无载体固定化细胞的研究进展

以无载体固定化酵母细胞酒精连续发酵的成功工业化应用为实例,并与通常的载体固定化细胞技术比较,阐述了无载体固定化细胞技术的优缺点,系统提出了无载体固定化细胞技术的概念,进而对无载体固定化细胞技术在其它微生物发酵和动植物细胞培养过程的应用前景进行了展望。     

光交联聚氨酯作载体的固定化细胞产生a-淀粉酶的研究

将可光交联的聚氨酯预聚物与枯草杆菌细胞悬浮液混匀后经紫外光照射交联,制得固定化细胞,用于产生a-淀粉酶。探讨了交联和固定化条件对裁体结构和固定化细胞产酶性能的影响,研究了这种固定化细胞的使用特性。结果表明:光交联聚氨酯能有效地固定枯草杆菌细胞,进行正常增殖和产酶,改变交联和固定化条件能调节载体的孔容、孔径和比表面,从而调节固定化细胞的产酶性能和其它使用特性;枯草杆菌经光交联聚氮酯载体固定化后对温度和pH的适应性提高,在同样条件下,这种固定化细胞的产酶能力比游离细胞提高约30％,亦高于用k-角叉菜胶作载体的固定化细胞．     

无载体固定化细胞的研究进展

以无载体因三化酵母细胞酒精连续发酵的成功工业化应用为实例,并与通常的载休固定化细胞技术比较,无载体固定化细胞技术的优缺点,系统提出了无载体固定化细胞技术的概念,进而对载体固定化细胞技术在其它微生物发酵和动植物细胞培养过程的应用前景进行了展望。     

陶瓷载体固定化酵母发酵动力学研究

固定化细胞和固定化酶一样,作为固液两相的非均相催化反应系统,其反应速度无疑受到内外扩散的影响。世界各国的化学工程学者在固定化酶反应动力学方面研究得较多,固定化细胞反应动力学研究虽有些报道,但主要集中在以海藻酸钙为载体的固定化系统,且载体形状为球形颗粒。对于其他材料的不同形状颗粒载体的固定化细胞动力学研究报道较少。陶瓷作为固定化细胞载体是我们研究的一种固定化细胞的新型载体,在机械强度,孔径大小,细胞与之结合牢固度及其稳定活性,再生性能方面有其特有的优越性^[10]。为了给在生产实践中使用这种新型载体提供理论依据,本文采用球型陶瓷和拉西环陶瓷为载体固定化酵母,对它们的发酵动力学进行了比较研究。     

固定化米根霉生产L－乳酸的研究

开发了利用聚氨酯泡沫为载体固定化米根霉生产Ｌ－乳酸的新工艺。确定了固定化细胞发酵条件：葡萄糖浓度为５０ｇ／ｌ,载体立方体边长为４～８ｍｍ,载体量为２０ｃｍ３／７０ｍｌ培养基,固定化细胞制备培养时间为２４ｈ．利用固定化细胞发酵产酸速率是游离菌的３倍以上,对糖转化率达７７．７０％,与理论转化率相近。该固定化细胞应用在反复间歇发酵中可稳定１０批次以上。     

聚乙烯醇固定化酵母细胞制备CTP研究

以聚乙烯醇为固定化载体,固定化冷冻处理过的啤酒酵母细胞从CMP制备CTP;分别从胶的型号、浓度和固定化方法的优化等方面摸索了最适的固定化条件,固定化细胞在试验条件下连续发酵8次,转化率维持在85%～95%。同时,还对固定化细胞的稳定性进行试验研究,并用HPLC对产品进行了分离鉴定。     

PVA-卡拉胶混合载体固定化大肠杆菌-酵母菌混合体系生产谷胱甘肽

提出了ＰＶＡ－卡拉胶混合载体固定化微生物细胞的技术,确定了较好的制备工艺,并用该载体对大肠杆菌－酵母菌混合体系进行了固定化研究。结果表明：在ＰＶＡ浓度１０％,卡拉胶浓度０．５％,成型剂的ｐＨ值６．４,菌体量０．５ｇ／ｇ固定化细胞,固化时间３６ｈ的条件下,固定化细胞具有较好的机械强度和较高的酶活力。     

一种固定化酵母细胞的复合载体——PVA-海藻酸盐凝胶

固定化细胞这一生物技术在近20年来发展迅速,已涉及食品、发酵、化工、医疗、生化等各领域.新型载体研制是发展固定化细胞技术的一个主导因素.PVA(聚乙烯醇)是近年来用于固定化细胞的一种新载体材料,但目前制备PVA凝胶的方法通常是在PVA溶液凝固后(或加入固化剂、乳化剂等让其凝固)手工切块.为了解决PVA载体的成球问题,简化制备方法,我们进行了这方面的研究.本文报道了用PVA和海藻酸钠制备的一种固定化细胞载体新配方,比较了几种常用载体及几种PVA载体的性能及用于乙醇发酵的实验结果.     

一种固定化酵母细胞的复合载体——PVA-海藻酸盐凝胶

固定化细胞这一生物技术在近20年来发展迅速,已涉及食品、发酵、化工、医疗、生化等各领域.新型载体研制是发展固定化细胞技术的一个主导因素.PVA(聚乙烯醇)是近年来用于固定化细胞的一种新载体材料,但目前制备PVA凝胶的方法通常是在PVA溶液凝固后(或加入固化剂、乳化剂等让其凝固)手工切块.为了解决PVA载体的成球问题,简化制备方法,我们进行了这方面的研究.本文报道了用PVA和海藻酸钠制备的一种固定化细胞载体新配方,比较了几种常用载体及几种PVA载体的性能及用于乙醇发酵的实验结果.     

用κ-角叉菜胶和海藻酸钠为载体固定化葡萄糖异构酶的研究

葡萄糖异构酶由于在果葡糖浆生产中的重要性,国内外已研究了多种固定化方法。千烟一朗等利用角叉菜胶作载体,在产氨基酸菌体,产酒酵母的固定化方面取得了较好的效果。我们采用日产角叉菜胶和国产海藻酸钠作载体制备了固定化细胞葡萄糖异构酶,对两种载体的制备、特性和使用进行了研究。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.