野大麦幼穗原生质体的分离和培养

以野大麦(Hordeum brevisubulatum)的幼穗诱导愈伤组织,建立悬浮细胞系,利用胚性悬浮细胞系在不同的酶解条件和不同的酶解液中分离原生质体并进行培养,获得了细胞分裂,形成细胞团。     

“红颜”草莓原生质体制备及瞬时转化体系的建立

为探索“红颜”草莓悬浮细胞系原生质体提取的最优条件,并建立“红颜”草莓原生质体瞬时转化体系,以“红颜”草莓悬浮细胞为材料,对酶液组成、酶解温度、酶解方式进行研究。用PEG介导的瞬时转化法将标记基因GFP转化到“红颜”草莓原生质体中。结果显示：以“红颜”草莓悬浮细胞系作为分离材料,酶液组合为CPW中含有0.5%PVP+0.1%MES+1%纤维素酶+0.5%离析酶+0.01%半纤维素酶+0.9 mol/L甘露醇,在低速（50 r/min）恒温（31 ℃）震摇下进行酶解反应,酶解10 h时,达到“红颜”草莓原生质体最佳分离效果,每克鲜重产量可得原生质体6×10⁸ 个,活力值可达93.0%。PEG介导法成功将含有绿色荧光蛋白（green fluorescent protein, GFP）的植物表达载体转化“红颜”草莓悬浮细胞原生质体,转化效率达44%。通过实验筛选得到“红颜”草莓悬浮细胞原生质体的最佳制备条件,建立“红颜”草莓悬浮细胞原生质体的瞬时转化体系,为进一步开展“红颜”草莓功能基因及合成生物学研究奠定基础。     

贡蕉胚性悬浮细胞原生质体分离的研究

目的:研究不同方法对贡蕉胚性悬浮细胞原生质体分离的影响,筛选适合用于贡蕉胚性悬浮细胞原生质体分离的方案.方法:用不同的酶浓 度、酶组合及不同的酶解时间对贡蕉胚性悬浮细胞进行原生质体分离,并对不同继代时间的胚性悬浮细胞的原生质体产量和活力进行研究.结果:贡蕉胚性悬浮细胞 在酶组合为3.5%纤维素酶R-10、1%离析酶R-10和0.15%果胶酶Y-23的酶溶液中,酶解8h可获 得高产量的原生质体,采用继代7d的贡蕉胚性悬浮细胞进行原生质体分离时获得的原生质体产量最高,达到1.2×107个/mL PCV ECS,原生质体活力达到85%以上.结论: 合适的酶组合、酶浓度和酶解时间有利于贡蕉胚性悬浮细胞的原生质体分离,继代7d 后的贡蕉胚性悬浮细胞最适合用于原生质体分离.     

湖北海棠原生质体培养获得愈伤组织(简报)

由湖北海棠成熟胚下胚轴诱导愈伤组织并建立悬浮细胞系,用0．5％纤维素酶R－10和0．2％果胶酶分离悬浮系细胞,将酶解的原生质体培养在附加激素和有机成分的MT培养基中,采用液体浅层培养,获得了愈伤组织。     

湖北海棠原生质体培养获得愈伤组织

对湖北海棠成熟胚下胚轴诱导愈伤组织并建立悬浮细胞系,用０．５％纤维麦０和０．２％果胶酶分离悬浮系细胞,将酶解的原生质体培养在附加激素和有机成分的ＭＴ培养基中,采用液体浅层培养,获得了愈伤组织。     

‘过山香’香蕉胚性悬浮细胞原生质体分离的方法研究

目的：研究不同的方法对‘过山香’胚性悬浮细胞原生质体分离的影响,筛选最适合用于‘过山香’香蕉胚性悬浮细胞原生质体分离的方案。方法：用不同浓度、不同组合的酶液对‘过山香’原生质体进行分离,并对酶液的甘露醇含量、pH值进行调节。结果：3．0％纤维素酶R-10＋0．2％果胶酶Y-23的是最佳酶组合;酶解8h、酶液中含0．41M甘露醇、酶液pH值为5．3时,获得原生质体产量最高。结论：合适的酶组合、酶解时间、酶液的渗透压和pH值对‘过山香’香蕉胚性悬浮细胞原生质体的分离有明显的促进作用。     

