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植物体细胞无性系变异是植物组织培养中的普遍现象,关于这些变异的起源存在多种观点,如转座因子的活化、DNA甲基化等。本文综述了植物体细胞无性系的研究进展,从细胞学和分子生物学两个层次对无性系变异的起源进行了讨论。 相似文献
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植物体细胞无性系变异的遗传基础及主要影响因素 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
刘福平 《基因组学与应用生物学》2010,29(6)
植物体细胞无性系变异在组织培养中是非常普遍的现象,对改良植物品种和选育新品种具有重要的意义,但同时也是植物组培在所有其它应用领域的一大难题。植物体细胞无性系变异的遗传基础包括染色体变异、转座子活化、DNA甲基化状态改变、基因突变和DNA重复序列的改变等,这些因素相互关联,不是孤立地作为体细胞无性系变异的起源。在影响体细胞无性系变异的主要因素中,外植体脱分化的细胞分裂方式、培养基的生长调节物质、培养物经受氧化胁迫水平与体细胞无性系变异有着较为密切的联系,其中外源生长素、细胞分裂素是最重要的外部影响因素。通过本综述,在减少组培过程中无性系变异方面,建议深入了解生长调节物质与体细胞无性系变异遗传基础的关系,并以此为基础尝试无性系变异防控办法。 相似文献
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体细胞无性系变异是植物组织培养中的一种普遍现象.常见的有染色体数目和结构变异、序列变异、DNA甲基化变异、基因的活化与沉默等。转座子和逆转录转座子的激活表明通过组织培养发生表观遗传变异。综述了植物组织培养中体细胞无性系变异的研究进展.重点阐述表观遗传变异在植物体细胞无性系变异中的作用。 相似文献
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果树体细胞无性系变异与品种改良 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
对果树组织与细胞培养过程中,体细胞无性系变异的普遍性和多样性,影响体细胞无性系变异的因素和调控措施,导致体细胞无性系变异可能的细胞学与分子机制,以及体细胞无性系变异与果树品种改良的关系作了阐述,并对果树体细胞无性系变异的研究前景作了展望。 相似文献
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植物体细胞无性系变异是植物组织培养中的普遍现象,泛指在植物细胞、组织和器官培养过程中, 培养细胞和再生植株中产生的遗传变异或表观遗传学变异。植物体细胞无性系变异的发生有其遗传学基础, 可从形态学、细胞学、生物化学和分子生物学等多个方面对其进行综合检测和鉴定。植物体细胞无性系变异是植物育种的有利资源, 但同时也是植物微繁和遗传转化工作中需要克服的一大难题,一直被众多研究者所关注。本文分别从细胞学和分子生物学两个层次综述了植物体细胞无性系变异的遗传学基础及其鉴定方法的研究进展,并就其在植物品质改良中的应用现状、存在的问题和应用前景进行了讨论。 相似文献
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植物体细胞无性系变异研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
植物体细胞无性系变异是植物组织培养中的普遍现象,泛指在植物细胞、组织和器官培养过程中,培养细胞和再生植株中产生的遗传变异或表观遗传学变异。植物体细胞无性系变异的发生有其遗传学基础,可从形态学、细胞学、生物化学和分子生物学等多个方面对其进行综合检测和鉴定。植物体细胞无性系变异是植物育种的有利资源。但同时也是植物微繁和遗传转化工作中需要克服的一大难题,一直被众多研究者所关注。本文分别从细胞学和分子生物学两个层次综述了植物体细胞无性系变异的遗传学基础及其鉴定方法的研究进展.并就其在植物品质改良中的应用现状、存在的问题和应用前景进行了讨论。 相似文献
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植物体细胞无性系变异研究进展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
组织培养技术的日益成熟,使数以千计的植物通过器官或胚胎发生形成了再生植株。按照Haberlandt的细胞全能性学说,即植物的每个体细胞具有相同的遗传信息,因此人们起先认为本质是无性繁殖的组织培养所得到的再生植株应与原来植株的基因型是一致的。但是,随着有人首先注意到培养的细胞和再生植株有形态及染色体变异以来(Blakely等,1964),已有众多的报道发现植物离体培养物和再生植株会发生各种各样的变异。其中许多变异在品种改良上颇有价值,引起了研究者们的广泛兴趣。一些研究者从不同的角度对体细胞无性系变异现象作了很好的综述(Larkinand Scowcroft,1981;Orton,1983;Maliga,1984;商效民,1984;朱至清,1991)。本文结合近些年的新进展,对植物体细胞无性系变异研究领域进行较系统的评述,以丰富体细胞遗传学的内容,促进其在植物改良上应用研究的发展。 相似文献
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The organ-specific somaclonal variation means the differences between the variability of somaclones originated from different somatic tissue of plant. Significant differences in some agronomical characters were achieved among somaclones of seed and plumule meristem origin. The ploidy-dependent somaclonal variation means the differences between the variability of somaclones originated from different ploidy-level tissue. Increased variation among regenerated plants was postulated by origin from cultured cells of reduced ploidy level. The comparison of somaclonal variation in the progenies of diploid plants regenerated from callus of haploid and diploid origin supported the ploidy dependent theory. The pollenhaploid somaclone method (PHS-method) was developed and tested for utilization somaclonal variation in rice breeding. The PHS-method comprises the two well-known and widely applied in vitro methods which are the androgenesis (another culture) and genetic instability of cultured haploid somatic cells (callus cultures). Developmental varieties produced by this breeding sheme are under certification in Hungary. 相似文献
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Wellington Ronildo Clarindo Carlos Roberto de Carvalho Fernanda Santos Araújo Isabella Santiago de Abreu Wagner Campos Otoni 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,92(2):207-214
