水稻品种对褐稻虱的抗性

本文运用苗期抗性筛选法,测定了9个水稻品种对褐稻虱的抗性及其与秧龄的关系,表明秧龄对高抗品种的抗性表现影响不显著,而部分中抗品种的抗性则随秧龄增长而加大。抗性机制研究证明:高抗品种7105具有很强的不嗜性和抗生性;而包选2号和辐包矮21等中抗品种则以耐虫性为主,兼有不同程度的抗生性。     

柑桔抗寒性与其膜脂脂肪酸组分的关系研究

作者采用气相色谱法对5年生宜昌橙、本地早、国庆一号、锦橙、沙田柚枳砧嫁接树,在抗寒锻炼过程中叶片的膜脂脂肪酸含量的变化进行了研究。结果表明:在日均温为24℃左右时,柑桔叶片开始积累不饱和脂肪酸,冬季叶片不饱和脂肪酸含量最高,比夏季要高60%以上,春季解除抗寒锻炼时,叶片膜不饱和脂肪酸含量下降,饱和脂肪酸含量上升。膜不饱和脂肪酸的积累与气温呈负相关关系。冬季叶片、茎韧皮部和叶绿体等组织器官的膜脂脂肪酸不饱和度、亚麻酸与亚油酸的比值,以及种子中亚油酸与棕榈酸含量之比,均与柑桔品种的抗寒性成正相关。     

不同物质对双歧杆菌胆盐耐受性的影响研究

初步研究不同物质对双歧杆菌的胆盐耐受性的影响。结果表明,脱氧胆酸钠盐对双歧杆菌Blm和Bbm有毒性作用;在培养基中补充一定量的葡萄糖和果糖可以改善Bbm的胆盐耐受性,而菊糖和菊芋粉对提高Blm和Bbm的胆盐耐受性没有明显作用。     

抗利福平结核分枝杆菌的多药耐药性调查

The correlation between rifampin resistance and multiple drug resistance in 236 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was investigated in this thesis. It has found that 99.4% of the strains with rifampin resistance were multidrug-resistant strains and 89% of the multidrug-resistant strains were resistant to rifampin. This result showed that the rifampin resistance of Tuberculosis baccilli could be used as the marker of multidrug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.     

EPISTATIC INTERACTIONS CAN LOWER THE COST OF RESISTANCE TO MULTIPLE CONSUMERS

It is widely assumed that resistance to consumers (e.g., predators or pathogens) comes at a “cost,” that is, when the consumer is absent the resistant organisms are less fit than their susceptible counterparts. It is unclear what factors determine this cost. We demonstrate that epistasis between genes that confer resistance to two different consumers can alter the cost of resistance. We used as a model system the bacterium Escherichia coli and two different viruses (bacteriophages), T4 and Λ, that prey upon E. coli. Epistasis tended to reduce the costs of multiple resistance in this system. However, the extent of cost savings and its statistical significance depended on the environment in which fitness was measured, whether the null hypothesis for gene interaction was additive or multiplicative, and subtle differences among mutations that conferred the same resistance phenotype.     

四种植物种子萌发及苗期抗旱性差异的研究

对四种豆科植物种子萌发及苗期抗旱性作了比较研究,结果表示：种子萌发期抗旱笥强的植物其苗期抗旱性亦强。干旱引起组织脱水,植株生长受到抑制,幼苗出现衩始萎蔫时间与细胞膜受害时间一致。四种植物显示萎蔫时土壤含水量明显不同,红豆草为４．８０％、羊柴２．２％、花棒１．７４％、柠条１．５１％．据种子相对发芽率、膜透性变化等生理指标综合评定四种植物种子萌发及苗期抗旱能力次序为：柠条＞花棒＞羊柴＞红豆草。     

