共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Fan Xu Jiuyou Tang Shaopei Gao Xi Cheng Lin Du Chengcai Chu 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2019,100(5):1036-1051
Pre‐harvest sprouting (PHS) is one of the major problems in cereal production worldwide, which causes significant losses of both yield and quality; however, the molecular mechanism underlying PHS remains largely unknown. Here, we identified a dominant PHS mutant phs9‐D. The corresponding gene PHS9 encodes a higher plant unique CC‐type glutaredoxin and is specifically expressed in the embryo at the late embryogenesis stage, implying that PHS9 plays some roles in the late stage of seed development. Yeast two‐hybrid screening showed that PHS9 could interact with OsGAP, which is an interaction partner of the abscicic acid (ABA) receptor OsRCAR1. PHS9‐ or OsGAP overexpression plants showed reduced ABA sensitivity in seed germination, whereas PHS9 or OsGAP knock‐out mutant plants showed increased ABA sensitivity in seed germination, suggesting that PHS9 and OsGAP acted as negative regulators in ABA signaling during seed germination. Interestingly, the germination of PHS9 and OsGAP overexpression or knock‐out plant seeds was weakly promoted by H2O2, implying that PHS9 and OsGAP could affect reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling during seed germination. These results indicate that PHS9 plays an important role in the regulation of rice PHS through the integration of ROS signaling and ABA signaling. 相似文献
2.
K. Shu Y. J. Meng H. W. Shuai W. G. Liu J. B. Du J. Liu W. Y. Yang 《Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)》2015,17(6):1104-1112
Whether seeds germinate or maintain dormancy is decided upon through very intricate physiological processes. Correct timing of these processes is most important for the plants life cycle. If moist conditions are encountered, a low dormancy level causes pre‐harvest sprouting in various crop species, such as wheat, corn and rice, this decreases crop yield and negatively impacts downstream industrial processing. In contrast, a deep level of seed dormancy prevents normal germination even under favourable conditions, resulting in a low emergence rate during agricultural production. Therefore, an optimal seed dormancy level is valuable for modern mechanised agricultural systems. Over the past several years, numerous studies have demonstrated that diverse endogenous and environmental factors regulate the balance between dormancy and germination, such as light, temperature, water status and bacteria in soil, and phytohormones such as ABA (abscisic acid) and GA (gibberellic acid). In this updated review, we highlight recent advances regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of seed dormancy and germination processes, including the external environmental and internal hormonal cues, and primarily focusing on the staple crop species. Furthermore, future challenges and research directions for developing a full understanding of crop seed dormancy and germination are also discussed. 相似文献
3.
B. J. MULHOLLAND J. CRAIGON C. R. BLACK J. J. COLLS J. ATHERTON G. LANDON 《Global Change Biology》1998,4(6):627-635
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Minaret was grown in open-top chambers (OTCs) in 1995 and 1996 under three carbon dioxide (CO2) and two ozone (O3) levels. Plants were harvested regularly between anthesis and maturity to examine the rate of grain growth (dG/dt; mg d–1) and the rate of increase in harvest index (dHI/dt;% d–1). The duration of grain filling was not affected by elevated CO2 or O3, but was 12 days shorter in 1995, when the daily mean temperature was over 3 °C higher than in 1996. Season-long exposure to elevated CO2 (680 μmol mol–1) significantly increased the rate of grain growth in both years and mean grain weight at maturity (MGW) was up to 11% higher than in the chambered ambient air control (chAA; 383 μmol mol–1). However, the increase in final yield obtained under elevated CO2 relative to the chAA control in 1996 resulted primarily from a 27% increase in grain number per unit ground area. dG/dt was significantly reduced by elevated O3 under ambient CO2 conditions in 1995, but final grain yield was not affected because of a concurrent increase in grain number. Neither dG/dt nor dHI/dt were affected by the higher mean O3 concentrations applied in 1996 (77 vs. 66 nmol mol–1); the differing effects of O3 on grain growth in 1995 and 1996 observed in both the ambient and elevated CO2 treatments may reflect the contrasting temperature environments experienced. Grain yield was nevetheless reduced under elevated O3 in 1996, primarily because of a substantial decrease in grain number. The data obtained show that, although exposure to elevated CO2 and O3 individually or in combination may affect both dG/dt and dHI/dt, the presence of elevated CO2 does not protect against substantial O3-induced yield losses resulting from its direct deleterious impact on reproductive processes. The implications of these results for food production under future climatic conditions are considered. 相似文献
4.
EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3), a light zeitnehmer (time-taker) gene, regulates circadian rhythm and photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis, rice, and barley. The three orthologs of ELF3 (TaELF3-1AL, TaELF3-1BL, andTaELF3-1DL) have been identified in wheat too, and one gene, TaELF3-1DL, has been associated with headingdate. However, the basic characteristics of these three genes and the roles of the other two genes, TaELF3-1BLand, TaELF3-1AL, remain unknown. Therefore, the present study obtained the coding sequences of the threeorthologs (TaELF3-1AL, TaELF3-1BL, and TaELF3-1DL) of ELF3 from bread wheat and characterized themand investigated the role of TaELF3-1BL in Arabidopsis. Protein sequence comparison revealed similarities amongthe three TaELF3 genes of wheat; however, they were different from the Arabidopsis ELF3. Real-time quantitativePCR revealed TaELF3 expression in all wheat tissues tested, with the highest expression in young spikes; the threegenes showed rhythmic expression patterns also. Furthermore, the overexpression of the TaELF3-1BL gene inArabidopsis delayed flowering, indicating their importance in flowering. Subsequent overexpression ofTaELF3-1BL in the Arabidopsis ELF3 nonfunctional mutant (elf3 mutant) eliminated its early flowering phenotype, and slightly delayed flowering. The wild-type Arabidopsis overexpressing TaELF3-1BL demonstratedreduced expression levels of flowering-related genes, such as CONSTANS (AtCO), FLOWERING LOCUS T (AtFT),and GIGANTEA (AtGI). Thus, the study characterized the three TaELF3 genes and associated TaELF3-1BL withflowering in Arabidopsis, suggesting a role in regulating flowering in wheat too. These findings provide a basis forfurther research on TaELF3 functions in wheat. 相似文献
5.
Yi-Yue Zhang Qi Xie 《植物学报(英文版)》2007,49(1):87-93
Ubiquitination is emerging as a tight regulatory mechanism that is necessary for all aspects of development and survival of all eukaryotes. Recent genomic and genetic analysis in Arabidopsis suggests that ubiquitination may also play important roles in plant response to the phytohormone abscisic acid （ABA）. Many components of the ubiquitination pathway, such as ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2, ubiquitin ligase E3 and components of the proteasome, have been identified or predicted to be essential in ABA biosynthesis, catabolism and signaling. In addition, the ubiquitination-related pathway, sumoylation, is also involved in ABA signaling. We summarize in this report recent developments to elucidate their roles in the ABA-related pathway. 相似文献
6.
应用酶联免疫技术,研究了冬小麦品种燕大１８１７ 在不同光周期条件下,体内内源玉米赤霉烯酮（ＺＥＮ） 和ＡＢＡ 含量的变化。结果表明,冬小麦品种燕大１８１７ 具有短日春化性,苗期经４ 周ＳＤ 处理后转到ＬＤ 下能正常抽穗。ＳＤ 诱导春化的幼苗茎尖和叶片中ＺＥＮ 含量高于未经诱导的ＬＤ 幼苗,而在两种光周期条件下生长的幼苗中ＡＢＡ 含量变化趋势并无明显差异。马拉硫磷（ ＭＡＬ） 抑制ＳＤ 幼苗体内ＺＥＮ 含量高峰的出现,也部分抑制抽穗;外源ＺＥＮ 可部分抵消ＭＡＬ对植株的影响,降低茎尖内源ＡＢＡ 含量,并有促进小麦拔节的作用。说明在冬小麦短日春化过程中,ＺＥＮ 具有促进作用,而ＡＢＡ 没有直接影响。 相似文献
7.
