公选课“微生物与人类”的教学实践

根据开设公选课"微生物与人类"的教学实践,介绍了利用公选课传授微生物知识的方式和特点.在教学过程中,首先根据非生物专业学生的特点精选教学内容,然后采取分专题讲授、参观、实验等多种教学方法增强学生的学习兴趣和教学效果,达到提高非生物专业学生科学素质的目的.     

提高微生物学课程教学效果的体验

为了提高微生物学课程教学效果,经过多年的教学改革,结合多年来的教学体验,提出要合理组织教学内容、突出重点、剖析难点、层次分明、点线结合、以点带面,以利于学生全面系统地掌握知识,并且要科学利用现代教育手段提高教学质量,利用科学实验提高学生的科学思维能力,充分发挥学生的主观能动性、提高学生的综合素质。     

提高微生物学课程教学效果的体验

为了提高微生物学课程教学效果,经过多年的教学改革,结合多年来的教学体验,提出要合理组织教学内容、突出重点、剖析难点、层次分明、点线结合、以点带面,以利于学生全面系统地掌握知识,并且要科学利用现代教育手段提高教学质量,利用科学实验提高学生的科学思维能力,充分发挥学生的主观能动性、提高学生的综合素质。     

食品生物化学教学方法改革初探

食品生物化学是华南理工大学食品科学与工程专业本科生开设的一门专业基础课。本文结合专业特点以及教学实际情况,采用各种不同的教学方法:突出重点、问题式教学以及课后问题、期中小论文等,提高了食品生物化学这门课的教学质量,取得了很好的教学效果。通过改革,激发了学生的学习主动性,提高了学生的科学思维能力,促进了综合素质人才的培养。     

生物学教学中的STS活动设计一例

我校是江苏省首批四星级学校,地处经济发达的长江三角洲,绝大多数学生来自城市家庭,很多学生从未到过农村,对作物栽培、良种培育等知识都是从课本上学到的,生产实践常识一无所知,理论与实践严重脱离。基于学生的实际,笔者在教学中,重视利用社会中生物科学教育资源,对学生进行生物科学教育,培养学生科学态度和科学精神,提高学生动手能力和社会实践能力,收到了良好的教学效果。     

多维实践教学法在《农业昆虫学》教学中的探索与应用

根据农业昆虫学课程特点,构建了包括理论知识教学、实验教学和教学实习3个教学环节的多维实践教学体系,比较了传统教学法、案例教学法、分组讨论法等不同教学法的教学效果。研究结果表明:多维实践教学法能充分调动学生的学习积极性、主动性和创造性,提高了教学效果,适合在教学实践中应用与推广。     

在推进微生物学课程全英文教学中提升课堂教学效果的探索

目前在全球化形势下,推进全英文教学对于国际合作与交流至关重要。但是如何让全英文教学不流于形式,使其能与提高教学质量充分结合、相辅相成,从而使全英文教学真正起到传授知识、搭建科学体系、提升学生兴趣、引领科学思维及知识应用的目的,值得探究。在近几年来的教学过程中,我们采用循序渐进的方式,从专业基础课"微生物学"的双语教学,推进至专业选修课"微生物遗传学"的全英文教学。在教学内容上,由浅入深,由面至点,将基础知识与实验技术贯通讲解;在教学方法和手段上,充分运用课上测验、课后作业与课上分析讨论等多种形式,达到了全英文授课与提升学生注意力、灵活运用知识能力相结合的目的。经过几年的不断探索与实践,全英文授课调动了学生积极参与和主动学习的热情,使学生在充分掌握课堂内容的基础上,锻炼了使用英文进行学习、探索、解决问题和交流的能力。学生学习兴趣和热情的激发也检验了全英文的教学效果。     

动物生物化学实验教学的探索与实践

为培养高素质的人才,教学理念必须发生转变,教学的目的不仅是传授知识,重要的是对学生进行科学思维能力的训练和创新能力的培养。为此,我们课程组在动物生物化学实验教学中,从培养学生的主观能动性出发,对实验教学方法、实验教学内容优化等方面进行了一些探索性改革,以提高动物生物化学实验的教学效果。     

微生物学实验教学考核评价体系的建立及实施

本文阐述了微生物学实验“三多”教学考核评价体系的建立、在教学实践中的实施过程和教学效果。“三多”评价体系主要是指教学考核方面多、角度多、层次多。该评价体系的实施, 促使学生变被动学习为主动学习; 建立了微生物学实践技术操作理念和思维; 激发了学生探究科学、积极创新的热情; “三多”评价体系得到学生肯定, 取得了比较理想的教学效果。     

“观赏渔业”课程教学的实践与探索

《观赏渔业》是新兴"水族科学与技术"本科专业学生的专业核心课程,也是水产养殖学专业课程体系中的重要组成。结合作者多年在《观赏渔业》课程教学中的实践和探索,以培养学生对观赏水族的兴趣为本,通过对教学方法的创新、实践教学的注重,极大地激发了学生对该课程的兴趣,充分调动了学生学习和实践的积极性与主动性,增强该课程实践功能促进了教学效果的提高。同时,这对培养水族专业人才,满足中国现代水族产业发展对高素质人才的需要亦具有重要的作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.