禹州漏芦醇提物对四氯化碳所致小鼠急性肝损伤的影响

探讨禹州漏芦乙醇提取物对四氯化碳(CCl4)诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。以CCl4诱导小鼠急性肝损伤模型,检测血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性,同时测定肝匀浆中的超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)的水平。将肝大叶HE染色,观察各组小鼠的肝组织病理改变。结果表明,同模型组比较,禹州漏芦乙醇提取物各剂量组均能降低小鼠血清中ALT、AST及MDA活性,升高肝组织中GSH-Px和SOD的活性,并能明显改善肝组织的病理学损伤。禹州漏芦乙醇提取物对CCl4所致小鼠急性肝损伤具有较好保肝作用,其作用可能与清除体内自由基和抗氧化的作用有关。     

黔产毛蒟水提物对急性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用

探讨黔产毛蒟水提物(PTE)对四氯化碳(CCl_4)诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用及其作用机制。本研究中将50只昆明种小鼠随机分为5组,各组10只,分别为空白组、模型组(0.01 g/kg的0.15%CCl_4菜油溶液造模)、PTE组(低剂量组0.5 g/kg和高剂量组1.0 g/kg)和阳性对照组(联苯双酯0.15 g/kg)。检测各组小鼠谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)含量;测定肝组织匀浆中脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;计算肝脏的湿重指数;HE染色法观察肝脏组织的病理学变化。与空白对照组相比,模型组血清ALT、血清AST、肝脏指数、肝组织MDA含量以及血清TNF-α明显增高(均P0.01),肝组织SOD活性明显降低(P0.01),肝组织病理损伤明显。与模型组相比,PTE高剂量组和阳性对照组血清ALT显著降低(P0.01),PTE低、高剂量组和阳性对照组血清AST、肝脏指数、肝组织MDA含量以及血清TNF-α含量均明显降低(P0.05或P0.01),肝组织SOD活性明显升高(P0.01),并减轻了肝组织病理损害。PTE可减轻CCl_4诱导的急性肝损伤,其机制可能与抗氧化、抑制TNF-α的产生有关。     

柴胡五味子及其配伍对化学性肝损伤的作用研究

观察柴胡及五味子对CCl4诱导的急性肝损伤的小鼠治疗效果。采用CCl4制备小鼠急性肝损伤模型,测定小鼠血清ALT、AST和肝组织MDA、SOD、GSH水平,并进行肝病理组织学检查。结果:五味子、柴胡、五味子及柴胡连用高、低剂量组与CCl4模型对照组比较ALT、AST、MDA、SOD含量均降低,差异有显著性。结论:五味子和柴胡可降低肝损伤小鼠血浆ALT、AST水平,具有良好的保肝效果。     

地鳖肽对CCl_4诱导的慢性肝损伤小鼠的抗氧化保护作用的研究

目的探讨地鳖肽对CCl4致诱导的慢性肝损伤小鼠的抗氧化保护作用。方法小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、地鳖肽组(50、100、200 mg/kg)及阳性药组,正常组小鼠灌服生理盐水,地鳖肽组小鼠每天灌服不同剂量地鳖肽、阳性药组小鼠每天灌胃水飞蓟素(100 mg/kg),连续6周,同时除正常组小鼠腹腔注射花生油溶液外,其余组小鼠腹腔注射0. 1%CCl4花生油溶液10 m L/kg,每周2次连续6周,末次给药24 h后小鼠称重处死取肝组织,HE染色观察肝组织学变化,分光光度法检测肝功能酶(AST、ALT)、抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT、GSH-Px)、过氧化物(MDA),荧光定量PCR法测定炎症因子、凋亡因子、纤维化因子基因表达,ELISA测定炎症因子蛋白水平。结果显微镜观察结果正常组小鼠肝细胞未见异常,模型组小鼠肝细胞出现充血、坏死、纤维化现象、肝小叶消失,地鳖肽组小鼠肝细胞形态结构损伤,随地鳖肽剂量增加肝细胞损伤程度明显减弱,小鼠肝脾指数明显低于模型组;与模型组比较,地鳖肽组小鼠血清中AST、ALT活力显著降低、肝中MDA含量明显降低、抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT、GSH-Px)活力显著提高,炎症因子(IL-6、TNF-α、i NOS)蛋白与基因表达水平均显著降低,促凋亡因子(Bax、Caspase-3)和纤维化因子(α-SMA、TGF-β)基因水平表达也明显降低。结论地鳖肽可有效改善CCl4致小鼠慢性肝损伤,其保护效应可能与地鳖肽抗氧化作用密切相关。     

蟛蜞菊内酯对四氯化碳致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的:研究中药活性物质蟛蜞菊内酯的保肝作用及其机制。方法:采用小鼠腹腔注射CCl4制作肝损伤模型,测定小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、丙二醛(MDA),谷胱甘肽(GSH)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)指标,进行肝脏的组织病理学检查,观察蟛蜞菊内酯对CCl4所致肝损伤的保护作用。结果:蟛蜞菊内酯能明显降低肝损伤小鼠的血清ALT、AST和肝组织匀浆中MDA含量,SOD活力增强,明显减轻肝组织变性。结论蟛蜞菊内酯对CCl4引起的肝损伤有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与其抗氧化作用有关。     

