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1.
Cultures of a Californian cultivar of Colocasia esculenta varantiquorum, UCI Runner, produced abnormal structures in additionto plantlets on Linsmaier-Skoog (LS) medium supplemented with1 0 mg 11 adenine-N-benzyl-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl or6-dimethylaminopurine and 0 1 mg 11 napthaleneaceticacid after at least 32 weeks of culture A number of substitutionsand combinations of growth regulators were tested in an attemptto stimulate normal plantlet development These included trialswith 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylicacid, and 2,3,5-triodobenzoic acid (TIBA) When tissues werecultured on LS medium without hormones, and supplemented with1 mg 11 TIBA, plantlet production occurred in 2 to 4weeks and the number of abnormal structures was reduced Auxin, calloid, callus culture, cytokinins, micropropagation, development 相似文献
2.
Callus of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) was initiatedfrom stem and root explants which were obtained from seedlingsgrowing in vitro, on Linsmaier Skoog (LS) medium supplementedwith 1 mg l1 2, 4-D and 1 mg l1 BA or only 1 mgl1 BA, and the Vacin and Went medium without hormones.Somatic embryos were formed on LS medium containing 1 m l1BA. Embryos developed into complete plants on filter paper saturatedwith hormone-free LS medium. Onobrychis viciifolia, somatic embryogenesis, callus culture, plant regeneration 相似文献
3.
Ethylene and Ethane Production in 2,4-D Treated and Salt Treated Tobacco Tissue Cultures 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gas chromatography was used to measure ethylene (ethene) andethane production by tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Wisconsinno. 38) callus tissues grown on media containing inorganic saltsaccording to Murashige and Skoog (1962), sucrose, myo-inositol,thiamine-HCl kinetic according to Linsmaier and Skoog (1965),and either 2,4-dichiorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in the range0100 mgl1 or 2 mgl1 indoi-3-ylacetic acidplus NaCl in the range 0200 Meq l1. Ethylene productionrates were high (> 500 nl h1 g1 fresh weight)initially in all treatments. Subsequently, ethylene productiondeclined in rapidly growing cultures but remained high in moderatelyand severely 2,4-D (> 0·5 mgl1) stressed andin severely NaCl (150 Meql1) stressed cultures. Highinitial rates of ethane production (> 200 nl h1 g1fresh weight) were obtained under conditions of severe stresscaused by 2,4-D or NaCl but not in control or moderately inhibitedcultures. With further incubation ethane production declinedin the severely stressed cultures. It is concluded that ethyleneproduction can be used as an index of moderate 2,4-D stressand severe NaCl stress by virtue of the high persisting ratesof ethylene production in stressed cultures. Ethane productioncan be used as an early index of severe stress caused by either2,4-D or NaCl in vitro. Nicotiana tabacum L., tobacco, ethylene, ethenen, ethane, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, auxin, stress, callus tissue 相似文献
4.
Leaf sections of Browallia viscosa and B. speciosa were placedon Murashige and Skoog (1962) salts and vitamins medium (MS)containing auxins and cytokinins, singly or in combination,to elicit morphogenetic responses. B. viscosa developed extensiveroots in 4 weeks on media supplemented with indolebutyric acid(IBA), indol-3-yl acetic acid (IAA) or naphthalene acetic acid(NAA) (0·01, 0·1, 1·0, 5·0 and 10·0mg1), but with 2, 4-D (0·1 mg1) only lightyellow friable callus was obtained. Shoot initiation and elongationoccurred consistently in 46 weeks on leaf sections inthe presence of 6---dimethylallyl amino purine (2iP). Similarly,shoot regeneration from leaf-derived callus, initiated and sub-culturedon MS + benzyladenine (BA) + NAA only induced callus on leafexplants of both species. B. speciosa did not respond exceptfor moderate and prolific callus formation on MS + BA + NAAand Uchimiya and Murashige (1974) media respectively. Browallia viscosa, Browallia speciosa, tissue culture, regeneration, morphogenetic potential 相似文献
5.
