酿酒酵母超氧物歧化酶(SOD)基因的克隆和表达

通过PCR扩增技术从酿酒酵母中得到了Cu,zn—SOD的结构基因,此基因被亚克隆到大肠杆菌质粒载体pT7—7．得到重组质粒pT7－7：SOD。利用EcoRI和Pstl酶切pT7-7::SOD质粒．经琼脂糖凝腔电泳,DEAE-滤膜回收Cu。zn—SOD结构基因片段,将其亚克隆到M13中．并转化大肠杆菌,得到了重组质粒M13-::t SOD,酶切和纯化后的SOD基因,定向克隆到酵母质粒载体pHz－8的smal和EcoRI位点上,构建成重组质粒pHZ－8－l。经转化酵母受体菌ZH-l和DP—l后得到了转化子．来自于ZH—l的转化子在非选择性条件下培养40世代后仍有95％以上细胞保留重组质粒。而来自于DP-1的转化子很不稳定。经蛋白提取、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和酶活性测定结果表明,来自于zH－1转化子中SOD的表达量约为细胞可溶性蛋白的15％．并具有生物活性。     

乙型脑炎病毒sA14-14-2株NS1基因片段的克隆、测序与表达

以流行性乙型脑炎病毒减弱毒株SA14－14－2的基因组RNA为模板,采用RT－PCR技术扩增其NS1基因的cDNA,将其克隆到pMD18-T载体中,得到克隆质粒pMD18-T-NS1.pMD18-T-NS1经EcoRI和SalI酶切后,回收NS1片段克隆到原核表达载体pET-28a( )EcoRI/SalI位点,构建了重组原核表达质粒pET-28a（＋）－NS1。转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,IPTG诱导诱导获得高效表达。产物经SDS－PAGE电泳结果显示,表达产物分子量约为45kD。Western blotting分析表明产物具有抗原活性。     

BALB/c小鼠金属硫蛋白-1 cDNA基因在乳酸菌质粒表达载体pNZ2103上的克隆

目的用乳酸菌质粒表达载体pNZ2103克隆BALB／c小鼠金属硫蛋白（MT）-1 cDNA基因。方法设计一对含有限制酶Pst1和HindⅢ位点的引物。以质粒pET21a-MT为模板,采用PCR法扩增BALB／c小鼠MT-1cDNA。用限制性内切酶Pst1和HindⅢ将MT-1 cDNA克隆于质粒pNZ2103形成重组质粒pNZ2103-MT。将pN2103-MT转化进入大肠埃希菌DH5α。采用PCR法和Pat1、HindⅢ双酶切方法鉴定含有pNZ2103-MT的转化子。12％ SDS-PAGE鉴定pNZ2103-MT在大肠埃希菌DH5α的表达水平。结果获得含有pNZ2103-MT的DH5α转化子。结论以乳酸菌质粒表达载体pNZ2103构建的pNZ2103-MT在大肠埃希菌中表达水平较低,采用SDS-PAGE难以检测到表达水平的金属硫蛋白。     

用PCR扩增和克隆鸡传染性贫血病毒全基因组DNA

根据已发表的序列,分别在鸡贫血病毒(CAV)环形基因组DNA(全长2.3kb)的EcoRI位点和BamHI位点的两侧选择适当序列合成两对引物,用PCR技术,从斑点杂交检测到病毒核酸的CAV感染的MDCC-RP1细胞基因组DNA中,分别扩增出包含EcoRI和BamHI分割开的病毒基因组两部分(1.5kb和0.8kb)约1.5kb和约1.25kb的两个片段.再将其中相应序列拼接克隆进pUC18载体,获得包含CAV全基因组序列DNA片段的克隆质粒pCAV2.4.酶切分析表明,该质粒具有预期的BamHI位点、PstI位点、HindⅢ位点,而预期的EcoRI位点消失.重组质粒插入DNA片段的两端序列分析表明,质粒pCAV2.4是包含CAV全基因组序列的重组质粒,插入DNA片段序列中的EcoRI位点序列发生了一个碱基突变.     

