杜氏盐藻GAPDH cDNA的克隆鉴定及其启动子功能表达载体的构建

根据藻类甘油醛3-磷酸脱氢酶(Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,GAPDH)氨基酸高度保守序列设计简并引物,采用5',3'-RACE和巢式PCR的方法,得到了杜氏盐藻(Dunaliella salina)GAPDH cDNA全长序列.序列同源性比较和进化树等生物信息学分析结果表明,根据获得的盐藻GAPDH的核酸序列推导的氨基酸序列与其他已知物种的GAPDH有较高的同源性.定向克隆于原核表达载体的盐藻GAPDH cDNA在大肠杆菌中以融合蛋白的形式得到了高效表达,并成功构建了由盐藻GAPDH基因启动子驱动的cat(氯霉素乙酰转移酶)基因表达载体pUCGCat,为进一步研究杜氏盐藻GAPDH基因和启动子功能奠定了试验基础.     

人自噬相关蛋白ATG7的原核表达及纯化鉴定

目的:原核表达并纯化自噬相关蛋白ATG7,初步鉴定其生物学活性。方法:利用PCR技术从人乳腺文库中扩增出人ATG7基因的编码序列,插入载体p ET-28a(+)得到重组质粒,经Bam HⅠ和NotⅠ双酶切鉴定后转化大肠杆菌Rossate菌株进行小量诱导,纯化融合蛋白His-ATG7,通过Western印迹和SDS-PAGE检测融合蛋白的纯化效果。结果:用PCR技术从人乳腺文库中扩增得到约2031 bp的目的片段,插入载体p ET-28a(+)后构建出His-ATG7重组质粒,并经酶切鉴定及测序证实无误;转化大肠杆菌Rossate并进行小量诱导,纯化后SDS-PAGE检测显示获得相对分子质量约为78×103的融合蛋白。结论:纯化得到原核系统表达的His-ATG7融合蛋白,为后续研究ATG7在自噬中的作用机制奠定了实验基础。     

以蔗糖为底物利用重组大肠杆菌合成甘露醇

【目的】异型发酵乳酸菌可利用胞内产生的甘露醇脱氢酶将果糖高效转化为甘露醇,但果糖作为底物相对昂贵,不利于工业化生产。为了降低生产成本,必须选择廉价的底物。蔗糖相对便宜,并且大量存在于自然界中,能够被重组大肠杆菌利用产生甘露醇。蔗糖水解酶(Sucrose hydrolase)和甘露醇脱氢酶(Mannitol dehydrogenase)是发酵生产甘露醇中催化蔗糖转化成甘露醇的关键酶,构建蔗糖水解酶和甘露醇脱氢酶共表达菌株并进行相关研究是本文的主旨。【方法】利用PCR方法分别从植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)和布氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus buchneri)基因组DNA中获得sac A和mdh基因,得到大小分别为1 502 bp和1 032 bp的目的基因,经序列分析后将其连接到表达载体p ET-28a(+)上,得到重组表达载体p ET28a-sac A-mdh。将重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,并用SDS-PAGE分析目的蛋白的表达情况并测定其酶活。【结果】SDS-PAGE显示表达蛋白的大小亚基分子量分别为55.1 k D和37.8 k D,与预期分子量一致,实现sac A和mdh基因的表达。蔗糖水解酶和甘露醇脱氢酶酶活分别为25.78 U/m L和14.56 U/m L。对重组菌株BL21(DE3)/p ET28a-sac A-mdh进行发酵条件优化,甘露醇质量浓度达到45.19 g/L,总糖转化率为37.66%。【结论】与乳酸菌利用蔗糖发酵生产甘露醇相比,产量提高了6倍,且具有发酵周期短、稳定性高等优点,菌株的成功构建为甘露醇工业化生产奠定了基础。     

三角褐指藻八氢番茄红素脱氢酶1-2基因启动子克隆和表达分析

八氢番茄红素脱氢酶(phytoene desaturase, PDS)是类胡萝卜素合成的关键酶，在光合生物的类胡萝卜素代谢调控中发挥了重要的作用。本研究根据三角褐指藻基因组数据库，克隆三角褐指藻PDS1和PDS2基因启动子序列，采用启动子缺失技术研究启动子活性，利用Plant CARE预测三角褐指藻PDS1和PDS2启动子顺式作用元件，采用qRT-PCR技术检测三角褐指藻PDS1和PDS2基因在不同胁迫下的相对表达量。结果表明，三角褐指藻PDS1和PDS2基因启动子全长分别为2 000 bp和920 bp,不同长度的5′端缺失后启动子均能驱动绿色荧光蛋白表达，具有较强启动子活性。Plant CARE分析结果表明，三角褐指藻PDS1和PDS2基因启动子中均含有与光照和植物激素响应有关的顺式作用元件。光照和植物激素胁迫处理结果表明，三角褐指藻PDS1基因受光合诱导因子(photosynthetic induction factor, PIF)的诱导表达，但在其他因子处理下表达均显著下降(P<0.05)或无显著性差异。三角褐指藻PDS2基因在PIF、红光、茉莉酸甲酯、乙酰水杨酸和脱落酸...     