梯度分析技术用于植物抗旱性的研究

将梯度分析技术引入植物抗旱性的研究,对植物的解剖结构指标进行分析。在ＰＣＡ分析结果的基础,通过引进ＰＣ间的因子ａｊ,梯度分析技术用于植物抗旱性的研究比用于植物群落的研究,其结果更具有观性,明确性,是研究植物抗旱性的一个可行、有效的技术手段。     

抗寒剂和高油菜素内酯对高原水稻抗冷性的影响

抗寒剂ＣＲ－４,高油菜素内酯ＢＲ－１２０分别浸种和喷洒在水稻二叶期叶面上,经低温暗胁迫２ｄ,根干重,根长和茎叶干重,叶片的超氧物歧化酶,过氧化物酶活性和还原性谷胱甘肽含量毕高于对照,抗性强的丽粳低温胁迫时清除活性氧的效果较好。回温恢复１￣５ｄ,抗性不同的两个品种的ＳＯＤ和ＰＯＸ活性、抗坏血酸含量继续增加,丙二醛含量都有下降。但抗性弱的秀子糯回温恢复时,清除活性氧的效果较好,ＰＯＸ活性和ＧＳＨ含量增     

硫酸盐还原菌耐药性研究

硫酸盐还原菌（简称SRB）对杀菌剂十二烷基二甲基等基氯化铵（简称“1227”）的耐药性是由药物诱导产生,这种由适应所产生的耐药性获得快而且是可逆的,随着时间的推迟抗药性减弱,6个月后抗药性逐渐消失。研究还表明SRB对甲硝叹没有明显的交叉耐药性。     

逆转肿瘤多药耐药策略进展

多药耐药MDR是肿瘤治疗的一大障碍 ,本文简述了MDR的可能机制与逆转克服策略及开发临床可应用的低毒有效逆转剂的新方向     

迷走神经与乙酰胆碱对缩窄的犬冠状动脉节段阻力的影响

在麻醉开胸犬,用电起搏维持心率恒定,研究了电刺激颈迷走神经(VNS)及冠状动脉内注入乙酰胆碱(ACh)对缩窄的冠状动脉的节段阻力及血流量的影响。在左旋支主干造成不同程度的冠状动脉缩窄。分别测定左旋支血流量(CBF_(cx))、主动脉压和主旋支远端冠状动脉压,记录心电图。实验发现,在冠状动脉临界狭窄和重度狭窄时,VNS 或冠脉给ACh 引起心外膜大冠状动脉阻力及冠状动脉主旋支总阻力增大,CBF_(cx)减少;随着缩窄程度加重,这些改变也愈明显,然而,心肌内小冠状动脉阻力却无显著改变。     

家蝇抗性和敏感品系中的乙酰胆碱酯酶动力学研究(英文)

本文对家蝇抗性和敏感品系中的乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AChE)的催化特性进行了研究。抗性品系中AChE水解ATCh和BTCh的Vmax分别为 4578.50和 1 71 6.0 8;而敏感品系的Vmax则为 1 884.75和864.72nmol/min/mgprotein ;Vmax的比率 (R/S)对ATCh是 2 .2 6倍 ;对BTCh则是 1 .74倍。AChE的Km 值在敏感品系中分别是 0 .0 69和 0 .0 34;而在抗性品系中则分别是 0 .1 56和 0 .0 59mmol/L ;Km 的比率 (R/S)对ATCh是 2 .43倍 ;对BTCh则是 1 .98倍。此外 ,我们还用eserine作为滴定剂测定了AChE的转换数kcat和酶特异性常数kcat/Km,抗性品系中的AChEkcat值均比敏感品系的要高 ;而kcat/Km 值与此相反。本文着重分析了抗性品系与敏感品系间AChE的催化特性以及对残杀威、灭多威、对氧磷的敏感度差异 ,研究结果表明抗性品系中的AChE性质有可能发生变化。同时还观察到某些杀虫剂能增强抗性品系AChE的活力 ,我们认为这种“增强反应”可能与家蝇对有机磷或氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂的抗性发展有关     