小麦矮秆基因Rht3的RAPD和RFLP标记分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用PCR和RFLP技术分析了小麦赤霉酸反应不敏感的矮秆基因Rht3的近等基因系及其分离群体,RAPD分析从310条随机引物中,筛选出3个引物可以在高矮亲本中稳定地扩增出多态带,连锁分析表明仅S10601900和S10602000扩增片段与Rht3;连锁,遗传距离分别为7．1cM和9．2cM.RFLP分析选用了主要位于第4部分同源群短臂上的53个探针,其中Xper584,XksuF8和Xcdo38 3个探针在高矮亲本中揭示出多态性,;连锁分析表明仅Xper584与Rht3基因连锁,遗传距离为8．0cM。 相似文献
8.
Christelle Dutilleul Iliana Ribeiro Nathalie Blanc Cynthia D. Nezames Xing Wang Deng Piotr Zglobicki Ana María Palacio Barrera Lucia Atehortùa Martine Courtois Valérie Labas Nathalie Giglioli‐Guivarc'h Eric Ducos 《Plant, cell & environment》2016,39(1):185-198
The tagging‐via‐substrate approach designed for the capture of mammal prenylated proteins was adapted to Arabidopsis cell culture. In this way, proteins are in vivo tagged with an azide‐modified farnesyl moiety and captured thanks to biotin alkyne Click‐iT® chemistry with further streptavidin‐affinity chromatography. Mass spectrometry analyses identified four small GTPases and ASG2 (ALTERED SEED GERMINATION 2), a protein previously associated to the seed germination gene network. ASG2 is a conserved protein in plants and displays a unique feature that associates WD40 domains and tetratricopeptide repeats. Additionally, we show that ASG2 has a C‐terminal CaaX‐box that is farnesylated in vitro. Protoplast transfections using CaaX prenyltransferase mutants show that farnesylation provokes ASG2 nucleus exclusion. Moreover, ASG2 interacts with DDB1 (DAMAGE DNA BINDING protein 1), and the subcellular localization of this complex depends on ASG2 farnesylation status. Finally, germination and root elongation experiments reveal that asg2 and the farnesyltransferase mutant era1 (ENHANCED RESPONSE TO ABSCISIC ACID (ABA) 1) behave in similar manners when exposed to ABA or salt stress. To our knowledge, ASG2 is the first farnesylated DWD (DDB1 binding WD40) protein related to ABA response in Arabidopsis that may be linked to era1 phenotypes. 相似文献
9.
Sabine Raab Gabriele Drechsel Maryam Zarepour Wolfram Hartung Tomokazu Koshiba Florian Bittner Stefan Hoth 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2009,59(1):39-51
During leaf senescence, resources are recycled by redistribution to younger leaves and reproductive organs. Candidate pathways for the regulation of onset and progression of leaf senescence include ubiquitin‐dependent turnover of key proteins. Here, we identified a novel plant U‐box E3 ubiquitin ligase that prevents premature senescence in Arabidopsis plants, and named it SENESCENCE‐ASSOCIATED E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE 1 (SAUL1). Using in vitro ubiquitination assays, we show that SAUL1 has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. We isolated two alleles of saul1 mutants that show premature senescence under low light conditions. The visible yellowing of leaves is accompanied by reduced chlorophyll content, decreased photochemical efficiency of photosystem II and increased expression of senescence genes. In addition, saul1 mutants exhibit enhanced abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis. We show that application of ABA to Arabidopsis is sufficient to trigger leaf senescence, and that this response is abolished in the ABA‐insensitive mutants abi1‐1 and abi2‐1, but enhanced in the ABA‐hypersensitive mutant era1‐3. We found that increased ABA levels coincide with enhanced activity of Arabidopsis aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3) and accumulation of AAO3 protein in saul1 mutants. Using label transfer experiments, we showed that interactions between SAUL1 and AAO3 occur. This suggests that SAUL1 participates in targeting AAO3 for ubiquitin‐dependent degradation via the 26S proteasome to prevent premature senescence. 相似文献
10.