'过山香'香蕉胚性悬浮细胞原生质体分离的方法研究

目的:研究不同的方法对‘过山香'胚性悬浮细胞原生质体分离的影响,筛选最适合用于‘过山香'香蕉胚性悬浮细胞原生质体分离的方案.方法:用不同浓度、不同组合的酶液对‘过山香'原生质体进行分离,并对酶液的甘露醇含量、pH值进行调节.结果:3.0%纤维素酶R-10+0.2%果胶酶Y-23的是最佳酶组合;酶解8 h、酶液中含0.41 M甘露醇、酶液pH值为5.3时,获得原生质体产量最高.结论:合适的酶组合、酶解时间、酶液的渗透压和pH值对‘过山香'香蕉胚性悬浮细胞原生质体的分离有明显的促进作用.     

柑桔种间体配融合及培养研究

“平户”文旦（柚）（Ｃｉｔｒｕｓｇｒａｎｄｉｓ）Ｏｓｂｅｃｋ的四分体经酶解,分离出原生质体。ＰＥＧ（聚乙二醇）诱导这类原生质体与二倍体“伏令夏”甜橙（Ｃ．ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）胚性悬浮细胞系的原生质体融合。融合后的原生质体培养于ＢＨ３／ＥＭＥ培养基中。２天后,观察到花粉管生长现象。不同处理的结果显示,这一现象来源于异核体细胞。这种具花粉管生长的细胞可进一步分裂,形成多细胞团及球形和心形胚状体。对再生的胚状体进行染色体数检查,证明１３．１％的胚状体为三倍体,２ｎ＝３ｘ＝２７。而起始悬浮细胞系为二倍体,检查的３９２个细胞,未发现有染色体倍性变异。     

水稻原生质体制备条件的优化及其细胞壁变化的快速检测

以疣粒野生稻和栽培稻02428的成熟种子为材料,对愈伤组织的诱导和继代、胚性悬浮细胞系建立、原生质体制备、再生细胞团分化及植株再生进行研究。结果表明：（1）水稻愈伤组织诱导的最佳2,4-D浓度为0.014 mmol/L;（2）胚性悬浮细胞系建立的最佳条件为AA 悬浮培养基+ 0.009 mmol/L 2,4-D ,每25 mL液体培养基加入0.4 g愈伤组织的初始接种量,7 d的继代周期;（3）原生质体制备的最佳条件为20 g/L纤维素酶+ 1 g/L果胶酶,酶解5 h,800 r/min离心5 min;（4）用荧光增白剂（VBL）细胞壁染色液可以快速、准确的检测原生质体制备及培养过程中细胞壁的变化情况。     

油松胚珠愈伤组织诱导和悬浮细胞系的建立

雌配子体处于游离核时期的油松胚珠以含不同浓度和配比生长调节剂的培养基诱导产生愈伤组织,并建立了悬浮细胞系.这一悬浮细胞系生长快,分散性好,稳定均一,适用于研究其生理、生化和细胞周期调控.     

Development and Characterization of a Nonmorphogenetic Cell Line of Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

This study was conducted to compare characteristics of a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cell line to those of the maize (Zea mays L.) black Mexican sweet (BMS) cell line and to compare protoplasts isolated from suspension cells of these cell lines. The wheat cell line was established from immature-embryo derived callus of the experimental line ‘ND7532’ and was conditioned for growth in suspension culture. For both cell lines, measurements of packed cell volume (PCV), fresh weight (FW), and dry weight (DW) were taken at 3 day intervals from suspension cultures. Measurements of FW of calluses cultured from suspension cells of both cell lines were taken at 6 day intervals. The morphogenetic potential of the wheat ND7532 cell line was tested in both callus and suspension cultures using media promoting regeneration and/or organogenesis. Growth rates of ND7532 cells in suspension culture were comparable to those of BMS cells. However, relative growth rates of calluses recovered from ND7532 suspension cells were slower than those of calluses recovered from BMS suspension cells. The ND7532 cell line has very limited morphogenetic potential and has been maintained as rapidly growing callus tissue for 11 years. Yields of protoplasts from suspension cells of the two cell lines were comparable, though ND7532 protoplasts were typically smaller. The wheat cell line has is now designated ND7532-NM (nonmorphogenetic) and is available for cellular and molecular biology research.     