STUDIES ON THE KINETICS OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE IN THE RESISIANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE STRAINS OF HOUSEFLY (MUSCA DOMESTICA)

Abstract Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the susceptible (S) and the resistant (R) strains of housefly (Musca domestica) was investigated using kinetic analysis. The V_max values of AChE for hydrolyzing acetylthiocholine (ATCh) and butyrylthiocholine (BTCh) were 4578.50 and 1716.08nmol/min/mg* protein in the R strain, and were 1884.75 and 864.72 nmol/min/mg. protein in the Sstrain, respectively. The V_max ratios of R to S enzyme were 2.43 for ATCh and 1.98 for BTCh. The K_m values of AChE for ATCh and BTCh were 0.069 and 0.034 mmol/L in the S strain, and 0.156, 0.059 mmol/L in the R strain, respectively. The K_m ratios of R to S enzyme were 2.26 for ATCh and 1.74 for BTCh. The k_i ratios of S to R enzyme for three insecticides propoxur, methomyl and paraoxon were 46.04, 4.17 and 2. 86, respectively. In addition, k_cat and k_cat/K_m for measuring turnover and catalytic efficiency of AChE were determined using eserine as titrant. The k_cat values of AChE from the R strain for both ATCh and BTCh were higher than those values from the S strain. But the values of k_cat/K_m were in contrary to the k_cat values with R enzyme compared to S enzyme. The AChE catalytic properties and sensitivity to the inhibition by three insecticides in the R and S strains of housefly were discussed based on contribution of V_max, K_m, k_i, k_cat and k_cat/K_m. All these data implied that AChE from the R strain might be qualitatively altered. We also observed an intriguing phenomenon that inhibitors could enhance the activity of AChE from the resistant strain. This “flight reaction” of the powerful enzyme might be correlated with the developing resistance of housefly to organophosphate or carbamate insecticides.     

THE ROLES OF DETOXIFYING ENZYMES AND AChE INSENSITIVITY IN METHAMIDOPHOS RESISTANCE DEVELOPMENT AND DECLINE IN NILAPARVATA LUGENS

Methamidophos resistance of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål, BPH) was selected in laboratory. After successive selection for 9 generations, the selection was ceased by rearing BPH without contact with any insecticide for 9 generations. In the full course, the successive changes of esterase activity, MFO activity, GSTs activity and AChE insensitivity were analyzed. The results showed that the change of esterase activity was high correlated with that of methamidophos in the full course, which indicated that esterase played very important role both in the resistance development and in the resistance decline. However, the change of AChE insensitivity only significantly correlated with that of resistance in the development stage, and the change of MFO activity or GSTs activity only significantly correlated with that of the resistance in the decline stage, which indicated the changes of AChE insensitivity, MFO activity or GSTs activity only played some roles in different stages of the resistance change.     

家蚕血液过氧化氢酶活力及其与蚕体抗逆性的关系

家蚕召Bombyx mori(L.)血液过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力随发育时期呈现有规律的动态变化。在幼虫期,CAT活力以龄初、龄末较高,而龄中较低;化蛹后,CAT活力迅速上升,至中期达到峰值,随后迅速下降直至羽化。不同性别间CAT活力均以雄性较高;不同蚕品种间CAT活力有很大差异;饲料对CAT活力有一定影响,人工饲料育蚕CAT活力略大于桑叶育的;高温冲击和氟化物添食都能引起CAT活力的显著变化,但变化的幅度因品种、性别、时期和添食剂量而有所不同。研究认为,家蚕血液CAT活力与其发育变态、体内代谢均具有密切关系,逆境条件下CAT活力变化幅度的大小可以作为家蚕抗逆性强弱的一个重要生理指标。     