Several protocols have been proposed for in vitro propagation of papaya, either based on somatic embryogenesis or shoot organogenesis.
It is well-known that tissue culture-based approaches are frequently associated with somaclonal variation. Whether on the
one hand this phenomenon can preclude further stages of in vitro culture, on the other hand it can generate useful genetic
variability for crop improvement. However, somaclonal variation analyses are limited in papaya tissue culture. The DNA ploidy
level of 250 papaya somatic embryogenesis-derived plantlets from immature zygotic embryos was analyzed by flow cytometry.
In vitro-grown and greenhouse seed-derived plantlets were used as diploid standards. Flow cytometry unambiguously evidenced
euploid (diploid, mixoploid, triploid and tetraploid) and aneuploid papaya plantlets, indicating that in vitro culture conditions
can lead the occurrence of somaclonal variation. Additionally, the two subsequent flow cytometry analyses showed that the
DNA ploidy level remained stable in all cloned papaya plantlets during the successive subcultures in the multiplication medium. 相似文献
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K. Nawrot‐Chorabik 《Plant biosystems》2013,147(2):377-385
Abstract The somaclonal variation analysis was conducted on callus of 57 lines obtained by the method of somatic embryogenesis from six zygotic embryos (with different genotypes) of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) located in two mountain regions in the south of Poland. The somaclonal variation at the DNA level was estimated using RAPD markers and the data produced were used to estimate the level of similarity using Jaccard’s coefficient. For RAPD analysis, 24 ten‐nucleotide primers from the groups OPA, OPB and OPG were used. Two genotypes deriving from Krynica and My?lenice showed high genetic similarity (Jaccard’s coefficient 0.74 and 0.83), which provides a substantial chance for producing firs with the parental genotype. The remaining four genotypes showed somaclonal variation (average Jaccard’s coefficient approx. 0.5). The significance in variation of the research sites was ascertained by the ANOVA statistical test, which showed the impact of genotype, type of medium and phytohormones included in it on the variation among the fir lines bred in vitro. The somaclonal variation data in silver fir could be useful for its propagation through in vitro culture, and in generating detailed genetic maps of this species. 相似文献
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Somaclonal variation in plants: causes and detection methods 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Plant tissue culture has become one of the fundamental tools of plant science research. It is extensively employed in the
production, conservation and improvement of plant resources. The presence of somaclonal variation in populations derived from
tissue culture is affecting the use of tissue culture negatively and has remained a major problem. Conversely, it is a source
of new desirable clones/variants with better agronomic traits. In this review, we summarize the possible causes, detection
methods and desirability of variants. Somaclonal variation is one of the most researched and reviewed topics. Hence, we restricted
ourselves to outlining various examples which may be used as important references for researchers who intend to identify and/or
characterize somaclonal variants while using tissue culture for research and production. Emphasis is placed on the negative
effects of somaclonal variation. However, this review also includes examples of some useful variants generated as a result
of somaclonal variation. 相似文献
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Summary In a micropropagation program, where it is of paramount importance to produce true-to-type planting material, somaclonal variation