Effects of Growth Regulators and Glutamine on In Vitro Development of Zygotic Embryos of Taro (Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zygotic embryos of taro, Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorumcultured on Linsmaier-Skoog (LS) medium without the additionof hormones develop into mature plants only in the presenceof endosperm tissue. Growth is usually evident within the firstweek of culture when embryos swell and become green. Embryosexcised from endosperm and cultured on LS containing 0-01 mg11 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 001 mg 116-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) grow at a rate comparable withcontrols for the first week of culture. During the second week,growth rates are higher than controls primarily because embryosform elongated hypocotyl regions which often produce swollentissues and/or callus. In the presence of 200 mg 11 glutamineand a range of concentrations of 6-dimethylaminopurine, benzyladenine,or NAA, elongation of the hypocotyl axis is inhibited, and acompact callus may develop. Embryos grown on LS containing 200mg 11 glutamine and 2.0 mg 11 2, 4, 5-trichlorophenoxyaceticacid form friable callus which was used to generate short-livedsuspension cultures. Growth Regulators, Glutamine, tygotic embryos, Colocasia esculenta, endosperm 相似文献
6.
Mangat, B. S. and Janjua, S. 1987. Cyclic nucleotides and invitro plant cultures. I. Induction of organogenesis in tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum) callus cultures.J. exp. Bot. 38:20592067. The possibility that cyclic nucleotides have a mediatory rolesimilar to cytokinins in plant tissue cultures was examined.Calli obtained from tobacco pith tissue were incubated on growthmedia supplemented with either cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, adenosineor guanosine, in concentrations ranging from (mg dm3)0 to 2·0 together with 2·0 mg dm3 of IAA.Results were compared with identical calli grown on media containingcomparable amounts of kinetin and IAA. Increase in callus growthwas observed on all media containing cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP,adenosine, guanosine or kinetin. Adenosine or guanosine didnot promote organogenesis. Low concentrations (0·02 and0·05 mg dm3) of kinetin stimulated extensive rootdevelopment. Some root formation was also elicited with higheramounts of cyclic AMP (0·1 and 0·2 mg dm3)or cyclic GMP (0·2 and 0·5 mg dm3). Bothkinetin and cyclic GMP promoted shoot differentiation. However,in contrast to kinetin, cyclic GMP induced organogenesis atlower concentrations (0·02 and 0·1 mg dm3).The addition of 2·0 mg dm 3 of cyclic AM P toIAA-free growth media elicited shoot differentiation. This wasalso the case with a similar concentration of kinetin or cyclicGMP. Results suggest cytokinin activity for the two cyclic nucleotides. Key words: Tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, tissue culture, cyclic nucleotides, cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP organogenesis 相似文献
7.
The calabrese cultivar Brassica oleracea var. italica cv. GreenComet was used in a study of the effects of exogenous hormoneson the growth and differentiation of seedling organs in vitro.Four types of explants were tested: hypocotyl segments, rootsegments, primary leaf discs and cotyledon discs. These explantswere incubated on media containing factorial combinations ofBAP x IBA, BAP x NAA, KN x IBA and KN x NAA (all at 0, 0.1,10 and 10.0mg l1). Hypocotyls were the most regenerativeexplants; shoot production was favoured by cytokinin: auxinratios greater than one and was decreased by IBA at 10 mg l1when callus was produced. Shoot formation from root explantsoccurred either in the absence of hormones or with low concentrations;no shoot was produced when any hormone was present at 10 mgl1. In contrast, shoot production from primary leaf diseswas favoured by high concentrations of both auxin and cytokininwith the combination of BAP and IBA the most effective. Shootproduction from cotyledon discs was sporadic with no consistentresponse on any auxin/cytokinin combination. After further experimentson the optimization of hormone concentration, the followingcombinations were chosen as allowing reliable regeneration:0.1 mg l1 BAP+0.1mg l1 IBA for hypocotyl segments,0.075 mg l1 KN +0.025 mg l1 IBA for root segments,and 5.0 mg l1 BAP+5.0 mg l1 IBA for leaf discs. Brassica oleracea var. italica, calabrese, tissue culture, seedling, auxin, cytokinin 相似文献
8.
Adventitious plantlets were obtained from lateral buds, shoottips, embryos, and pieces of stem and rachilla tissue of Phoenixdactylifera L. cultured on a modified Murashige and Skoog mediumcontaining 3 mg l1 N-(2-isopenty)adenine 0?1100mg l1 -naphthaleneacetic acid or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacid, and 3 g l1 activated charcoal. Additions of auxinswere necessary to induce explants to produce callus, adventitiousplantlets, and roots. Plantlets were obtained from explantscultured 34 months in vitro. No difference in growthresponses between male and female explants was observed duringculture. Complex addenda of activated charcoal and polyvinylpyrrolidonewere tested in the nutrient media at various concentrationsto prevent explant browning. Activated charcoal fostered satisfactorygrowth by reducing the browning and inhibition of growth ofexplants. 相似文献
9.
