陕西省鸟类新纪录

在整理历年来采集鸟类标本中发现陕西省鸟类新纪录6种,目前陕西鸟类达392种及亚种。现简述如下。(量度以毫米、衡度以克为单位)。灰斑鸻Pluvialis squatarola(Linnaecis)l♀,1985·10·27,汉中市龙江。体重216.5,体长298,翅长194,嘴峰29,跗蹠51,尾长78.2。成体。苍鹰西藏亚种Accipiter gentilis khamensis(Bianchi)1♀,1986·1·20,汉中市褒河。体重380,体长490,翅长345,嘴峰24,跗蹠75,胫长87,尾长245。亚成体。鬼鸮甘肃亚种Aegotius funereus beickianus Streeman1♀,1982·4·14,汉中市汉中师范学院校园内。体重140,体长212,翅长158,嘴…     

四川发现毛腿沙鸡

1991年12月30日、1992年1月7日,在四川省金堂县赵镇朱家林河漫滩小麦地中采到毛腿沙鸡(Syrrhaptes paradoxus)3只(3♀,2♂)。1♂体重232克,体长402,嘴峰11,翅长242,尾长210,跗蹠21mm。1♀体重207克,体长348,嘴峰10,翅长231,尾长168,跗蹠18mm。     

青藏高原褐背拟地鸦表型特征的性别差异与地理变异

将数值分类用于鸟类分类学研究时,对于雌雄的形态特征差异没有被重视,尤其是对于雌雄同形的鸟类。本文以雌雄同形的褐背拟地鸦Pseudopodoces humilis为材料,运用SPSSl0．0FORwINDOwS统计分析软件对108号褐背拟地鸦标本(51♀♀,57♂♂)的数量性状(体长、跗跖长、翅长、尾长、嘴宽、嘴高、上喙长、下喙长、嘴裂、第3趾爪长、第1趾爪长)的原始数据进行分析,结果表明雌、雄性状在翅长(n＝51,P＝0．012)和嘴高(n＝57,P＝0．043)上有明显差异,但在体长、跗跖长、尾长、嘴宽、上喙长、下喙长、嘴裂、第3趾爪长、第1趾爪长等数值特征上却没有明显的差异。所以在以后对于褐背拟地鸦的地理种群变异和亚种分化的研究中,翅长和嘴高两特征应该根据雌雄分别讨论。通过对不同性状量度和纬度的相关回归分析,发现在测量标本所涉及的采集地范围内,即主要在青藏高原东南部地区,褐背拟地鸦体长和雄乌的翅长在地理分布上随纬度的增加而变小,而其它性状特征没有明显的地理分布纬度上的变化。     

东方田鼠两亚种幼体生长特征参数的比较

在相同驯养条件下同步测定东方田鼠(Microtus fortis)指名亚种和长江亚种幼体的生长特征参数。两亚种初生幼体表型特征无明显差异。采用Von Bertalanffy生长模型对两亚种幼体的体重、体长和尾长,以Logistic生长方程对后足长生长过程进行拟合与描述。指名亚种雄体渐近体重、体长和尾长均大于或显著大于长江亚种,雌体前者小于后者;两亚种在17~20 d体重均已产生性二型分化,长江亚种两性个体渐近体重、体长和尾长差值大于指名亚种。两亚种雌体体重、体长、尾长和后足生长速率均相应地大于雄体,体重生长曲线拐点出现时间、瞬时生长率曲线拐点出现时间较体长、尾长和后足长明显迟缓。两亚种两性个体的后足长生长速率要大于其体重、体长和尾长。结果表明,(1)雌体较雄体早熟;(2)雄性体重指名亚种大于长江亚种,雌体相反,指名亚种性二型现象较长江亚种明显;(3)后足长较体重、体长和尾长较早地达到成熟时的大小;(4)两亚种幼体性二型分化时间早于其性成熟过程。     

安县发现毛腿沙鸡

1991年12月14日,在四川省安县花荄镇海拔500米的安昌河边采得一只雄性毛腿沙鸡(Syrrhaptes paradoxus)。体重224克;全长320,嘴峰16,翅长250,尾长200,跗蹠长21毫米。嘴为鸡嘴状,足仅3趾,均黑灰色;跗蹠和     

陕西省雁鸭类两种新纪录

1985年至1987年3月,我们在汉中地区野鸭资源调查中,发现两种雁鸭类的新纪录。至今陕西省鸟类有394种及亚种。两新纪录种简况如下:(量衡度以毫米及克为单位)。翘鼻麻鸭Tadornatadorna(Linné)性别♂(1)、♀♀.(3),体重1090、876.7,体长605、533,嘴峰58、46.3,翅长337、294,尾长147、118,跗蹠67、49.5。采集地:汉江河汉中市铺镇大梁段,1985.Ⅱ.5。四只翘鼻麻鸭,是由猎人邓新华一枪所获,当时该群约70—80只,在当地属冬候鸟。凤头潜鸭Aythyafuligule(Linné)性别♂♂(3),体重760—790(775),体长43.5—46(44.7),嘴峰40—42(41),翅长204—219(20…     

