准分子激光眼科治疗机中激光器控制实现

准分子激光眼科治疗机可以用来进行近视、远视、散光等屈光不正的矫正手术。其中激光器的控制为手术提供能量稳定的激光脉冲,是对手术安全性、可靠性的重要保证。本文简述了一准分子激光眼科治疗机的整体组成部分,并详细描述了激光器的控制部分:计算机与激光器的通信控制、激光发射停止控制、充换气流程控制。目前,这种准分子激光治疗机已经应用于临床,并取得了良好的效果。     

长春新产业光电技术有限公司

长春新产业光电技术有限公司是1996年依托中科院长春光机所设立的高科技企业,主要从事半导体泵浦全固态激光器的科研、开发与生产。主要产品有绿光,蓝光,红光,黄光,红外,紫外,单频,调Q激光器等。与传统激光器相比,全固态激光器的优势是体积小、效率高、寿命长、可靠性好、光束质量好、波长短、运输和使用方便、无污染。目前在民用、工业、军事和生物医疗领域有广泛应用。其中低噪声激光器在生物学领域有广泛应用,如血细胞流计,眼底治疗,拉曼光谱,激光对不同生物机体的作用特性研究等。     

长春新产业光电技术有限公司

长春新产业光电技术有限公司是1996年依托中科院长春光机所设立的高科技企业,主要从事半导体泵浦全固态激光器的科研、开发与生产。主要产品有绿光,蓝光,红光,黄光,红外,紫外,单频,调Q激光器等。与传统激光器相比,全固态激光器的优势是体积小、效率高、寿命长、可靠性好、光束质量好、波长短、运输和使用方便、无污染。目前在民用、工业、军事和生物医疗领域有广泛应用。其中低噪声激光器在生物学领域有     

长春新产业光电技术有限公司

长春新产业光电技术有限公司是1996年依托中科院长春光机所设立的高科技企业,主要从事半导体泵浦全固态激光器的科研、开发与生产。主要产品有绿光,蓝光,红光,黄光,红外,紫外,单频,调Q激光器等。与传统激光器相比,全固态激光器的优势是体积小、效率高、寿命长、可靠性好、光束质量好、波长短、运输和     

多功能小型卤化铜激光器

具有二十多年发展历史的铜类汽激光器,以它的高输出功率、高重复频率、高光电转换效率及运转在可见光波段等独特优点,在许多区域中找到了用武之地。然而由于１６００℃的运转温度,必须使用高温陶瓷材料及较长的起动时间,为其广泛应用带来不少困难。近年来,我们研制的...     

多功能小型卤化铜激光器（Ⅱ）

具有二十多年发展历史的铜蒸汽激光器,以它的高输出功率、高重复频率、高光电转换效率及运转在可见光波段等独特优点,在许多区域中找到了用武之地。然而由于１６００℃的运转温度,必须使用高温陶瓷材料及较长的起动时间,为其广泛应用带来不少困难。近年来,我们研制的...     

金属血管支架的制备及影响因素

简要概述了血管支架的制备过程.从激光器和加工材料的选择,支架结构的设计,激光切割工艺参数的优化,辅助路径的设置以及血管支架的后序处理等方面探讨了这些因素对血管支架加工质量的影响情况.     

德国发明诊断早期皮肤癌激光器

德国一研究所的科学家最近研制出一种可以准确诊断早期皮肤癌的激光器。这种激光器使用的是“毫微微秒激光”,可用超短脉冲的形式发射出红外线。红外线刺激皮肤上的黑色素,使其发出一种微弱的有色荧光。通过这种荧光,医生就可判断患者皮肤癌发展到程度。     

皮秒激光微束仪的研制

本文分析了激光微束仪的设计要点,通光孔径的选取,聚焦系统与观察系统的齐焦,微小光斑获得等。激光微束仪的光源是具有多次谐波功能的皮秒Nd~(+3)YAG激光器,工作频率(10PPS),输出能量为50毫焦耳,平均脉宽为30PS的基波序列脉冲,可选波长为1.06μm、0.53μm、0.355μm、0.266μm,谐波晶体用偏硼酸钡(β-BaB_2O_4),简称BBO。     