Dr. Smitha Hegde Vipin Kumar Menon Rudolf Noronha L. D’Souza 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2006,42(6):508-513
Summary Callus induction and regeneration studies were carried out on a medicinal fern, Drynaria quercifolia native to Asian countries. It is a seasonal fern that regenerates only during the monsoons. Callus was induced on Knop’s
(1865) medium supplemented with 20 gl−1 sucrose, 8gl−1 agar, and either 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic
acid (picloram), or indole-3-butyric acid at different concentrations. Morphogenetic callus obtained on 5 mgl−1 2,4,5-T was subcultured onto solid and liquid media (shaken flask and discontinuously stirred bioreactor cultures) for callus
proliferation and regeneration studies. A significant amount of sporophyte regeneration was observed on solid medium containing
10 mgl−1 6-(δ, δ-dimethylallylamino) purine (2iP). Sporophyte regeneration from callus followed an atypical pattern of development.
Leafy structures of single-cell thickness with a microrhizome were formed as sporophyte initials. Prolonged cultures of these
structures resulted in the formation of juvenile sporophytes in vitro. The use of liquid media resulted in increased biomass in culture. The present study is the first report of a successful
system for callus production and regeneration of sporophytes from leafy structures in ferns. The method can be successfully
applied for generation of biomass of D. quercifolia, throughout the year. 相似文献
10.
Two-node explants from Sweet Orange cv. St Ives Valencia orangeshoots produced prolific callus and formed secondary abscissionzones within internodes when cultured in vitro with abscisicacid (ABA, 5 µM) or -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 5 µM).Benzyladenine (BA, 1 µm) induced callus but had littleeffect on abscission. Secondary abscission zone formation wasassociated with ABA-induced and auxin-induced ethylene formation.Treatment of explants with inhibitors of ethylene synthesis[aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), Co2+, PO43] preventedformation of secondary abscission zones but had variable effectson callus formation. Newly made explants contained high concentrationsof endogenous ABA (up to 6000 ng g1 f.wt), as measuredby GC/MS/SIM. Long-term subculture of explants (two years) inmedia containing BA (1 µm) led to a reduction in endogenousABA level (40 ng g1 f. wt) and to loss of capacity toform extensive callus and secondary abscission zones. Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. St Ives Valencia, sweet orange, secondary abscission zones, in vitro, ethylene, endogenous ABA, endogenous IAA 相似文献
11.
Callus was induced from mature embryos of Alstroemeria cv. Butterflycultured on MS medium supplemented with 2·0 or 4·0mg dm3 2,4D or picloram and incubated at 25°Cin the dark. The effect of auxin concentration and precultureof embryos was studied. Callus was capable of regeneration aftertransfer to MS medium containing 4.0 mg dm°3 BAP. Shootsand whole plantlets were regenerated. The effect of growth regulators,used in the callus induction medium and the regeneration medium,on plant regeneration was studied Key words: Alstroemeria, callus, plant regeneration. 相似文献
12.
Callus cultures of Nardostachys jatamansi DC. maintained onMurashige and Skoog's medium containing 3.0 mg 11 of-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.25 mg 11 of kinetin whenshifted to medium containing 0.251.0 mg 11 ofindole-3-acetic acid or indole-3-butync acid showed profuserhizogenesis. The callus-regenerated roots when transferredto medium containing 2.06.0 mg 11 of kinetin producedshoot buds. The de novo shoot bud regeneration took place eitherdirectly from cortical cells or from the inner stelar region.In addition, direct, concomitant root-shoot development wasalso observed. Nardostachys jatamansi, organogenesis, root-buds 相似文献
13.
Micropropagation of Pissardi Plum 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
An efficient medium for multiplication of Prunus cerasifera,J. F. Ehrh. cv. Atropurpurea, Pissardi plum, consistedof Linsmaier-Skoog basal medium (LS) supplemented with 3% sucrose,10mg 11 N4-(2-isopentenyl) adenine (2iP), and 162 mg11 phloroglucinol (Phl). Phl in the medium significantlyenhanced growth (P < 0.1 %) over cultures maintained on LSmedium with 10 mg 11 2iP and no Phl. Plantlets were rootedon a half-strength Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium supplementedwith 0.2 mg 11 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Prunus cerasifera, Pissardi plum, micropropagation, phloroglucinol, N6-(2-isopentenyl) adenine 相似文献
14.
