H2O2和.OH及其清除剂对大麦叶片液泡膜微囊质子转运活性的影响

大麦叶片液泡膜微囊经Ｈ２Ｏ２ 和·ＯＨ处理后,Ｈ＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ 和Ｈ＋ＰＰａｓｅ 水解活性和泵运质子活性下降, Ｈ＋ＰＰａｓｅ 对Ｈ２Ｏ２ 更敏感一些。同时加入与Ｈ２Ｏ２ 和·ＯＨ 相同浓度的抗坏血酸（ＡｓＡ） 或甘露醇可显著恢复两种酶的活性和质子转运活性。Ｈ２Ｏ２ 和·ＯＨ 处理后,Ｈ＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ 米氏常数（ Ｋｍ） 变大,Ｈ＋ＰＰａｓｅ 的最大反应速度（ Ｖｍａｘ） 减小     

跨膜Ca~(2+)梯差对大豆下胚轴质膜H~+-ATPase活力的影响

采用两相法得到高纯度封闭的大豆下胚轴质膜微囊,研究了跨膜Ｃａ２＋梯差对质膜Ｈ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ质子转运和ＡＴＰ水解活力的影响。结果表明,在１０００：０．１,１０００：０．５,１０００：１及１０００：１０（μｍｏｌ／Ｌ：μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）几种梯差下,随着跨膜钙梯差的减小,质膜Ｈ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ质子转运活力逐步降低。然而,上述几种梯差对Ｈ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ水解活力的影响却很小。进一步研究发现,１０００：０．１及１０００：１（μｍｏｌ／Ｌ：μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）两种梯差对Ｋｍ值没有影响,但Ｋ＋对Ｈ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的激活作用在两种梯差下存在显著差别。ＭＣ５４０荧光、ＤＰＨ荧光偏振结果表明,跨膜钙梯差影响着膜脂的聚集状态和流动性。本文对跨膜Ｃａ２＋梯差对于大豆下胚轴质膜Ｈ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ水解与质子转运活力影响的可能机制进行了讨论。     

消炎痛对猪胃H＋／K＋—ATP酶质子转运功能的抑制

作为猪胃Ｈ＋／Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的非竞争性抑制剂,消炎痛明显抑制Ｈ＋／Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ泡囊的质子转运功能,造成质子泄漏。在０．１５ｍｇ／ｍｌ蛋白深度下,４％的消炎痛结合于Ｈ＋／Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ泡囊上。它能渗入膜脂相并显著降低膜的流动性。并使Ｈ＋／Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ内源荧光受到淬灭。从实验结果看来,消炎痛对猪胃Ｈ＋／Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ质子转运功能的抑制来自对酶蛋白和膜结构影响两个方面,而非仅抑制     

温度和底物对大豆液泡膜H~+-ATPase二级结构的影响

利用圆二色性光谱,检测了纯化的大豆液泡膜Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ在不同条件下蛋白二级结构的变化。液泡膜Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的圆二色光谱对温度敏感,２５℃、３７℃分别保温１０分钟２０分钟,２０８ｎｍ和２２２ｎｍ双负峰变小,酶蛋白α－螺旋含量减少,与２５℃相比较,３７℃保温时酶蛋白构象的变化更为剧烈、迅速。不同磷酸数目的腺苷酸处理,液泡膜Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的α－螺旋含量均降低,降低程度为ＡＤＰ＞ＡＭＰ＞     

大豆液泡膜H^＋—ATPase功能与构象关系的初步研究

大豆液泡膜Ｖ型Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ是ＡＴＰａｓｅｓ中的一种,它在植物细胞的生长发育中有重要的作用。利用竹红菌乙素（ＨＢ）和ＫＩ这两种分别猝灭蛋白质疏水区域内源荧光和亲水区域内源荧光的荧光猝灭剂,在不同ｐＨ值、温度条件下对纯化的大豆液泡膜Ｖ型ＡＴＰａｓｅ进行荧光猝灭实验,初步探讨了Ｖ型Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的水解活性同其蛋白质折叠状态间的关系。研究表明,通过比较不同ｐＨ值、温度条件下蛋白质疏水区域和亲     