不同微生物的单光束激光陷阱操纵

本文报导了分别采用Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ和Ａｒ＾＋激光器与光不显微镜构成的单光束激光陷阱操纵酵母菌、青霉等不同微生物的实验观察结果,讨论了操纵条件。研究表明：用单光束高会聚激光产生的梯度力操纵微生物体,其有效作用力的大小不仅与激光功率、波长、束腰半径和光束会聚角有关,还与微生物的大小、吸收系数、菌龄及培养方法等因素有关。     

Structural biology at the European X-ray free-electron laser facility

The European X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facility, under construction in the Hamburg region, will provide high-peak brilliance (greater than 10³³ photons s⁻¹ mm⁻² mrad⁻² per 0.1% BW), ultrashort pulses (approx. 10 fs) of X-rays, with a high repetition rate (up to 27 000 pulses s⁻¹) from 2016 onwards. The main features of this exceptional X-ray source, and the instrumentation developments necessary to exploit them fully, for application to a variety of scientific disciplines, are briefly summarized. In the case of structural biology, that has a central role in the scientific case of this new facility, the instruments and ancillary laboratories that are being planned and built within the baseline programme of the European XFEL and by consortia of users are also discussed. It is expected that the unique features of the source and the advanced features of the instrumentation will allow operation modes with more efficient use of sample materials, faster acquisition times, and conditions better approaching feasibility of single molecule imaging.     

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

When a laser is mode-locked, it emits a train of ultra-short pulses at a repetition rate determined by the laser cavity length. This article outlines a new and inexpensive procedure to force mode locking in a pre-adjusted nonlinear polarization rotation fiber laser. This procedure is based on the detection of a sudden change in the output polarization state when mode locking occurs. This change is used to command the alignment of the intra-cavity polarization controller in order to find mode-locking conditions. More specifically, the value of the first Stokes parameter varies when the angle of the polarization controller is swept and, moreover, it undergoes an abrupt variation when the laser enters the mode-locked state. Monitoring this abrupt variation provides a practical easy-to-detect signal that can be used to command the alignment of the polarization controller and drive the laser towards mode locking. This monitoring is achieved by feeding a small portion of the signal to a polarization analyzer measuring the first Stokes parameter. A sudden change in the read out of this parameter from the analyzer will occur when the laser enters the mode-locked state. At this moment, the required angle of the polarization controller is kept fixed. The alignment is completed. This procedure provides an alternate way to existing automating procedures that use equipment such as an optical spectrum analyzer, an RF spectrum analyzer, a photodiode connected to an electronic pulse-counter or a nonlinear detecting scheme based on two-photon absorption or second harmonic generation. It is suitable for lasers mode locked by nonlinear polarization rotation. It is relatively easy to implement, it requires inexpensive means, especially at a wavelength of 1550 nm, and it lowers the production and operation costs incurred in comparison to the above-mentioned techniques.     

Transient inhibition of L929 cell mitosis and locomotion by argon ion laser irradiation

Summary Argon ion laser irradiation of L929 cells transiently inhibits both entry into and passage through mitosis without affecting clonogenic survival. Anaphase mitotic figures virtually disappear from irradiated cell monolayers although prophase + metaphase mitotic figures can still be identified. The total number of mitotic figures does not change significantly and time-lapse video recording shows that cells do not enter mitosis following irradiation. This effect is dependent on light dose within the 900–2700 J/cm² range and persists for 10–48 h depending on the initial light exposure. Inhibition of cell locomotion and subsequent recovery were observed to occur over a similar time course. The possible contribution of these phenomena must be considered whenever biological systems are exposed to argon ion laser irradiation.     