Protective effect of Bcl-2 in NSO myeloma cell culture is greater in more stressful environments

In the present study, the protective effects of Bcl-2 over-expression in a suspension culture (without any adaptation) and spent medium (low nutrient and high toxic metabolite conditions) were investigated. In the suspension culture without prior adaptation, the viability of the control cell line fall to 0% by day 7, whereas the Bcl-2 cell line had a viability of 65%. The difference in the viability and viable cell density between the Bcl-2 and control cell lines was more apparent in the suspension culture than the static culture, and became even more apparent on day 6. Fluorescence microscopic counting revealed that the major mechanism of cell death in the control cell line in both the static and suspension cultures was apoptosis. For the Bcl-2 cell lines, necrosis was the major mode of cell death in the static culture, but apoptosis became equally important in the suspension culture. When the NSO 6A1 cell line was cultured in spent medium taken from a 14 day batch culture, the control cell line almost completely lost its viability by day 5, whereas, the Bcl-2 still had a viability of 73%. The viable cell density and viability of the Bcl-2 cell line cultivated in fresh medium were 2.2 and 2.7 fold higher, respectively, than those of the control cultures. However, the viable cell density and viability of the Bcl-2 cultivated in the spent medium were 8.7 and 7.8 fold higher, respectively, than those of the control cultures. Most of the dead cells in the control cell line were apoptotic; whereas, the major cell death mechanisms in the Bcl-2 cell line were necrotic.     

‘哲引3号’ב北京杨’杂交子代悬浮细胞系的建立和植株再生

采用“固—液—液—固”培养方法,分别以［‘哲引3号杨’（Populus pseudo-simonii×P.nigra ‘Zhenyin3#’）ב北京杨’（P.×beijingensis）］杂交子代的种子、子叶和下胚轴为材料,开展了多个杂交子代悬浮细胞系建立和培养研究,结果显示：（1）不同基因型的种子愈伤诱导率差异显著,不同基因型的子叶、下胚轴愈伤诱导率差异不显著;不同基因型的初始悬浮细胞系密实体积差异均显著。（2）采用静置分层和细胞筛双层过滤结合的方法能把游离胚性细胞从初始悬浮细胞系中分离出来,不同基因型来源的游离胚性细胞数量差异不显著。（3）种子和子叶来源的胚性悬浮细胞系能在不含NH+4的液体培养基中诱导出球形愈伤,这些愈伤薄片能在含有CPPU的分化培养基上实现植株再生,最后共获得了20个基因型的来自种子球形愈伤的再生植株和另外20个基因型的来自子叶球形愈伤的再生植株。     

水稻愈伤组织形态发生中的MADS盒基因的差异表达

采用MADS(MCM1-Agamous-Deficiens-SRF)盒基因家族功能区保守序列PCR引物,将水稻(Oryzasativa L.ssp indica)“珍汕97B”悬浮细胞、愈伤组织、分化愈伤组织和再生试管苗等不同形态发生的组织的mRNA反转录后选择性放大,经测序胶分离鉴定出一组差异表达的cDNA。对命名为RM1 cDNA的5＇端序列测定表明,RM1与典型的MADS基因——拟南芥agamous蛋白保守区一级结构同源性达63％,模拟二级结构相似性显著,初步确认RM1属于MADS基因家族成员。分子杂交证实,RM1在悬浮培养细胞中不表达,而在愈伤组织、分化愈伤组织和再生试管苗中活跃表达。     

通过“供体-受体”原生质体融合将裸燕麦部分核基因组转移给普通小麦(英文)

