,并观察两组治疗前后血清IL-8、hs-CRP变化。结果：治疗后,研究组总有效率为90．5％;对照组总有效率为69．0％,研究组总有效率明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。治疗后两组心率、心绞痛发作频率明显降低,持续时间明显缩短（P〈0．05）;研究组心率、心绞痛发作频率明显低于对照组,持续时间也较对照组短（P〈0．05）。治疗前两组血浆IL-18、hs-CRP水平比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;治疗后研究组IL．18、hs．CRP水平明显低于对照组（P〈O．05）。结论：硝酸异山梨酯片联合美托洛尔治疗老年冠心病心绞痛能够进一步减轻患者IL．18、hs．CRP水平,对心绞痛治疗效果较单独应用酸异山梨酯片更佳。     

阿托伐他汀治疗阿尔茨海默病疗效观察

目的：研究他汀类药物在改善阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能障碍的作用。方法：将阿尔茨海默痛患者40例,随机分成治疗组（阿托伐他汀钙20mg1次／d口服）和对照组（茴拉西坦0．2g3次／天口服）,连续用药90d,在30d、60d、90d分别对两组病人进行认知功能评分（简易精神量表）。结果：利用t检验的方法计算t值,30d比较,t=-0．938（P〉0．05,差异无统计学意义）;60d比较,t=1．333（P〉0．05,差异无统计学意义）;90d比较t=2．356（P〈0．05,差异具有统计学意义）,提示90天后治疗组改善认知功能障碍优于对照组,且随着用药时间的延长,优势显现可能越为明显。结论：阿托伐他汀可能有助于阿尔茨海默病的治疗。     

低氧运动后不同恢复环境腓肠肌热休克蛋白70表达变化

目的：实验旨在观察急性间歇低氧（氧含量12．7％）跑台运动后不同恢复环境下大鼠腓肠肌热休克蛋白HSP70表达的时程变化。方法：雄性sD大鼠进行低氧环境下的急性间歇跑台运动,用Western blot方法检测低氧运动后即刻、低氧运动后低氧恢复及常氧氧恢复1d,2d,7d的大鼠腓肠肌HSP70蛋白表达水平。结果：急性间歇低氧运动后即刻HSP70蛋白表达水平开始升高。常氧恢复第1dHSP70蛋白表达水平显著高于常氧对照组,P〈0．05。第2d、第7d呈现先降低后升高的趋势;低氧恢复中HSP70蛋白表达水平均显著高于常氧对照组,P〈0．05。结论：急性间歇低氧运动后能诱导HSP70蛋白表达水平升高;低氧恢复过程中HSP70蛋白高水平表达维持的时间要比常氧恢复长。     

老年急性脑梗塞患者血清TNF-a和IL-6水平的变化及其临床意义

目的：观察老年急性脑梗塞（ACI）患者血清TNF-a和IL-6水平的变化并探讨其临床意义。方法：选择老年ACI患者53例,观察以上入选患者入院后第7d、第9d和第11d血清TNF-a和IL-6水平的变化。并与26例健康人对照;同时分析53例老年ACI患者血清TNF—a和IL-6水平与患者脑梗塞面积及神经功能缺损评分的Spearman等级相关性。结果：老年ACI患者血清TNF-a和IL-6水平显著高于健康人（P〈0．01）;随着治疗的进展与病情的稳定及恢复,患者血清TNF-a和IL-6水平随之显著下降（P〈0．05）;同时患者血清TNF-a和IL-6水平与病变的严重程度呈正相关性（P〈0．05）;治疗11d后血清TNF—a和IL-6降低量与病变的严重程度呈正相关性（P〈0．05）。结论：在老年ACI患者治疗过程中,应进行血清TNF-a和IL-6水平的动态监测,可提示病变的发生发展并指导临床治疗。     

Serum levels of gonadotropins and gonadal steroids,including testosterone,during the menstrual cycle of the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)