Surgical applications of femtosecond lasers

Femtosecond laser ablation permits non‐invasive surgeries in the bulk of a sample with submicrometer resolution. We briefly review the history of optical surgery techniques and the experimental background of femtosecond laser ablation. Next, we present several clinical applications, including dental surgery and eye surgery. We then summarize research applications, encompassing cell and tissue studies, research on C. elegans, and studies in zebrafish. We conclude by discussing future trends of femtosecond laser systems and some possible application directions. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Two-dimensional imaging detectors for structural biology with X-ray lasers

Our ability to harness the advances in microelectronics over the past decade(s) for X-ray detection has resulted in significant improvements in the state of the art. Biology with X-ray free-electron lasers present daunting detector challenges: all of the photons arrive at the same time, and individual high peak power pulses must be read out shot-by-shot. Direct X-ray detection in silicon pixel detectors—monolithic or hybrid—are the standard for XFELs today. For structural biology, improvements are needed for today''s 10–100 Hz XFELs, and further improvements are required for tomorrow''s 10+ kHz XFELs. This article will discuss detector challenges, why they arise and ways to overcome them, along with the current state of the art.     

Diffraction before destruction

X-ray free-electron lasers have opened up the possibility of structure determination of protein crystals at room temperature, free of radiation damage. The femtosecond-duration pulses of these sources enable diffraction signals to be collected from samples at doses of 1000 MGy or higher. The sample is vaporized by the intense pulse, but not before the scattering that gives rise to the diffraction pattern takes place. Consequently, only a single flash diffraction pattern can be recorded from a crystal, giving rise to the method of serial crystallography where tens of thousands of patterns are collected from individual crystals that flow across the beam and the patterns are indexed and aggregated into a set of structure factors. The high-dose tolerance and the many-crystal averaging approach allow data to be collected from much smaller crystals than have been examined at synchrotron radiation facilities, even from radiation-sensitive samples. Here, we review the interaction of intense femtosecond X-ray pulses with materials and discuss the implications for structure determination. We identify various dose regimes and conclude that the strongest achievable signals for a given sample are attained at the highest possible dose rates, from highest possible pulse intensities.     

Structural damage of Bacillus subtilis biofilms using pulsed laser interaction with gold thin films

There is a huge interest in developing strategies to effectively eliminate biofilms due to their negative impact in both industrial and clinical settings. In this study, structural damage was induced on two day‐old B. subtilis biofilms using the interaction of 532 nm pulsed laser with gold thin films. Radiant exposure of 225 mJ/cm² induced distinct changes on the surface structure and overall morphology of the matured biofilms after laser irradiation. Moreover, at the radiant exposure used, changes in the colour and viscosity of the biofilm were observed which may indicate a compromised extracellular matrix. Irradiated biofilms in the presence of gold film also showed strong propidium iodide signal which implies an increase in the number of dead bacterial cells after laser treatment. Thus, this laser‐based technique is a promising approach in targeting and eradicating matured biofilms attached on surfaces such as medical implants.

     

Optical investigation of three‐dimensional human skin equivalents: A pilot study

Human skin equivalents (HSEs) are three‐dimensional living models of human skin that are prepared in vitro by seeding cells onto an appropriate scaffold. They recreate the structure and biological behaviour of real skin, allowing the investigation of processes such as keratinocyte differentiation and interactions between the dermal and epidermal layers. However, for wider applications, their optical and mechanical properties should also replicate those of real skin. We therefore conducted a pilot study to investigate the optical properties of HSEs. We compared Monte Carlo simulations of (a) real human skin and (b) two‐layer optical models of HSEs with (c) experimental measurements of transmittance through HSE samples. The skin layers were described using a hybrid collection of optical attenuation coefficients. A linear relationship was observed between the simulations and experiments. For samples thinner than 0.5 mm, an exponential increase in detected power was observed due to fewer instances of absorption and scattering.      

Aspects of direct phasing in femtosecond nanocrystallography

X-ray free-electron laser diffraction patterns from protein nanocrystals provide information on the diffracted amplitudes between the Bragg reflections, offering the possibility of direct phase retrieval without the use of ancillary experimental data. Proposals for implementing direct phase retrieval are reviewed. These approaches are limited by the signal-to-noise levels in the data and the presence of different and incomplete unit cells in the nanocrystals. The effects of low signal to noise can be ameliorated by appropriate selection of the intensity data samples that are used. The effects of incomplete unit cells may be small in some cases, and a unique solution is likely if there are four or fewer molecular orientations in the unit cell.