肿瘤坏死因子相关的凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)cDNA的克隆、表达和活性测定

肿瘤坏死因子相关的凋亡诱导配体 (TRAIL)能选择性诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡 .为利用基因工程技术获得重组TRAIL蛋白可溶性片段 (sTRAIL) ,设计 1对引物 .利用PCR技术特异性扩增出sTRAIL的cDNA ,克隆于质粒pGEM 3Zf( )的EcoRⅠ和PstⅠ位点 .经测序证明序列正确后克隆于表达质粒pBV2 2 0的EcoRⅠ和PstⅠ位点 ,转化大肠杆菌DH5α .转化菌株经温度诱导 ,SDS PAGE检测和Western印迹鉴定 ,获得重组sTRAIL的高水平非融合表达菌株 .表达量占菌体总蛋白的 2 0 % .对其表达产物进行了初步纯化 ,SDS PAGE结果显示纯度可达 90 %以上 .用L92 9细胞测定其生物学活性表明 ,重组蛋白在体外能明显诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡     

解淀粉芽胞杆菌启动基因的克隆及其对地衣杆菌α-淀粉酶基因的调控

用大肠杆菌启动基因探针质粒pHE5克隆了解淀粉芽胞杆菌的启动基因。供体菌DNA的HindⅢ片段与pHE5重组后转化大肠杆菌,获得一批带启动基因的抗四环素转化子,其中四株的抗性达到200μg/mL,从这四株高抗性转化子中提取质粒,并对其中的一个重组质粒pAE23的插入片段进行限制性图谱分析和缺失研究,获得了一个缺失了部份片段,四环素抗性仍达到200μg/mL的衍生质粒pAED23,经酶切分析证明其上的启动基因位于0.8kb的EcoR Ⅰ—HindⅢ片段上。点杂交分析证实该片段来自解淀粉芽胞杆菌的DNA。将地衣杆菌的α-淀粉酶基因亚克隆至pAED23启动基因下游的HindⅢ位点上能增强该基因在大肠杆菌中的表达。     

重组hIL-10质粒构建及其在毕赤酵母SMD1168中的表达和纯化

构建重组hIL-10真核表达载体,探索在毕赤酵母中的表达,为进一步研究hIL-10生物学功能及临床应用奠定基础。PCR扩增目的基因hIL-10cDNA,经EcoRI/XbaI双酶切后,将其亚克隆至同样双酶切的载体pPICZaA中,构建表达质粒pPICZaA-hIL-10;电转化法,将其转入毕赤酵母SMD1168,甲醇诱导Mut+型转化子基因表达;对目的蛋白进行检测及纯化。扩增出了目的基因hIL-10cDNA,重组质粒pPICZaA-hIL-10经酶切鉴定和序列测定正确;表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析在42.0kD处可见较浓染条带,Westernblotting分析可见特异条带;ELISA检测72h上清液中目的蛋白浓度可达1.973mg/L;纯化后目的蛋白纯度达67.0%。实现了重组hIL-10在毕赤酵母SMD1168中的成功表达和初步纯化。     

牛疱疹病毒Ⅳ型(DN-599株)DNA的分子克隆

从感染的MDBK(牛肾)细胞中直接抽提出牛疱疹病毒IV型(BHV-4)DNA。分别经限制性内切酶EcoRⅠ,HindⅢ或BamHI消化后,用鸟枪法和选择法将病毒DNA片段克隆到质粒pBR322和pUC9的相应位点中,构建了三组病毒DNA基因库。阳性克隆是用光生物素标记的病毒DNA和牛胸腺细胞DNA与各重组质粒DNA杂交而筛选的。总共克隆了病毒基因组的94％,其中用EcoRI克隆了83.4％,BamHI克隆了63.4％,HindIlI克隆了45％。     