The objective of this study was to expand the data on menstrual cycle serum hormone patterns in female common chimpanzees, both in terms of the number of cycles analyzed and by the addition of data on testosterone levels. Samples were obtained from 11 unanesthetized animals trained for conscious blood withdrawal. LH, FSH, 17β-estradiol (E₂), progesterone (P), and testosterone (T) were measured by radioimmunoassay, genital swelling was recorded, and menstrual blood was noted. Concurrent midcycle elevations in LH and FSH and luteal phase elevations in progesterone suggested that the cycles were ovulatory. Detumescence of genital swelling occurred about 3 days after the midcycle LH peak, 1 day after the luteal phase nadir in E₂, and 1 day after P levels exceeded 5 ng/ml. These relationships provide further support for the use of genital swelling in monitoring progress of the menstrual cycle. The hormone patterns in the chimpanzees closely resembled those of the human females, but E₂ and T levels were higher. The levels of E₂ and T were higher and the midcycle elevation in T was broader in the chimpanzee than in gorillas and orangutans. This is of interest because E₂ and T are implicated in the regulation of mating, and chimpanzees mate over a greater portion of the cycle than the other apes. These data indicate the need for further study of hormonal contributions to the different patterns of mating in the great apes. They also support the use of the female common chimpanzee as a model for the human female in endocrine studies of the menstrual cycle.     

The use of a urinary estrone conjugates assay for detection of optimal mating time in the cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis)

Forty-four female cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were examined to determine the optimum fertile period for mating. Daily urinary estrone conjugates (E1C) were measured, beginning on day 7 of the menstrual cycle, until a 1.5-gold E1C rise above the baseline was detected. The females were bred the next morning. Pregnancies were verified in all animals at day 18 postbreeding, and/or on day 25 postbreeding. Serum progesterone levels were used to correlate the relationship between ovulation and the E1C peak. Forty-four of the 57 cycles indicated a urinary E1C peak between days 10-15 of the menstrual cycle; this peak occurred on the day following the initial 1.5-fold to twofold rise in 90% of the cycles. A single 2-hr mating period the day before, the day of, or the day after the E1C peak resulted in conception in 17 of 44 (38.6%) animals.     

Effective suppression of ovarian cyclicity in the lowland gorilla with an oral contraceptive

To determine the effects of a human oral contraceptive on normal and abnormal reproductive endocrine patterns in two lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), daily urine samples were analyzed by radioimmunoassay for estrone conjugates (EC) and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PdG). During a pre-treatment period one female (F1) demonstrated regular menstrual cycles averaging 27.6 ± 1.8 days, whereas ovarian cyclicity in female 2 (F2) was consistently prolonged, ranging from 37–51 days. A 56 day regimen of an oral contraceptive (Demulen 50®) was administered to both females beginning in the late luteal phase, and within 6 and 7 days of treatment onset (F1 and F2, respectively) urinary EC and PdG declined to and remained at concentrations consistent with amenorrhea throughout the administration period. Ten and twenty days after contraceptive withdrawal (F1 and F2, respectively) an EC peak was observed with subsequent PdG elevations 1–2 days later. Mean cycle length and luteal phase durations were not different (P > 0.05) before or after treatment for either female, while combined peak PdG concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) for the first 3 months after treatment compared to pre-treatment values. These results indicate that a human oral contraceptive rapidly suppresses ovarian activity in female lowland gorillas, but that the abnormal endocrine pattern observed in F2 could not be redirected into a normal profile after contraceptive withdrawal. © 1992 Wiley-Liss Inc.     

Heat acclimation and physical training adaptations of young women using different contraceptive hormones