熊果酸对糖尿病小鼠肝损伤的作用及其可能机制

目的：研究熊果酸对高脂饲料联合链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的糖尿病小鼠肝损伤的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法：随机选取20只小鼠高脂饲料喂养6周后,STZ （30 mg/kg）腹腔注射连续5 d,9 d后测空腹血糖,大于11.1 mmol/L视为糖尿病模型,将其随机分为模型组和熊果酸组（100 mg/kg）（n=10）;另取10只小鼠设为对照组。连续给药8周。小鼠称重,测定空腹血糖（FBG）,血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）含量,谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性,丙二醛（MDA）含量,HE染色观察肝组织病理变化。结果：模型组与对照组比较,FBG、血清TC、TG含量,ALT、AST活性、MDA含量明显升高（P<0.05,P<0.01）;SOD活性明显降低（P<0.01）;HE染色显示部分肝细胞水肿,轻度脂肪变性,门管区可见淋巴细胞浸润。熊果酸组与模型组比较,FBG,血清TC、TG含量,ALT、AST活性、MDA含量明显降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）;SOD活性明显升高（P<0.01）;HE染色显示熊果酸组肝细胞排列较为整齐,水肿不明显,淋巴细胞少量存在。结论：熊果酸对高脂饲料联合STZ诱导的糖尿病小鼠肝损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与降血糖、调节血脂、降低肝组织氧化应激水平,提高肝脏抗氧化能力有关。     

睡莲花总黄酮对四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝损伤的防治作用

探讨睡莲花总黄酮(NCTF)对四氯化碳(CCl4)致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用及其机制。60只昆明种小鼠随机分为6组:正常组、模型组、联苯双酯组(150 mg/kg)和NCTF低、中、高剂量组(50、100、200 mg/kg),灌胃给药,连续7 d。末次给药1 h后,除正常组腹腔注射大豆油0.2 m L/10 g外,其余各组均腹腔注射0.12%的CCl4大豆油溶液0.2 m L/kg。禁食8 h后,摘眼球取血,分离血清,检测谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转胺酶(AST)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ);解剖取肝脏、脾脏,计算肝、脾指数,制备肝匀浆,检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)和一氧化氮(NO),留取肝左叶行病理组织学检查。与模型组比较,NCTF(100、200 mg/kg)能显著降低小鼠血清ALT、AST、TNF-α和IL-6水平以及小鼠的肝、脾指数(P0.05);并可明显提高小鼠肝组织匀浆SOD、GSH-Px的活性(P0.05),显著降低MDA和NO水平(P0.05)。病理组织学检查结果显示不同剂量NCTF均可减轻小鼠的肝组织损伤程度。结果说明NCTF对CCl4诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤具有明显的保护作用,其作用机制可能与抗氧化和抑制炎症因子的释放有关。     

水飞蓟素对四氯化碳致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨水飞蓟素对四氯化碳致(CCl4)小鼠肝损伤是否有保护作用。方法:60只ICR小鼠随机分为6组(n=10),正常组、模型组、联苯双酯阳性对照组,低、中、高剂量水飞蓟素组(100、200、400 mg/kg)。各组连续给药10 d,末次给药1 h后,正常组腹腔注射橄榄油,其余各组腹腔注射0.12%的CCl4橄榄油溶液,16 h后测定血清中丙氨基转移酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST),肝浆中丙二醛(MDA),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)的水平。结果:水飞蓟素各剂量组能显著的抑制肝损伤血清中ALT和AST的升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),亦能抑制肝组织中MDA的升高(P<0.01),增加肝组织中SOD的活性和GSH-Px的水平(P<0.05)。结论:水飞蓟素具有明显的四氯化碳致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用。     

黄根醇提物对小鼠实验性肝损伤保护作用的研究

以黄根醇提物为实验药物,对其进行了最大耐受量试验(MTD)和小鼠实验性急性肝损伤的研究,结果表明黄根醇提物最大耐受量为2080g生药/kg,并能显著降低CCL4、D-GalN所致的小鼠血清中ALT、AST升高(P<0.01);亦能明显降低BCG和LPS致免疫性肝损伤小鼠血清中ALT、AST及肝组织中的MDA的水平(P<0.01),增加肝组织中SOD的活性和GSH的水平(P<0.01)。该实验属首次报道。     

注射用丹酚酸A防治肝纤维化的实验研究

目的：探讨注射用丹酚酸A抗肝纤维化的作用,为丹酚酸A的临床应用提供理论依据。方法采用CCl4体外诱导肝细胞损伤,观察丹酚酸A对肝细胞活性及其细胞培养上清液ALT、AST、LDH水平和细胞裂解液中SOD活性和MDA含量的变化;另采用皮下注射CCl4诱导大鼠肝纤维化模型,观察丹酚酸A对肝纤维化大鼠血清LN、HA、SOD和MDA含量的影响以及肝脏组织病理改变情况。结果与模型对照组比,丹酚酸A高、低剂量组和Vit E组的细胞存活率显著提高（P ＜0.01）,丹酚酸A高剂量组ALT、AST和LDH活性显著降低（P ＜0.01）,丹酚酸A高剂量组和Vit E组SOD活性明显升高（P ＜0.05）,MDA含量显著降低（P ＜0.05）;体内试验发现,与模型对照组比,丹酚酸A高剂量组纤维化大鼠的血清LN和HA水平显著降低（P ＜0.05）,高、低剂量组SOD活性显著升高（P ＜0.05, P ＜0.01）,MDA含量显著降低（P ＜0.01, P ＜0.05）,并能改善肝脏病理形态。结论注射用丹酚酸A可通过抗脂质过氧化作用,起到保护肝细胞,减轻肝纤维化的作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.