Somatic Embryogenesis and Analysis of Peroxidase in Cultured Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Cotyledons 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Somatic embryos were induced in lettuce cotyledons culturedon Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium containing either 2 mgl1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 0.2 mg l1 naphthaleneaceticacid (NAA) or 0.2 mg l1 BA and 2 mg l1 NAA. Bothcombinations induced a frequency of over 70%. The explants culturedonly in the presence of 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)did not produce somatic embryos. The development of the embryoidswas studied histologically and by scanning electron microscopy.Peroxidase activity was assayed and the isoenzyme pattern ofcalluses was determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Callus from an embryogenic line showed a much higher peroxidaseactivity than that from a non-embryogenic line, one extra peroxidaseisozyme band being present and typical of the embryogenic callus.No qualitative differences were detectable between the embryogeniccalluses. Lactuca sativa L, lettuce, somatic embryogenesis, peroxidases, isoenzymes 相似文献
15.
The combined application of 106 M adenine and 106M mevalonic acid to soya bean callus accelerated its growth.Two biologically active compounds that co-chromatographed withzeatin and isopentenyl adenine were extracted from this callus.Studies with labelled adenine and mevalonic acid indicated thatthe cytokinin-dependent soya bean callus incorporated only avery small amount of the radioactive precursors into the biologically-activecompounds, making it extremely difficult to determine whetherthese compounds were synthesized de novo or whether they aroseas by-products of tRNA turnover. As cytokinins do not accumulatein rapidly-growing cytokinin-dependent soya bean callus culturedon kinetin as a source of cytokinin it seems as if biosynthesisde novo occurs when the callus is supplied with adenine andmevalonic acid. Glycine max (L.) Merrill, soya bean, callus culture, adenine, mevalonic acid, endogenous cytokinins 相似文献
16.
The role of benzyladenine (BA) in the differentiation of trachearyelements in Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tuberexplants was studied. For maximum differentiation of trachearyelements (2530% of the cell population), treatment withoptimal concentrations of benzyladenine (5.0 mg dm3)in the presence of -naphthaleneacetic acid |NAA| (1.0 mg dm3)for the first 6 d was as effective as its continued presenceduring the entire 14 d period of study. A majority of the differentiatedtracheary element appeared between the 10th and 14th days ofculture. It was further observed that concentrations of activecytokinins in the tissue were considerably reduced within 2d after transfer from the BA-containing medium to a BA-freemedium. This was shown in three different ways: (1) monitoringthe amount of ethanol-soluble radioactivity at various timesafter transfer from |14C|-BA containing medium to BA-free medium;(2) bioassay of various cytokinin fractions from tissue extractseparated by thin layer chromatography; (3) indirect assay oftissue cytokinin activity through its interaction with abscisicacid for the promotion of auxin-induced cell division in thistissue. Both gibberellic acid (5.0 mg dm3) and abscisic acid(20 mg dm3) effectively inhibited the differentiationof tracheary elements even if provided after 6 d of pre-incubationin a high tracheid inducing medium. However, the appearanceof differentiated cells for the first 2 d after transfer wasnot significantly affected. A hypothetical scheme for the role of benzyladenine in the differentiationof tracheary elements in this tissue is discussed. It is suggestedthat during one or more critical cell divisions in the presenceof optimal levels of benzyladenine, a proportion of cells areinduced or committed for later differentiation into trachearyelements. The high concentrations of benzyladenine requiredduring induction are not needed during the intervening celldivisions, nor for the actual differentiation of the trachearyelements. Key words: Tracheary element differentiation, Jerusalem artichoke (Heliantlus tuberosus), Benzyladenine, Gibberellic acid, Abscisic acid 相似文献
17.
The addition of Braun and Wood's inorganic supplements (845mg l1 KCl, 1800 mgl1 NaNO3, 300 mg l1 NaH2PO4.2H2O,790 mg l1 (NH4)2SO4) to White's medium caused markedincreases in the growth of normal tissues of Helianthus annuus,Nicotiana rustica, Daucus carota, and Vinca rosea and crown-galltumour tissues of H. annuus. However, no evidence was obtainedwhich suggested that the presence of these extra salts markedlyinfluenced the essential requirements of normal callus for auxinsand kinetin. In contrast their presence significantly influencedthe hormonal requirements of certain habituated cultures ofH. annuus and V. rosea. These habituated cultures had specificauxin requirements on White's medium while either an auxin orkinetin was sufficient on high-salts medium. These results arediscussed in relation to previous reports which suggested thatthe biosyntheses of auxins and other growth factors in normaland crown-gall cultures are specifically activated by certaininorganic ions. 相似文献
18.