E3 ubiquitin ligases select specific proteins for ubiquitin conjugation, and the modified proteins are commonly degraded through the 26S proteasome. XBAT32 is a RING-type E3 ligase involved in maintaining appropriate levels of ethylene. Previous work has suggested that XBAT32 modulates ethylene production by ubiquitinating two ethylene biosynthesis enzymes, ACS4 (type-II isoform) and ACS7 (type-III isoform). In Arabidopsis, conserved sequences within the C-terminal tail of type-I and -II 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase (ACS) isoforms influence ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. ACS7, the sole Arabidopsis type-III ACS, contains a truncated C-terminal tail that lacks all known regulatory sequences, which suggests that this isoform may not be subject to ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. Here we demonstrate in planta that ACS7 is turned over in a 26S proteasome-dependent manner and that degradation of ACS7 requires the E3 ligase XBAT32. Furthermore, the ethylene-related phenotypes that result from overexpression of ACS7 in wild-type plants are greatly exaggerated in xbat32-1, suggesting that XBAT32 is required to attenuate the effect of overexpression of ACS7. This observation is consistent with a role for XBAT32 in the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of ACS7. The dark-grown phenotype of xbat32-1 seedlings overexpressing ACS7 can be effectively rescued by aminoethoxyvinylglycine, an inhibitor of ACS activity. The degradation rate of ACS4 is also significantly slower in the absence of XBAT32, further implicating XBAT32 in the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of ACS4. Altogether, these results demonstrate that XBAT32 targets ethylene biosynthetic enzymes for proteasomal degradation to maintain appropriate levels of hormone production. 相似文献
11.
12.
泛素化修饰调控脱落酸介导的信号途径 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
泛素化修饰是一种重要的蛋白质翻译后修饰,通过调节蛋白的活性和稳定性等影响其功能的发挥,在真核生物的生命过程中具有非常重要的作用。泛素化修饰通过精细地调控植物激素脱落酸(abscisic acid, ABA)的合成和信号转导过程的关键因子,影响植物对ABA的响应,参与植物生长发育过程及对干旱、盐和冷胁迫等不良环境的应答。本文概述了植物中泛素化修饰的相关组分(包括泛素连接酶E3、泛素结合酶E2、26S蛋白酶体)和内膜运输相关蛋白,以及这些蛋白调控ABA合成和信号转导过程的最新研究进展,提出该研究领域需要解决的新问题,以期为相关领域的科研人员进一步了解翻译后修饰如何调控激素信号的转导途径提供参考。 相似文献
13.
Laura Lorenzo‐Orts Miguel Gonzalez‐Guzman Enric Sayas Jesús Muñoz‐Bertomeu Carla Ibañez Ramón Serrano Pedro L. Rodriguez 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2014,80(6):1057-1071
Membrane‐delimited events play a crucial role for ABA signaling and PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors, clade A PP2Cs and SnRK2/CPK kinases modulate the activity of different plasma membrane components involved in ABA action. Therefore, the turnover of PYR/PYL/RCARs in the proximity of plasma membrane might be a step that affects receptor function and downstream signaling. In this study we describe a single‐subunit RING‐type E3 ubiquitin ligase RSL1 that interacts with the PYL4 and PYR1 ABA receptors at the plasma membrane. Overexpression of RSL1 reduces ABA sensitivity and rsl1 RNAi lines that impair expression of several members of the RSL1/RFA gene family show enhanced sensitivity to ABA. RSL1 bears a C‐terminal transmembrane domain that targets the E3 ligase to plasma membrane. Accordingly, bimolecular fluorescent complementation (BiFC) studies showed the RSL1–PYL4 and RSL1–PYR1 interaction is localized to plasma membrane. RSL1 promoted PYL4 and PYR1 degradation in vivo and mediated in vitro ubiquitylation of the receptors. Taken together, these results suggest ubiquitylation of ABA receptors at plasma membrane is a process that might affect their function via effect on their half‐life, protein interactions or trafficking. 相似文献
14.