植物遗传工程

940738小南瓜花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因:克隆序列分析及其在烟草原生质体中1的表达〔英万Hu,J.S…了Areh.Virol一。1993,130(i一2)一17~31仁译白DBA,1993,12(19),93一11036〕 克隆了南瓜花叶就豆花叶病毒(SqMV)香瓜株系中间部分RNA的互补DNA。分离出SqMVmRNA,通过蔗糖梯度离心分级分离双链cDNA、用E。。Rl DNA一甲基化酶使之甲基化并将EcoRI-亲和性接头连到两侧末端。用EcoRI消化后,将。DNA克隆到质粒pUC18的EcoRI位点上。转化并筛选大肠杆菌DHS感受态细胞。设计了4种寡核普酸引物,用以在SqMV寡核昔酸序列和预测的多聚蛋白…     

含质粒复制起始区ori44的苏云金芽胞杆菌解离载体的构建

将苏云金芽胞杆菌转座子Tn4430的解离酶识别位点res分别插入克隆载体pRSET B和pUC19得到质粒pBMB1201和pBMB1202。这两个质粒分别经BamHI/Hin dⅢ和EcoRI/HindⅢ双酶切回收含res位点的小DNA片段,与穿梭载体pHT3101经EcoRI/HindⅢ双酶切后加收的含大肠杆菌复制起始区、氨苄青霉素抗性基因和红霉素抗性基因的3．3kb片段连接,获得重组质粒pBMB1203。封闭pBMB1203两res位点外的BamHI和EcoRI位点后,得到解离载体pBMB1204。将来源于苏云金芽胞杆菌库斯塔克亚种YBT－1520的质粒复制起始区ori44片段插入pBMB1204的两res位点之间,得到解离穿梭载体pBMB1205。该解离载体插入壮观霉素抗性基因后电转化无晶体突变株,在辅助质粒所提供的解离酶作用下可发生解离消除抗性基因,解离频率为100％,解离后的质粒稳定性为93％。利用解离穿梭载体pBMB1205可在用抗性筛选到转化子后特定消除抗性标记基因和其它非苏云金芽胞杆菌DNA片段。     

CLONING OF MELITTIN cDNA FROM HONEYBEE INTO THE HIGH EXPREHION PLASMID OF ESCHERICHIA COLI*

Abstract Total mRNA from venom glands of newly emerged queen bees was reversely transcribed into cDNA and cloned into the EcoRI site of plasmid λgt11; cDNA library for bee venom was thus constructed. PCR technique was used to produce the melittin coding sequence from the cDNA library. A 87 bp product was produced and inserted into the EcoRI and PstI sites of the high level expression vector pBV220. Recombinant plasmid pBM95 was transformed into the competent cells of E.coli JM101. After screening transformants on LB medium with ampicilin, structure of the recombinant plasmid pBM95 from transformants was analyzed and melittin gene in pBM95 was sequenced. The cloned cDNA coding for honey bee melittin was obtained.     

日本鬼鲉毒腺cDNA表达文库的构建和初步分析

以海洋生物日本鬼鲉毒腺为材料,应用SMART^TM cDNA Library Construction技术,构建以真核表达载体pcDNA3.0为基础的日本鬼鲉毒腺cDNA表达文库.通过对文库克隆的序列测定和初步生物信息学分析,获得94个日本鬼鲉毒腺新表达序列标签（ESTs）,其中已确定全长cDNA的克隆有35个,包括溶细胞素基因、类短链神经毒素蛋白、C型凝集素、巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子、致病相关基因等,这些基因在日本鬼鲉中绝大多数为首次发现.日本鬼鲉毒腺cDNA表达文库的成功构建,为深入研究日本鬼鲉毒腺的组分及其分子作用机理奠定了基础.     