盐胁迫下无花果细胞质和液泡膜H^＋—ATPase活性对脯氨酸积累 …

盐胁迫降低无花果振荡培养细胞培养液ＰＨ添加质膜Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性抑制剂Ｎａ３ＶＯ４则抑制盐诱导的培养液ＰＨ下降,表明盐诱导培养液Ｈ下降主要是细胞质膜Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性增加的结果。ＮａＣｌ处理提高活体细胞质膜Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性,而降低膜微囊Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性,培养液中添加Ｎａ３ＶＯ４ ５０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ完全抑制盐胁迫下无花果细胞游离脯氨酸只累,但添加更高浓度Ｎａ３ＶＯ４,则提高     

小麦根质膜H^＋—ATPase的部分纯化

以小麦（ＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍＬ．）根为材料,采用不连续蔗糖密度梯度离心法制备高纯度质膜微囊。质膜经ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ１００和ＫＣｌ处理后,再用Ｚｗｉｔｅｒｇｅｎｔ３１４增溶Ｈ＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ,最后用硫酸铵沉淀得到部分纯化的质膜Ｈ＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ。ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ结果表明,经过上述步骤纯化,分子量为９４ｋＤ的膜蛋白组分得到富集;与质膜相比,其含量提高１５．７倍。部分纯化的质膜Ｈ＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ可以水解ＡＴＰ,受Ｋ＋刺激,并被Ｎ,Ｎ′ｄｉｃｙｃｌｏｈｅｘｙｌｃａｒｂｏｄｉｍｉｄｅ（ＤＣＣＤ）抑制;ＡＴＰ水解活力被Ｎａ３ＶＯ４抑制９５％,但不被ＮａＮ３、ＮａＮＯ３和Ｎａ２ＭｏＯ４抑制。     

大豆液泡膜H~+-ATPase泵质子活性的研究

研究了大豆液泡膜Ｈ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ泵质子特性。液泡膜Ｈ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ泵质子活性受ＮＥＭ、ＮＢＤ－Ｃｌ、ＤＣＣＤ和ＮＯ３－的抑制。泵质子活性由二价阳离子启动,其有效性依次为Ｆｅ２＋＞Ｍｇ２＋＞Ｍｎ２＋,它以ＡＴＰ为最适底物,ＡＤＰ为竞争性抑制剂;最适ｐＨ为７．０,最适温度为５０°Ｃ。     

抗寒锻炼对冬小麦幼苗质膜Ca^2＋—ATPase的稳定作用

通过氯化铈（ＣｅＣｌ３）沉淀的电镜细胞化学方法,观察了抗寒锻炼对冬小麦（ＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍＬ．）幼苗质膜Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ的稳定作用,主要结果是：（１）正常温度（２０℃）下生长的冬小麦幼苗（未经抗寒锻炼）,其质膜上有很强的Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性反应;当经过－９℃３ｈ的低温处理后,质膜的Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性明显降低;在处理１２ｈ后,质膜的Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性进一步降低;当处理时间延长到２４ｈ,质膜的Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ完全失活,同时细胞的超微结构受到破坏。（２）冬小麦幼苗在２℃低温下锻炼１５ｄ后,其质膜的Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性高于未经抗寒锻炼的小麦幼苗。抗寒锻炼后的小麦幼苗在－９℃处理３ｈ后,质膜的Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性与低温处理前相比无明显降低;经低温处理１２ｈ,质膜仍保持较高的Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性,较同样低温处理（－９℃,１２ｈ）但未经抗寒锻炼的幼苗高;当－９℃低温处理２４ｈ后,质膜上仍可观察到Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ的活性反应,而且细胞的超微结构也未受到破坏。结果表明,抗寒锻炼可提高冬小麦幼苗质膜Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ在低温下的稳定性     

低pH对鲤鳃组织Na~ -K~ -ATPase酶活性的影响

Ｎａ Ｋ ＡＴＰａｓｅ酶几乎存在于所有动物的细胞中,是组成Ｎａ Ｋ 泵活性的主要部份,它不仅参与能量代谢、物质运送、氧化磷酸化的重要生化过程,而且它与膜上磷脂的结合状态,将影响膜的流动性,从而还会影响膜的其它功能。从人们发现ＤＤＴ对Ｎａ Ｋ ＡＴＰａｓｅ、ＭｇＡＴＰａｓｅ的抑制作用以来,广泛开展了多种污染物和生物体ＡＴＰａｓｅ之间关系的研究,并证实了有机农药、多氯联苯、金属、石油废水等污染物对ＡＴＰａｓｅ的影响。该研究国外已有不少的报道[1],而我国则报道甚少。特别是低ｐＨ对鲤鳃组织Ｎａ Ｋ ＡＴＰａｓｅ酶活性的…     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.