of any kind is undesirable. Variation among plants regenerated from tissue culture is termed ‘somaclonal variation’. In banana,
somaclonal variants of different type have been reported with regard to plant morphology. This article discusses various factors
due to which somaclonal variations may arise. Somaclonal variation may be detected by visual screening or by using molecular
markers such as randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and by cytological
studies. Although somaclonal variation is undesirable in the context of micropropagation, it can be used to advantage for
genetic improvement of banana, as has been described. 相似文献
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I. D. Godwin N. Sangduen R. Kunanuvatchaidach G. Piperidis S. W. Adkins 《Plant cell reports》1997,16(5):320-324
Summary RAPD analysis was performed among eight rice somaclonal families known to vary for specific characters and four somaclonal families which were phenotypically normal. The parental cultivar,indica rice cv. FR13A, was found to be homogeneous and homozygous at all but one of the 45 RAPD loci. Polymorphisms were found at 28 of the 45 bands among the somaclonal families, including both loss of parental bands, and the appearance of novel non-parental bands. Segregation data revealed both heterozygous and homozygous mutation events, with recessive mutations more prevalent than dominant. All somaclonal families differed significantly from the parental material, indicating that genomic alterations occurred in all families regardless of phenotype. None of the variant families could be regarded as isogenic lines of FR13A at the DNA level. However, some of the DNA level variation may be in highly repeated sequences with no phenotypic effects. The implications for somaclonal breeding and genetic engineering programs are discussed. 相似文献
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Microsatellite DNA markers of ten simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were used to examine somaclonal variation in randomly selected micropropagated plantlets derived from three different Populus tremuloides donor trees (genotypes). The plantlets were obtained from tissue cultures of dormant vegetative buds, and those derived from the same donor tree, grown in the greenhouse, did not exhibit any sign of visible morphological variation. No microsatellite DNA variation was observed among 13 somaclones of one tree and 4 somaclones of another tree at eight of the ten SSR loci. However, despite the small number of micropropagated progeny per tree sampled, microsatellite DNA variation was detected among the plantlets derived from the same donor trees at two SSR loci. The primer pair for the SSR locus PTR5 revealed somaclonal variation in 1 out of the 13 plantlets obtained from one genotype, while the primer pair for the PTR2 SSR locus revealed somaclonal variation in one out of the four plantlets obtained from another genotype. The variation at the PTR2 locus resulted in the appearance of a new allele of increased size, possibly due to an addition of the repeat units, while the variation at the PTR5 locus resulted in the appearance of third allele, presumably due to the presence of a single extra chromosome or duplication of a chromosomal segment. These results demonstrate that the genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants of P. tremuloides cannot always be assured and somaclonal variation can occur even when tissues of well organized vegetative buds are used for tissue cultures; that somaclonal variation cannot always be detected at the gross morphological level; and that microsatellite DNA markers provide useful and sensitive markers for determining the clonal fidelity and somaclonal variation in P. tremuloides. 相似文献