Polyribosome formation was stimulated by cytokinin treatmentof cultured cells of Glycine max cv. Funk Delicious. When suspensioncultures were given 0·5 µM zeatin after 24 h inculture in medium lacking a cytokinin, a nearly 2-fold increasein the polyribosome/monoribosome ratio occurred over the subsequent3 h. The effect of actinomycin D and of 5-fluorouridine on RNAsynthesis and on the polyribosome/monoribosome ratios of thesecells was examined. Actinomycin D at 5 and 20 µg/ml1inhibitedtotal RNA synthesis by 39 and 60%, respectively, as measuredby [3H]uridine incorporation into acid-precipitable material.The degree of inhibition of precursor incorporation into polyribosomalRNA was similar. At 0·1 mM, 5-fluorouridine inhibited[3H]uridine incorporation by 76%, and [3H]guanosine incorporationby 66% into polyribosomal RNA after 3 h of treatment. Fractionationof the polyribosomal RNA by oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatographydemonstrated that low concentrations of both actinomycin D (5µg ml1) and 5-fluorouridine (0·1 mM) inhibitedthe synthesis of ribosomal RNA to a greater extent than thepoly(A)-containing fraction of the messenger RNA. Synthesisof the poly(A)-containing RNA was inhibited by 24% with 5µgml1 actinomycin D and by 30% with 0·1 mM 5-fluorouridine.At the above concentrations, these two inhibitors reduced thepolyribosome/monoribosome ratio of the cytokinin-deprived cellsover a 3 h period, but they did not prevent cytokinin-inducedpolyribosome formation. These results provide further evidencethat cytokinin regulates polyribosome levels through an effecton protein synthesis at the translational level 相似文献
19.
Agrobacterium rhizogenes Mediated Transformation of the Forage Legumes Medicago sativa and Onobrychis viciifolia 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
GOLDS T. J.; LEE J. Y.; HUSNAIN T.; GHOSE T. K.; DAVEY M. R. 《Journal of experimental botany》1991,42(9):1147-1157
Three cultivars of M. sativa and one cultivar of O. viciifoliawere evaluated for their response to inoculation with A. rhizogenesstrain A4T (containing pRiA4b). A cultivar-dependent responsewas observed in M. sativa with 94%, 25%, and 4% of infectedstem explants producing transformed roots in the cultivars Vertus,Regen-S, and Rangelander, respectively. In O. viciifolia cv.Hampshire Giant, an explant-dependent response was observedwith 78% and 50% of seedling cotyledon and hypocotyl explantsresponding, respectively. Leaf explants failed to produce transformedroots. Transformed roots showed plagiotropic and negativelygeotropic growth on hormone-free agar MS medium. Productionof transgenic shoots from O. viciifolia root cultures occurredspontaneously. Recovery of transgenic plants from M. salivacv. Rangelander was achieved by transfer of callus (inducedon UM medium containing 2·0mg dm3 2,4-D and 0·25mg dm3 kinetin) to MS medium containing 0·5 ingdm3 BAP and 0·05 mg dm3 NAA. Cultured rootsof both species synthesized opines (agropine and mannopine).Extensive morphological variation was observed in plants ofM. sativa (clone Al) and O. viciifolia (clone A4Tl) establishedin the glasshouse. DNA sequences homologous to TL-DNA and TR-DNAwere present in root clones and regenerated plants. Key words: Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Medicago sativa, Onobrychis viciifolia, transformed roots, transgenic plants 相似文献
20.
Shoot bud formation was induced in the stem callus of Sisymbriumirio L., a Cruciferous plant. The callus was established onMurashige and Skoog medium with IAA (1?0 mg l1) and kinetin(0?5 mg l1). The effect of three purines (kinetin, 6-benzylaminopurine,and 6-methylaminopurine) incorporated singly along with IAAin MS medium was investigated. It was found that kinetin orMAP (35 mg l1) along with IAA (0?5 mg l1)were the most effective in inducing shoot bud formation. Adeninesulphate (10 mg l1) with kinetin (1?0 mg l1) alsoinduced bud differentiation. The morphogenetic potential of the callus to differentiate shootbuds was seemingly lost in 2 year old callus cultures. However,on successively subculturing on a regeneration medium shootbuds differentiated and the number of buds formed improved onfurther subculture. Two types of meristematic outgrowths were recognized: (i) arisingfrom superficial cells and (ii) arising from deep-seated cellsin the vicinity of tracheidal elements. However, both typesformed meristematic nodules on the surface of which shoot budsdifferentiated. Some embryoids were also recognized arisingsuperficially. 相似文献