蜂毒溶血肽的研究进展

蜂毒溶血肽 (melittin)是蜜蜂毒液的主要组分 ,由 2 6个氨基酸残基组成 ,具有两亲性和种的特异性。它的cDNA已经被克隆 ,并以融合蛋白的形式在大肠杆菌Escherichiacoli中进行表达。蜂毒溶血肽的作用机制主要包括脂酶的激活 ,产生第二信使 ,调节一些酶及离子通道 ;Ca2 +的水平调节 ,影响骨骼肌和心肌的收缩 ;作为脂类代谢的探针。由于蜂毒溶血肽结构简单 ,且抑制病毒复制 ,因此可将其用于癌症的基因治疗及爱滋病的防治。此外 ,蜂毒溶血肽还可作为对一些作用机理进行研究的模型肽。     

Isolation of functional cDNA clones for human thymidylate synthase

Thymidine auxotrophic mutants of mouse FM3A cells due to thymidylate synthase deficiency can be transformed into prototrophs by DNA-mediated gene transfer using total human DNA (Ayusawa, D., Shimizu, K., Koyama, H., Takeishi, K., and Seno, T. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 48-53). From one such transformed cell clone, cloned recombinant lambda phages containing DNA fragments were obtained recently that were concluded by circumstantial genetic evidence to have been derived from the human thymidylate synthase gene (Takeishi, K., Ayusawa, D., Kaneda, S., Shimizu, K., and Seno, T. (1984) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 95, 1477-1483). Using a DNA segment derived from the cloned genomic DNA fragment and free of repetitive sequences as a probe, functional cDNA corresponding to thymidylate synthase mRNA could be cloned from a cDNA library of SV40 transformed human fibroblasts constructed by Okayama and Berg (Okayama, H. and Berg, P. (1983) Mol. Cell. Biol. 3, 280-289). The cloned cDNA plasmid containing an insert of approximately 1.7-kilobase transformed mouse thymidine auxotrophic mutant cells to thymidine prototrophic cells at a frequency of 2-3 transformants/micrograms of DNA/10(5) cells, a value almost comparable to the highest so far reported. The resultant transformants retained the introduced cDNA and expressed human thymidylate synthase protein sufficient for supporting normal growth of otherwise auxotrophic mouse cells.     

Intensification of the interaction of IgG with C1q in the presence of melittin as a possible reason for anaphylaxis under the effect of bee venom

The hydrophilic head of melittin (peptide from bee venom) has the amino acid sequence which is very close to the amino acid sequence of C1q-binding site of the IgG molecule. It was shown, that melittin caused the multiple growth of the interaction of C1q with IgG monoclonal antibody. We assume, that the appearance of melittin in blood causes the spontaneous antigen-independent aggregation of IgG and C1q with the following triggering of the classical pathway of the complement cascade and origin of C3a and C5a components. This can be one of the mechanisms of anaphylaxis as an answer to bee venom.     

Apoptotic Effect of Melittin Purified from Iranian Honey Bee Venom on Human Cervical Cancer HeLa Cell Line

Melittin, an amphipathic 26-residue peptide, is the main component of honey bee venom. Studies have been demonstrated that melittin has an inhibitory effect on proliferation of cancer cells. However, the precise mechanism of action is not completely understood. In the present study we have shown that purified melittin from Iranian honey bee venom shows anti-cancer effects on human cervical cancer cell line through induction of apoptosis. The venom was collected from Iranian honey bee (Apis mellifera meda) and melittin isolated using reversed phase HPLC. Biological activity of melittin was analyzed by hemolytic test on human red blood cells. In order to investigate whether melittin inhibits proliferation of cervical cancer cells, the viability of the melittin treated HeLa cell line was measured via MTT assay. Finally, cell death analysis was performed using Propidum iodide and Annexin V-FITC dual staining. The results showed that the half hemolytic concentration (HD50) induced by mellitin was 0.5 µg/ml in free FBS solution. IC50 obtained after 12 h at 1.8 µg/ml by MTT assay. According to flow cytometric analysis, melittin induced apoptosis at concentrations more than 1 µg/ml. These results suggest that melittin induces apoptotic cell death in cervical cancerous cells as observed by flow cytometric assay. It is concluded that melittin could be regarded as a potential candidate in future studies to discovery of new anticancer agents.     