人自噬相关蛋白ATG5的原核表达及纯化

目的:原核表达纯化带His标签的自噬相关蛋白ATG5。方法:利用PCR技术从人乳腺文库中扩增出人ATG5基因的编码序列,插入载体p ET-28a(+)中得到重组质粒,经Bam HⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切鉴定后转化大肠杆菌Ros-sate进行小量诱导,挑选出可以诱导His-ATG5蛋白的菌液进行融合蛋白的纯化,通过Western印迹和SDS-PAGE检测融合蛋白的纯化效果。结果:用PCR技术从人乳腺文库中扩增得到约828 bp的目的片段,插入载体p ET-28a(+)构建出His-ATG5重组质粒并经酶切及测序验证;转化大肠杆菌Rossate后进行小量诱导表达并纯化蛋白,SDS-PAGE检测显示获得相对分子质量约为38×103的融合蛋白。结论:原核表达并纯化获得His-ATG5融合蛋白,为后续研究ATG5在自噬中的作用机制奠定了实验基础。     

柞蚕Kazal型丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂ApKTSPI基因克隆及表达特征分析

【目的】克隆柞蚕(Antheraea pernyi)Kazal型丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(ApKTSPI)基因的cDNA序列并进行序列分析,研究ApKTSPI基因的组织表达分布及病原物免疫刺激后的表达模式,原核表达ApKTSPI。【方法】利用RACE-PCR方法扩增柞蚕ApKTSPI基因全长cDNA,生物信息学软件进行序列分析,利用实时定量PCR检测柞蚕ApKTSPI基因的组织分布及免疫刺激后的表达模式,利用pET-28a载体在大肠杆菌BL21中融合表达ApKTSPI。【结果】柞蚕ApKTSPI基因的cDNA全长568 bp,开放阅读框编码96个氨基酸,含一个Kazal结构域。ApKTSPI基因在柞蚕5龄幼虫脂肪体中特异性高表达,在核型多角体病毒、大肠杆菌和白僵菌免疫刺激后表达量都能上调,但上调的程度和时间都不同。ApKTSPI在大肠杆菌中成功诱导表达。【结论】获得了柞蚕ApKTSPI基因的cDNA全长,并研究了ApKTSPI基因的表达模式,为进一步研究其在柞蚕免疫中的功能及作用机理奠定了基础。     

改造大肠杆菌卟啉代谢途径对重组过氧化物酶活性的影响

【目的】原核表达某些需辅因子的外源蛋白时往往酶活偏低,为提高酶活和减少外加辅因子的成本,我们尝试在大肠杆菌中表达外源过氧化氢-过氧化物酶的同时提高大肠杆菌中与该酶辅因子相关的合成代谢。【方法】本研究克隆了中度嗜盐菌Halomonas elongata DSM2581的过氧化氢-过氧化物酶CAT-POD(catalase-peroxidase)编码基因kat G的ORF,构建原核表达载体p ET28a-kat G,实现了CAT-POD在大肠杆菌中的重组表达。由于CAT-POD活性依赖其活性中心血红素,而血卟啉是血红素的骨架,通过构建原核表达载体p UC19-tac-hem A,将编码5-氨基乙酰丙酸合成酶的hem A基因在大肠杆菌中过量表达,提高卟啉的含量,从而提高重组蛋白CAT-POD的酶活。【结果】最终的CAT酶活达到了377 U/m L,为对照组的7.5倍。【结论】本研究为工业生产高活性CAT-POD提供了有效的方案,也为体外重组表达含辅因子的蛋白提供可借鉴的思路。     

家蝇Thymosin(THY)基因的克隆及原核表达

采用EST测序技术从构建的家蝇(Musca domestica)幼虫c DNA质粒文库中筛选到胸腺肽(Thymosin,THY)基因,以该基因的c DNA文库质粒为模板,设计引物,通过PCR扩增,测序鉴定,获得THY基因完整编码序列。运用生物信息学方法对该基因及其编码蛋白的基本理化性质、信号肽和亚细胞定位等方面进行预测和分析。构建p ET-28a(+)-THY重组质粒,转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行诱导表达。研究结果表明,THY基因ORF全长384 bp,编码127个氨基酸,理论分子量14.3 k D,等电点为5.22,具有THY家族的蛋白保守结构域。构建重组原核质粒p ET-28a(+)-THY,经IPTG诱导,蛋白在大肠杆菌中获得表达,经亲和层析柱纯化获得目的蛋白,Western blot检测发现纯化的目的蛋白大小正确。     

芥蓝八氢番茄红素脱氢酶基因BaPDS1的克隆及原核表达

本研究以‘明丰香菇’芥蓝叶片总RNA为模板,采用同源克隆法设计并合成特异性引物,采用反转录PCR技术克隆得到芥蓝类胡萝卜素生物合成关键结构基因-八氢番茄红素脱氢酶基因Ba PDS1。序列分析表明,该基因c DNA序列长1 692 bp,编码563个氨基酸,推测蛋白等电点为5.96,理论分子量为63.15 k D;序列比对发现芥蓝Ba PDS1基因编码的氨基酸序列与甘蓝、花椰菜、油菜等植物的PDS具有很高的同源性;系统进化树分析表明,芥蓝PDS1与甘蓝PDS1蛋白的亲缘关系最为接近。之后构建p EASY-Blunt E1-Ba PDS1原核表达载体,转入Transetta(DE3)感受态细胞中,诱导后获得特异表达蛋白条带,且大部分以包涵体形式存在。本研究为揭示芥蓝Ba PDS1基因功能提供了一定的理论依据。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.