Although endogenous and exogenous steroid hormones affect numerous physiological processes, the interactions of reproductive hormones, chronic exercise training, and heat acclimation are unknown. This investigation evaluated the responses and adaptations of 36 inactive females [age 21 +/- 3 (SD) yr] as they undertook a 7- to 8-wk program [heat acclimation and physical training (HAPT)] of indoor heat acclimation (90 min/day, 3 days/wk) and outdoor physical training (3 days/wk) while using either an oral estradiol-progestin contraceptive (ORAL, n = 15), a contraceptive injection of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DEPO, n = 7), or no contraceptive (EU-OV, n = 14; control). Standardized physical fitness and exercise-heat tolerance tests (36.5 degrees C, 37% relative humidity), administered before and after HAPT, demonstrated that the three subject groups successfully (P < 0.05) acclimated to heat (i.e., rectal temperature, heart rate) and improved muscular endurance (i.e., sit-ups, push-ups, 4.6-km run time) and body composition characteristics. The stress of HAPT did not disrupt the menstrual cycle length/phase characteristics, ovulation, or plasma hormone concentrations of EU-OV. No between-group differences (P > 0.05) existed for rectal and skin temperatures or metabolic, cardiorespiratory, muscular endurance, or body composition variables. A significant difference post-HAPT in the onset temperature of local sweating, ORAL (37.2 +/- 0.4 degrees C) vs. DEPO (37.7 +/- 0.2 degrees C), suggested that steroid hormones influenced this adaptation. In summary, virtually all adaptations of ORAL and DEPO were similar to EU-OV, suggesting that exogenous reproductive hormones neither enhanced nor impaired the ability of women to complete 7-8 wk of strenuous physical training and heat acclimation.     

Impact of social environment on female chimpanzee reproductive cycles

The socio-sexual environment of a female is known to affect ovarian function. Increased male contact can enhance menstrual cycle regularity. Conversely, social deprivation constitutes a form of stress that often alters cyclicity and the secretion of reproductive hormones. The present study was carried out on captive female chimpanzees to examine possible interactions among housing conditions, menstrual cycle length, morphological changes in secondary sexual character expression and endocrine release patterns related to follicular and luteal function. Animals were housed over a period of 2 years either with a male conspecific or singly. Blood samples were collected over three cycles, and anogenital swelling changes registered to define menstrual cycle phases. Fecal sampling techniques were used to monitor cortisol as a measure of stress-load. Male presence seemed to affect female cyclicity. Females housed with a male had shorter and more regular cycles than singly housed females. Prolactin, gonadotropins and estradiol levels were generally higher in paired females during specific cycle phases. Group variation was not always significant. No differences were found in progesterone. Sexually cohabited females tended to have lower fecal cortisol metabolites immediately before and after maximum tumescence. We suggest that the close behavioral, physical and olfactory contact with a male conspecific can act as a sort of zeitgeber to modulate ovarian function by stabilizing the female cycle and, perhaps, enhancing folliculogenesis and ovulation.     

Urinary estrogens,progesterone, and LH changes during normal menstrual cycles of a captive female pileated gibbon (Hylobates pileatus)

Urinary steroid hormones and luteinizing hormone (LH) were monitored in a female pileated gibbon. The LH concentration almost peaked the day after estrogens peaks. The progesterone increased sharply after the LH peaks. Our results revealed for the first time the relationship between daily changes in urinary hormones throughout normal menstrual cycles in pileated gibbon.     

Influence of acute tryptophan depletion on verbal declarative episodic memory in young adult females

Diminished synthesis of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) in the brain has been linked to disturbed memory processes. The present study investigated the effects of diminished central nervous 5-HT synthesis as achieved by an acute dietary tryptophan depletion (ATD) on verbal declarative episodic memory in young women while controlling for the effects of female sex hormones. Eighteen healthy females (aged 20–31 years) participated in a within-subject repeated measures study, with two separate days of assessment spaced at least one individual menstrual cycle apart. On one day, participants were subjected to ATD, thus lowering central nervous 5-HT synthesis. The other day participants received a tryptophan-balanced amino acid load (BAL = control condition). The study was randomized, counterbalanced and double blind in terms of ATD/BAL administration. Measurements took place in the early follicular phase of the participants’ menstrual cycle. Estrogen, FSH and LH levels were assessed at baseline. Verbal declarative episodic memory was assessed using a structured word-learning task. Short-term memory, as indexed by immediate recall, was reduced after ATD intake, whereas delayed recall and recognition after a 25-min delay did not show any differences after intake of ATD or BAL. In young women, verbal short-term memory function was more vulnerable to ATD than consolidation processes. In light of the possible interplay between female sex hormones and 5-HT, further studies comparing different menstrual cycle phases are needed.     