四川鸟类新纪录

近几年来,著者在进行金堂地区鸟类资源调查过程中,发现下列5种另1亚种是四川鸟类新纪录。量度单位:体重(克),长度(毫米)。1.灰脸鵟鹰Butastur indicus(Gmelin)1985年9月13日采于金堂盐井乡三岔村,海拔约850米。1986年10月4日又在盐井乡老牛坡采得1只。两地均属龙泉山脉,该鸟在金堂属旅鸟。2♀,体重580、540,体长430、410,翼长333、317,嘴峰30、28,尾长205、191,跗蹠60、52。头顶及后颈均棕褐色,各羽有黑色干纹。眼先灰白,耳羽、颊暗灰。尾上复羽灰褐具白端,尾下复羽纯白,尾羽灰褐具四道较宽阔的黑色横斑,末端灰白。2.长尾灰伯劳(指名亚种)…     

树麻雀表型的环境适应进化

树麻雀(Passer montanus)分布范围广、海拔梯度大,也是人类活动的伴随物种。对中国837个样本的10个形态特征与温度、日照、海拔和风速等4个主要环境因子进行相关分析,结果显示:树麻雀的体重、嘴裂、翅长、尾长、跗跖长、脑骨宽、眼间距与日照因子显著相关(P0.05),体重、体长、翅长、尾长、跗跖长与海拔因子显著相关(P0.05),体重、嘴峰、翅长、脑骨长与温度因子显著相关(P0.05),表明树麻雀的形态指标易随环境因子的变化而变化。通过控制经度和海拔两个变量,对形态指标与纬度的偏相关分析表明,体重、翅长、脑骨长和脑骨宽与纬度呈显著正相关(P0.05),体表突出部分嘴峰、嘴裂与纬度呈显著负相关(P0.05),即随着纬度的升高,树麻雀身体逐渐变大,符合贝格曼规律;体表突出部分嘴峰和嘴裂随纬度升高变短,符合阿伦规律。飞行能力与海拔因子呈极显著正相关(n=92,r=0.217,P=0.038),表明树麻雀在高海拔地区具有更强的飞行能力,这也许是它成为广布种的重要原因。     

宁夏鸟类新纪录

本文将近年在宁夏各地新发现的十种鸟类整理报道如下:1.黑鹳Ciconia nigra见于中卫和青铜峡。银川市中山公园1984年6月曾在青铜峡收到一对幼鹳,目前还在饲养。夏候鸟。2.赤膀鸭Arias strepera1♂,1984.Ⅲ.14.采于银川郊区黄河岸边。体重523克(单位下同)。体长539、尾长111、翅长276、嘴峰43、跗蹠37毫米(单位下同)。全身浅灰棕色;腹下灰白色;翼镜白色,前面有黑斑。旅鸟。3.红头潜鸭Aythya ferisa1♂,1984.Ⅲ.14.采于银川郊区黄河岸边。体重900、体长480、尾长50、翅长210、嘴峰47、跗蹠37。头和颈栗红色;翼镜灰色。旅鸟。4.斑头秋沙鸭Merg…     

笼养0～15周龄黑颈长尾雉生长曲线拟合与分析

为了探讨黑颈长尾雉Syrmaticus humiae雏鸟的生长发育规律,本研究对0~15周龄黑颈长尾雉的体重、跗跖长、嘴峰长、体长和翅长进行了测定,利用Logistic、Gompertz和von Bertalanffy三种非线性模型对黑颈长尾雉的各量度指标进行了拟合和分析。结果表明,体重、跗跖长、嘴峰长和体长的生长过程用Logistic模型拟合效果更佳(R20.97),而翅长更适合用von Bertalanffy模型拟合(R2=0.9899),其生长拐点分别为:体重(16.31 w,439.552 g)、跗跖长(7.70 w,38.519 mm)、嘴峰长(2.52 w,8.810 mm)、体长(5.01 w,180.020 mm)和翅长(1.82 w,81.055 mm)。运用三种模型对黑颈长尾雉雏鸟生长曲线的拟合是可行的,黑颈长尾雉的体重、跗跖长、嘴峰长、体长和翅长之间的相关性均极显著(P0.01),其中跗跖长与其他各指标间的相关性最好(R2均在0.94以上),跗跖长可作为衡量黑颈长尾雉雏鸟生长发育的参考指标。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.