Molecular cloning of the Aleutian disease virus genome: expression of Aleutian disease virus antigens by a recombinant plasmid

Three nonoverlapping segments representing approximately 80% of the 4.8-kilobase pair Aleutian disease virus (ADV-G) duplex genome were molecularly cloned into either bacteriophage M13mp9 (M13bm2 = 0.07 to 0.15 map unit; M13bm1 = 0.15 to 0.54 map unit) or plasmid pUC8 (pBM1 = 0.54 to 0.88 map units). In addition the 0.54- to 0.88-map unit segment of a Danish isolate of ADV (DK ADV) was also cloned into pUC8 (pBM2). The recombinant plasmids pBM1 and pBM2 induced expression of several polypeptides in Escherichia coli JM103 that were specifically recognized by sera from mink infected with ADV. The same three proteins with approximate molecular weights of 55,000, 34,000, and 27,000 were detected both by immune blotting and by immunoprecipitation of [35S]methionine-labeled JM103 (pBM1). None of these proteins were recognized in JM103 or JM103 (pUC8), nor were they detected by sera from normal mink. Purified pBM1 and pBM2 DNA appeared identical in size by gel analysis and contour length measurement, and electron microscopic heteroduplex mapping revealed no visible areas of heterology. However, restriction endonuclease mapping showed that pBM2 was different from pBM1, indicating that this segment of the ADV genome was similar but not identical for two strains of ADV (ADV-G and DK ADV). Furthermore, when cloned DNA from ADV-G was labeled with [32P]dCTP by nick translation, DNA relatedness to several field strains of ADV (Utah I, Pullman, and DK), but not to mink enteritis virus or cellular DNA, was shown by Southern blot hybridization.     

The construction, identification and partial characterization of plasmids containing guinea-pig milk protein complementary DNA sequences.

A complementary DNA (cDNA) plasmid library has been constructed in the plasmid pAT153, using poly(A)-containing RNA isolated from the lactating guinea-pig mammary gland as the starting material. Double stranded cDNA was inserted into the EcoRI site of the plasmid using poly(dA . dT) tails, then transformed into Escherichia coli HB101. From the resulting colonies we have selected and partially characterized plasmids containing cDNA copies of the mRNAs for casein A, casein B, casein C and alpha-lactalbumin. However, the proportion containing casein C cDNA was exceptionally low, and these contained at best 60% of the mRNA sequence.     

The use of bee venom melittin to assess the topography of membrane vesicles derived from Paracoccus denitrificans

There exists considerable controversy regarding membrane topography in vesicles derived by osmotic lysis of spheroplasts of Gram-negative bacteria. It has been reported by others that bee venom can be used to quantitate the portion of a heterogeneous vesicle population with an inside-out orientation by determining the degree of loss of crypticity of NADH dehydrogenase activity. We have demonstrated that a major component of bee venom, melittin, causes an increase in the activity of several different respiratory enzymes in isolated membrane vesicles of Paracoccus denitrificans. The degree of stimulation produced by melittin is dependent upon (i) the nature of the respiratory substrates, (ii) the pH, (iii) the presence of Mg2+, (iv) the melittin: membrane protein ratio, and (v) the growth history of the cells from which the membrane vesicles were derived. Melittin-induced enhancement of TMPD:ascorbate and cytochrome c oxidase activities cannot be accounted for by increased accessibility of nonpermeant substrate to the interior of the vesicle. The stimulatory effect of melittin may rely in part on its ability to alter the proton permeability of the membrane thereby abolishing respiratory control. Collectively these observations call into question the usefulness of bee venom melittin in quantitative analyses of membrane topography. These results are consistent with the postulated existence of a homogeneous vesicle population in which the topography of the NADH dehydrogenase is different from that of the intact cell.