Periovulatory changes in female sexual behavior and patterns of ovarian steroid secretion in group-living rhesus monkeys

The behavior of nine intact group-living adult female rhesus was observed for 30 min daily with each of four adult male rhesus across a verified ovulatory menstrual cycle. Blood samples collected from females daily or on alternate days were analyzed for estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone. Female patterns of approach, follow, and initiate proximity increased several days prior to the estradiol peak, peaked on the day of the estradiol peak, then declined completely or to very low frequencies. Mounts, intromissions, and ejaculations increased significantly on the day of the estradiol peak, remained elevated for 2 more days, then declined completely by the fifth day after peak estradiol. Ejaculations never occurred outside of a 10-day period starting 4 days before the estradiol peak and ending 5 days after the estradiol peak. During this period females initiated over 90% of all approaches. Female hand slap, threaten away, and stand up increased significantly on the first day of increased copulation, remained elevated while copulation was significantly elevated, then decreased along with the decline in copulation. Ten of eleven patterns of female behavior correlated significantly with estradiol level prior to the estradiol peak. All were significantly inversely correlated with progesterone level after the estradiol peak. No pattern of female behavior correlated significantly with testosterone either before or after the estradiol peak. Similarly, male patterns of behavior correlated with female levels of estradiol and progesterone, but not testosterone. These results demonstrate a relationship between increased serum estradiol and increased female initiation of sexual behavior. The finding that some patterns of female behavior increase several days prior to copulation, whereas other behaviors increase coincident with increased copulation suggests that the behavior of group-living rhesus females serves two functions. The first is to communicate sexual interest and the second is to maintain the consort pair and increase the probability that ejaculation will occur. In addition, the strong correlation between preovulatory female behavior and estradiol level suggests that the female's behavior provides precise information about her reproductive state and could thus coordinate copulation with maximal fertility.     

On the correlation between sexual behavior and ovarian hormone level during the menstrual cycle in captive Japanese monkeys

The amount of estradiol and progesterone in the systemic blood plasma of six adult female Japanese monkeys was measured by radioimmunoassay. Data on heterosexual pairing tests was also collected and examined for correlation with these hormones. The relationship between ovarian hormones and frequency of ejaculation varied with each female. In nine normal menstrual cycles, the frequencies of invitation and approach by the female reached peaks on the day of the estradiol surge, after which they rapidly decreased. Frequencies of male behaviors including approach, leaving, invitation, and yawning significantly decreased during the luteal phase, as compared with those at the midcycle. Grooming by both sexes of the partner reached low points during the late follicular phase. The number of ejaculations per test increased significantly at the midcycle and reached a maximum a few days after the estradiol surge. The present results suggest that female proceptivity is highly correlated with the amount of estradiol, but her attractiveness is little correlated with estradiol and is lowered by progesterone.     

The main neutrophil and neutrophil-related functions may compensate for each other following exercise-a finding from training in university judoists.

In order to clarify the relationship between exercise and neutrophil function, we measured three major neutrophil and neutrophil-related functions, viz. the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production capability and phagocytic activity (PA) of neutrophils and serum opsonic activity (SOA), simultaneously before and after a unified loading exercise under three different sets of conditions. Thirteen female collegiate judoists were examined with a unified exercise loading (2 h) immediately before and after a 64 day training period. Immediately thereafter, the athletes took part in a 6 day intensified training camp, following which the same exercise loading was repeated. Responses from circulating neutrophils were estimated by comparing the two sets of values obtained before and after the two instances of exercise loading. The parameters assessed included neutrophil count, SOA, PA and ROS production capability. ROS production increased after the exercise loading performed immediately before and after the 64 day training period just before the camp, (p < 0.01) but decreased following the exercise loading performed after the camp (p < 0.05). This suggested depressed bacteriocidal capability of the circulating neutrophils. PA decreased after the exercise loading sessions imposed prior to and after the 64 day training period (p < 0.01) but did not change in the loading session after the camp. No changes were seen in SOA produced with the loading exercise either before the 64 day exercise period or before the camp, but increased significantly following the post-camp session (p < 0.05). In conclusion, athletic training-induced changes in immune functional activities of neutrophils, such as ROS production and PA, and neutrophil-related factors, such as SOA, may compensate for each other to maintain the overall integrity of the neutrophil immune function.