光周期和温度对中缅树Qu产热能力的影响

低温短光照诱导中缅树Ｑｕ体重增加、体温降低、产热能力增强,静止代谢率增另的速度和比例高于非颤抖性产热,低温短光照刺激肝脏一体蛋白质量、线粒体氧化能力和细胞色素Ｃ氧化酶活性显著增加;短光照也刺激褐色脂肪组织总蛋白和线粒体蛋白量、线粒体状态ＩＶ呼吸、细胞色素Ｃ氧化酶、α－磷酸甘油氧化酶及Ｔ４５－脱碘酶活性显著提高。低温和短光照促使血清Ｔ３浓度增加、Ｔ４浓度不变。结果表明,中缅树Ｑｕ的适应性产热特征不仅     

褪黑激素对布氏田鼠适应性产热的诱导作用

秋季,将布氏田鼠置于２３±２℃,光周期１４Ｌ∶１０Ｄ的环境中,每日腋下注射褪黑激素,共四周。导致布氏田鼠的非颤抖性产热被激活,褐色脂肪组织和肝的总蛋白及线粒体蛋白含量明显地增加;肝线粒体状态４和状态３呼吸活力显著增加;刺激肝和褐色脂肪组织线粒体细胞色素Ｃ氧化酶活力升高;明显地升高血清Ｔ３浓度和增加Ｔ３／Ｔ４比率。表明在秋季褪黑激素能明显提高布氏田鼠的产热能力。短光照对布氏田鼠产热的调控可能是通过松果体分泌的褪黑激素而实现的。     

光周期和温度对中缅树()产热能力的影响

低温短光照诱导中缅树()体重增加、体温降低、产热能力增强,静止代谢率增加的速度和比例高于非颤抖性产热;低温短光照刺激肝脏线粒体蛋白质量、线粒体氧化能力和细胞色素C氧化酶活性显著增加;短光照也刺激褐色脂肪组织总蛋白和线粒体蛋白量、线粒体状态IV呼吸、细胞色素C氧化酶、α-磷酸甘油氧化酶及T45'-脱碘酶活性显著提高.低温和短光照促使血清T3浓度增加、T4浓度不变.结果表明,中缅树()的适应性产热特征不仅受到低温的显著影响,而且光周期也参与了适应性产热的调节.     

外源褪黑激素通过调节摄食和产热降低大绒鼠的体重

褪黑激素（MEL）是一种向动物传递光周期信息的分子,也参与能量稳态的调节。为探讨外源褪黑激素对大绒鼠（Eothenomys miletus）体重、能量代谢及体温调节的影响,将大绒鼠置于（25 ± 1）℃,光周期12 L∶12 D（白昼与黑夜各12 h）的环境中,每日腹腔注射褪黑激素（20 μg/kg）,共28 d。结果发现,注射外源性褪黑激素后,大绒鼠的体重和摄食量显著降低,摄水量增加;核心体温和肩胛间皮肤温度显著升高;静止代谢率（RMR）和非颤抖性产热（NST）显著升高;肝和褐色脂肪组织（BAT）中的线粒体蛋白含量、细胞色素c氧化酶（COX）活性升高;褐色脂肪组织中的总蛋白、解偶联蛋白1（UCP1）、α-磷酸甘油氧化酶（α-PGO）、T45′-脱碘酶（T45′-DII）活性显著升高,但对肝总蛋白和α-PGO无显著影响;血清中瘦素、三碘甲腺原氨酸（T3）浓度显著上升,甲状腺素（T4）浓度显著降低。此外,注射褪黑激素后大绒鼠睾丸重量显著降低,表明其导致大绒鼠性腺退化。相关分析表明,解偶联蛋白1含量和三碘甲腺原氨酸浓度呈正相关,T45′-脱碘酶活性和三碘甲腺原氨酸含量呈正相关,暗示T45′-脱碘酶可能在褪黑激素诱导褐色脂肪组织产热中起重要作用。总之,外源褪黑激素可能通过抑制摄食和增加产热降低了大绒鼠的体重。     

冷暴露对中缅树鼩褐色脂肪组织中解偶联蛋白1含量的影响

自备抗血清采用酶联免疫法测定了中缅树鼩(Tupaia belangeri)在(5±1)℃冷暴露0 d、7 d、14 d、21d、28 d时,褐色脂肪组织(BAT)中解偶联蛋白1(UCP1)的含量.结果表明,随着冷暴露时间的延长,中缅树鼩的体重、褐色脂肪组织重量均表现出了增加的趋势,BAT线粒体总蛋白和UCP1的含量也呈增加的趋势,其中UCP1的含量在28 d时达到极显著水平,比对照组增加了55.9%.说明冷暴露能够诱导中缅树鼩UCP1表达增加,从而使其适应性产热增加.     