Shohei Katsuta Goro Masuda Hyeokjin Bak Akihisa Shinozawa Yoshiaki Kamiyama Taishi Umezawa Daisuke Takezawa Izumi Yotsui Teruaki Taji Yoichi Sakata 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2020,103(2):634-644
Given their sessile nature, land plants must use various mechanisms to manage dehydration under water‐deficit conditions. Osmostress‐induced activation of the SNF1‐related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) family elicits physiological responses such as stomatal closure to protect plants during drought conditions. With the plant hormone ABA receptors [PYR (pyrabactin resistance)/PYL (pyrabactin resistance‐like)/RCAR (regulatory component of ABA receptors) proteins] and group A protein phosphatases, subclass III SnRK2 also constitutes a core signaling module for ABA, and osmostress triggers ABA accumulation. How SnRK2 is activated through ABA has been clarified, although its activation through osmostress remains unclear. Here, we show that Arabidopsis ABA and abiotic stress‐responsive Raf‐like kinases (AtARKs) of the B3 clade of the mitogen‐activated kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) family are crucial in SnRK2‐mediated osmostress responses. Disruption of AtARKs in Arabidopsis results in increased water loss from detached leaves because of impaired stomatal closure in response to osmostress. Our findings obtained in vitro and in planta have shown that AtARKs interact physically with SRK2E, a core factor for stomatal closure in response to drought. Furthermore, we show that AtARK phosphorylates S171 and S175 in the activation loop of SRK2E in vitro and that Atark mutants have defects in osmostress‐induced subclass III SnRK2 activity. Our findings identify a specific type of B3‐MAPKKKs as upstream kinases of subclass III SnRK2 in Arabidopsis. Taken together with earlier reports that ARK is an upstream kinase of SnRK2 in moss, an existing member of a basal land plant lineage, we propose that ARK/SnRK2 module is evolutionarily conserved across 400 million years of land plant evolution for conferring protection against drought. 相似文献
15.
再生植株具有高频率的染色体异常,其中有20.61％表现为染色体数量变异,最常见的为2n—1类型,其次为2n—2类型,也有2n 1、2n—3个体以及染色体数嵌合株。再生植株减数分裂各期均有染色体异常行为,可以见到的有落后染色体、染色体桥、断片、二分体延迟、微核,还有粗线期十字型配对等结构变异,以及五分体、六分体和畸型四分体等异常现象。微核率随培养时间延长而增加,可用作染色体伤害的一个指标。再生植株R_1代存在着许多形态学变异。性状变异与染色体数目变异没有明显关系。 相似文献
16.
17.
Rongcheng Lin Haiyang Wang 《植物学报(英文版)》2007,49(1):35-42
Arsbidopsis COP1 （Constitutive Photomorphogenic 1） defines a key repressor of photomorphogenesis in darkness by acting as an E3 ubiquitin Iigase in the nucleus, and is responsible for the targeted degradation of a number of photomorphogenesis-promoting factors, including phyA, HY5, LAF1, and HFR1. Light activation of multiple classes of photoreceptors （including both phytochromes and cryptochromes） inactivates COP1 and reduces its nuclear abundance, allowing the accumulation of these positively acting light signaling intermediates to promote photomorphogenic development. Recent studies suggest that Arabidopsis COP1 teams up with a family of SPA proteins （SPA1-SPA4） to form the physiologically active COP1-SPA E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes. These COP1-SPA complexes play overlapping and distinct functions in regulating seedling photomorphogenesis under different light conditions and adult plant growth. Further, the COP1-SPA complexes act In concert at a biochemical level with the CDD （COP10, DET1, and DDB1） complex and COP9 signalosome （CSN） to orchestrate the repression of photomorphogenesis. 相似文献
18.
19.
20.