本文进行了小麦和裸燕麦悬浮细胞原生质体的电融合,并基于双亲失活(用IOA处理受体小麦原生质体,用γ-射线照射供体裸燕麦细胞系),获得可能的杂种愈伤组织。对7块愈伤组织进行了乙醇脱氢酶(Adh)同工酶筛选,发现5块表现出双亲特征酶带。对3个杂种细胞系进行5种同工酶分析,证实它们均为稳定的不对称体细胞核杂种细胞系;它们表现出小麦的完整谱带和裸燕麦的部分谱带。对2个杂种细胞系及亲本的核糖体DNA Southern分析结果表明只有一个杂种细胞系(HB 95)含有双亲的全部谱带。细胞学观察表明,2个杂种细胞系的染色体数目均显著高于双亲。从杂种细胞系HB 94中分化出叶原基等分化结构。Adh同工酶分析表明,这些分化结构具有和母体细胞系完全相同的杂种谱带。     

评价植物悬浮细胞培养物两项测定指标的建立

由于在细胞培养研究中缺乏一些可操作性强的且定量化的细胞状态评价指标,人们对植物细胞状态的有些性状的评价只能停留在定性描述水平,如对悬浮细胞培养物褐化程度的评价仅能作出定性判断。这里我们提出了两项悬浮细胞培养物细胞状态评价指标。     

Changes in gene expression patterns during the sexual life cycle of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Significant differences in membrane fluidities, expressed as fluorescence anisotropies, are demonstrated between embryogenic (E) and non-embryogenic (NE) cell lines when cells in suspension culture are removed from auxin. Cells of an E and NE cell line of Asclepias tuberosa were grown for 21 days either with or without 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), cultures were sampled at various intervals and protoplast membrane (hydrophobic interiors) was labeled with 1, 6 diphenyl-1, 3, 5-hexatriene (DPH). No differences between cultures with and without 2,4-D were detected in the NE line. In contrast the E line rapidly developed differences in membrane fluidity over time. Such clear differences in the responses of E and NE lines in membrane fluidity indicated that this parameter could be a good predictor and marker for embryogenesis. Eight suspension cell lines of Asclepias and 2 of Daucus carota were tested. After 2 days on medium without auxin, every E cell line exhibited a positive change in anisotropy and became embryogenic, whereas NE cell lines exhibited much lower positive changes or even negative changes in anisotropy and never underwent embryogenesis. Such changes have been consistent in all cell lines tested and represent a marker for embryogenicity in suspension cell lines before morphological change becomes apparent after removal from auxin. Basic molecular membrane changes in embryogenesis are likely to be common among different culture systems and understanding them could be a major step in removing barriers to regenerating plants from cultured material.     

Culturing embryogenic protoplasts of ‘Hamlin’ sweet orange in calcium alginate beads

Two finely-dispersed, homogeneous and regenerable cell suspension cultures were established from embryogenic callus derived from immature and mature embryos in barley. The quality and viability of suspension cells obtained were determined using differential-interference-contrast microscope and fluorescence microscope. Cell suspension cultures, maintained in modified liquid CC medium, showed a 10-fold increase in dry weight after two weeks with a doubling time of about 3 days. Addition of l-proline and casein hydrolysate in the medium had positive effect on the growth of cell cultures. Subculture interval significantly affected mitotic index. Both cell lines established were able to regenerate plants by somatic embryogenesis, but cell line Z-IM showed much higher regeneration capacity than cell line Z-M. Comparatively high frequencies of variations in chromosome number and structure were found in both lines, and a correlation between karyotype and morphogenic capacity was noticed.Abbreviations KT kinetin - BAP benzylaminopurine - FDA-PI fluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide - 2,4-d 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid     

高产SOD大蒜悬浮细胞系的选育

筛选获得了高产 SOD大蒜悬浮细胞系 ,培养 1 8d后达到最大生物量及最大 SOD总酶活分别为2 2 .1 2 g.DW/ L及 1 0 .81× 1 0 4 U/ L,最大单位细胞酶活为 679.67U/ g.FW,SOD最大比活力可达 85 .98U/mg Pro,具有较强的 SOD合成能力。