中缅树鼩的非颤抖性产热及细胞呼吸特征

中缅树鼩(Tupaia belangeri chinensis)是东南亚树鼩中分布最北的一个种。在热中性区内的非颤抖性产热(nonshivering thermogenesis NST)分别为2.57±0.21(冬)和2.21±0.12(夏)mlO_2/(g·h);分别为体重预期值的75.9％和61.2％,两者不仅冬季显著高于夏季,而且亦高于典型的热带种类,但低于温带类群。褐色脂肪组织(brown adipose tissue,BAT)的重量冬季为0.622±0.015 S,夏季0.532±0.80 g,冬季也显著高于夏季;同时,BAT总蛋白含量、线粒体蛋白含量以及细胞α-磷酸甘油氧化酶和细胞色素C氧化酶活性,冬季也显著高于夏季,但增加的比例较温带种类低;而肝脏细胞的上述指标及线粒体状态Ⅲ、状态Ⅳ呼吸等,冬夏两季均无显著差异。因此,中缅树鼩的NST和细胞产热能力介于热带与温带类群之间,显示出向温带类型过渡的趋势。     

长爪沙鼠季节性产热特征比较

与夏季相比、冬季长爪沙鼠的静止代谢率和非颤抖性产热显著升高;褐色脂肪组织线粒体的细胞色素C氧化酶与α-磷酸甘油氧化酶活力升高,组织总蛋白质及线粒体蛋白质含量增加,而组织的脂肪含量减少;血清T3含量和T3/T4值都显著增加。但是肝脏的各项产热指标变化不显著、表明褐色脂肪组织的产热功能具有季节波动性,是长爪沙鼠适应性产热的主要来源器官．     

PRDM16和BMP7基因表达量在中缅树鼩体重调节中的作用

为探讨季节性环境变化下中缅树鼩PRDM16(PR domain-containing 16)和BMP7(bone morphogenetic proteins 7)基因表达量对其生理适应性调节的作用,本研究测定了野外不同季节和实验室冷驯化条件下中缅树鼩的体重、静止代谢率(resting metabolic rate,RMR)、非颤抖性产热(nonshivering thermogenesis,NST)、摄食量、PRDM16和BMP7基因表达量的变化。结果表明:季节性变化过程中中缅树鼩的体重、RMR、NST、褐色脂肪组织(brown adipose tissue,BAT)重、白色脂肪组织(white adipose tissue,WAT)重和摄食量均是冬季显著高于夏季;中缅树鼩不同季节的PRDM16和BMP7基因表达量差异极显著,PRDM16表达量的季节变化趋势为:冬季秋季春季夏季;BMP7表达量的季节变化趋势为:冬季秋季夏季春季。冷驯化条件下,中缅树鼩的体重、RMR、NST、摄食量、BAT含量、大网膜WAT含量显著增加,PRDM16和BMP7基因表达量也显著增加。以上结果表明,中缅树鼩褐色脂肪细胞存在PRDM16和BMP7肌源性起源,即冬季或者低温条件下中缅树鼩PRDM16和BMP7表达量上调,促进褐色脂肪细胞形成,增加NST来弥补产热的不足,以适应冬季寒冷的环境。PRDM16和BMP7在中缅树鼩季节性产热调节和能量代谢中起着重要的作用。     

褐色脂肪组织产热及其调节机制

褐色脂肪组织产热受至体内各种生理因素的调节,其线粒体的解偶联蛋白的调节已成为褐色脂肪组织产热调节的关键。交感神经释放的去甲肾上腺素,甲状腺素,Ｔ３和胰岛素等内分泌激素可以从基因表达水平影响到解偶联蛋白的含量,从而调节褐色脂肪组织的产热能力。     

中缅树Qu的非颤抖性产热及细胞呼吸特征

中缅树qu(Tupaia belangeri chinensis)是东南亚树qu中分布最北的一个种。在热中性区内的非颤抖性产热(nonshivering thermogenesis NST)分别为2.57±0.21(冬)和2.21±0.12(夏)mlO[2]／(g·h);分别为体重预期值的75.9%和61.2%,两者不仅冬季显著高于夏季,而且亦高于典型的热带种类,但低于温带类群。褐色脂肪组织(brown adipose tissue,BAT)的重量冬季为0.622±0.015 g,夏季0.532±0.80 g,冬季也显著高于夏季;同时,BAT总蛋白含量、线粒体蛋白含量以及细胞α-磷酸甘油氧化酶和细胞色素C氧化酶活性,冬季也显著高于夏季,但增加的比例较温带种类低;而肝脏细胞的上述指标及线粒体状态Ⅲ、状态Ⅳ呼吸等,冬夏两季均无显著差异。因此,中缅树qu的NST和细胞产热能力介于热带与温带类群之间,显示出向温带类型过渡的趋势。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.