杀虫双和杀螟丹选育对小菜蛾抗药性的形成及其抗性机制

用杀虫双和杀螟丹在实验室以点滴法处理小菜蛾Plutella xylostella L.四龄幼虫,以连续继代药剂淘汰选育其抗药性。至35代,药剂汰选的小菜蛾对杀虫双和杀螟丹的抗药性较选育前正常品系分别提高了51倍和25倍。其抗药性的形成发展均呈S形,可认为已成为抗性品系。以有机磷、氨基甲酸酯、拟除虫菊酯及有机氮等11种杀虫剂测试抗杀虫双小菜蛾品系和抗杀螟丹小菜蛾品系对常用药剂的敏感度结果表明：对杀虫双、杀螟丹和杀虫环之间有较严重的正交互抗性;对敌敌艮、马拉硫磷和杀螟松有轻微交互抗性产生;对溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯和灭多威、久效威等药剂更加敏感,呈负交互抗性。用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)法测定表明,抗药性产生与特异性酯酶的形成有一定关系。用比色法和酸度法测定,抗性品系的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)活性降低,羧酸酯酶(CarE)活性无差异。加增效剂Pb和SV₁：于四龄幼虫表皮,对抗杀虫双小菜蛾晶系分别有6.28及1.45倍的增效作用;对抗杀螟丹小菜蛾品系分别有4.85及1.39倍的增效作用,可见多功能氧化酶(MFO)为小菜蛾抗杀虫双和抗杀螟丹的重要因子。     

电场处理油葵种子后对其萌发期抗旱性的影响

用不同电场条件处理油葵种子,以PEG(聚乙二醇)模拟水分胁迫,通过高渗溶液萌发法、种子吸水率和膜脂过氧化检测法测定电场处理对油葵种子萌发期抗旱性的影响。结果表明,不同处理条件对油葵种子在萌发期对水分胁迫的适应性影响不同。通过电场处理能够提高油葵种子吸水速率及在水分胁迫条件下的发芽势、发芽率;降低水分胁迫对种子细胞膜的伤害,提高种子萌发期体内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物醇的活性,减少了膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛的积累。所有这些变化都有利于缓解水分胁迫对油葵种子的伤害,提高其对水分胁迫的适应性。     

解毒酶和乙酰胆碱脂酶不敏感性在褐飞虱对甲胺磷抗性上升和下降过程中的作用(英文)

室内抗药性筛选导致褐飞虱对甲胺磷抗性的上升 ;连续筛选 9代后 ,停止抗性筛选 ,在连续 9个世代观察抗性的下降。在抗药性上升和下降的全过程中 ,对酶酶活性、多功能氧化酶活性、谷胱甘肽 S 转移酶活性和乙酰胆碱酯酶不敏感性的变化进行了研究。结果显示 ,在抗药性变化的过程中 ,酯酶活性的变化与甲胺磷对褐飞虱致死中量 (LD50 )的变化显著相关 ,表明酯酶在抗药性上升和抗药性下降过程中都起到十分重要的作用。乙酰胆碱酯酶不敏感性的变化只在抗药性上升阶段与致死中量 (LD50 )的变化显著相关 ,而多功能氧化酶活性和谷胱甘肽 S 转移酶活性的变化只在抗药性下降阶段与致死中量 (LD50 )的变化显著相关 ,表明它们在抗药性上升阶段和下降阶段的作用存在一定的差异     

大肠埃希菌在肿瘤患者肠外的分布及耐药谱分析

目的：了解大肠埃希菌在肿瘤患者肠外的分布和感染情况及耐药性。方法：参照全国临床检验操作规程,采用K-B法对云南省肿瘤医院58例肿瘤患者继发大肠埃希菌感染进行分析及对9种抗生素的耐药谱测定。结果：各类肿瘤患者中,以宫颈癌及继发大肠埃希菌感染多见,其中,宫颈癌为28.30%。肺癌为26.87%。从标本来源来看,以尿液标本最多,为63.79%,其次为痰液12.07%及分泌物12.07%。结论：大肠埃希菌在肿瘤患者肠外分布广泛,所致感染较严重,经耐药谱测定发现大肠埃希菌多重耐药类型多,提示对肿瘤患者治疗应重视局部微生态平衡及控制感染。