黑莓品种‘Chester’离体培养过程中适宜激素种类和浓度以及光照度的筛选

以黑莓(Rubus spp. )品种'Chester'带腋芽茎段为外植体,对初代培养基、不定芽增殖培养基和生根培养基中适宜的激素种类及浓度进行了筛选,并对增殖培养过程中适宜的光照度进行了研究.结果显示,在初代培养基中添加不同质量浓度的6-BA和NAA对侧芽的萌发和生长有明显的影响,其中,NAA不利于芽的萌发和生长,而添加适量的6-BA可促进芽的萌发和生长;适宜于'Chester'茎段的初代培养基为添加了1.00 mg·L-16-BA的MS培养基(含25 g·L-1蔗糖和5.9 g·L-1琼脂,pH 5.8).单因素实验结果显示,在 'Chester'不定芽的增殖过程中,细胞分裂素主要影响不定芽增殖,而生长素主要影响不定芽生长,以质量浓度低于1.0 mg·L-1的6-BA以及质量浓度低于0.3 mg·L-1的NAA较为适宜;经过进一步的组合筛选,确定适宜于'Chester'不定芽增殖的培养基为添加了0.5 mg·L-16-BA和0.1 mg·L-1NAA的MS培养基(含25 g·L-1蔗糖和5.9 g·L-1琼脂,pH 5.8).在生根培养基中添加高浓度NAA易诱导不定芽基部产生愈伤组织,不利于不定芽生根,因而,'Chester'不定芽适宜的生根培养基为添加了0.10 mg·L-1NAA的1/2MS培养基(含20 g·L-1蔗糖和5.9 g·L-1琼脂,pH 5.8).在不定芽的增殖培养过程中,光照度较强有利于不定芽生长,适宜的增殖培养条件为:光照度3 000 lx、光照时间15 h·d-1、温度(25±2) ℃、相对湿度约70%,此条件下不定芽的增殖系数(1.95)和平均芽长(1.44 cm)最高,芽生长状况良好.     

NaCl胁迫对姜黄组培苗生理特性的影响

以姜黄组培苗为试验材料,在继代培养基中分别添加0、25、50、75、100、125、150mmol·L-1NaCl进行盐胁迫处理,研究NaCl胁迫下姜黄幼苗生长和生理特性的变化。结果表明:NaCl胁迫下,姜黄组培苗的脯氨酸和丙二醛含量逐渐上升,而叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性逐渐下降。25 mmol·L-1NaCl时姜黄幼苗的基径、株高和鲜重与对照差异不显著,50 mmol·L-1NaCl时则显著下降;表明姜黄组培苗的生长可以耐受25~50 mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫。随着NaCl浓度增加,姜黄幼苗的可溶性糖和蛋白质含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性先升高后降低,75 mmol·L-1NaCl时均达到最大值。50~100 mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫下姜黄叶片的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性和姜黄素含量得到显著提高,表明50~100 mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫对姜黄素的合成有促进作用。可见,25~50 mmol·L-1NaCl能够促进姜黄植株的生长,而75 mmol·L-1NaCl显著提高次生代谢产物姜黄素的含量。     

钾离子对长柄扁桃不定芽诱导的影响

研究了钾离子对长柄扁桃不定芽诱导的影响,结果表明,在MS基本培养基中添加800～1200mg·L-1钾离子有利于长柄扁桃不定芽的形成和生长,不定芽的诱导率和数量分别比对照提高了17％和84％,不定芽的平均高度提高了64％;高浓度钾离子（〉1600mg·L。）可导致长柄扁桃不定芽严重褐化。生理指标测定结果表明,适当浓度的钾离子提高了抗氧化酶（SODPOD）的活性和不定芽的组织细胞活力;高剂量的钾离子（〉1600mg·L-1）显著增加了不定芽中MDA的含量。     

香石竹叶片离体再生体系的建立

以香石竹(Dianthus caryophyllus Linn.)无菌苗叶片为外植体,从不同细胞分裂素及其他激素配合使用等方面进行筛选,建立香石竹叶片离体再生体系.结果表明,不同的细胞分裂素影响叶片不定芽分化频率,其中较低浓度的6-BA(0.5 mg·L-1)和TDZ(0.001 mg·L-1)配合使用能有效诱导香石竹叶片不定芽分化;添加一定浓度的PP333(4 mg·L-1)可提高叶片不定芽分化频率和平均芽数.香石竹叶片不定芽分化的适宜培养基为:MS 0.002mg·L-1TDZ 0.5 mg·L-16-BA 0.2 mg·L-1IAA 4 mg·L-1PP333;壮苗培养基为:MS 0.2 mg·L-1 6-BA 0.2 mg·L-1IAA;生根培养基为:1/2 MS.不定芽诱导频率达到42.61%,平均芽数为4.53个.     

降低黄芩再生苗玻璃化率及其生根的研究

为了降低黄芩组培苗的玻璃化率并提高其生根率,本研究以黄芩无菌苗茎段诱导的不定芽为实验材料,分别研究了6-苄基嘌呤(6-BA)、蔗糖、琼脂及多效唑(PP333)等组培条件对黄芩不定芽玻璃化的影响以及吲哚丁酸(IBA)对再生苗生根的影响。研究结果表明:低浓度的6-BA有利于降低不定芽的玻璃化率,当培养基中添加0.2 mg·L~(-1)6-BA时,不定芽的玻璃化率最低且增殖系数比对照增加1倍。随着培养基中蔗糖浓度的升高,不定芽的玻璃化率显著降低,其增殖系数也有所降低。培养基中蔗糖浓度为25 g·L~(-1)时,黄芩不定芽长势最好且玻璃化率为零,增殖系数也最高。培养基中添加7.5 g·L~(-1)的琼脂,不定芽的玻璃化率较低,增殖系数也较高。培养基中添加多效唑(PP333)有利于缓解黄芩再生不定芽玻璃化状态,随着PP333的浓度增加,玻璃化率也逐渐降低。0.2 mg·L~(-1)PP333对黄芩不定芽的壮苗起到了很好的作用,再生苗明显变得粗壮。0.1 mg·L~(-1)的IBA最有利于黄芩再生苗的生根,生根率为100%,平均生根数为7,移栽成活率达95%以上。     

红花文殊兰的组织培养和植株再生

1植物名称红花文殊兰(Crinum amabile Donn.). 2材料类别鳞茎. 3培养条件不定芽诱导培养基:(1)1/2MS 6-BA 5mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.5 Ad 5;不定芽增殖培养基:(2)I/3MS 6-BA3 NAA0.5;壮苗培养基:(3)1/3MS 0.5 g·L-1活性炭;生根培养基:(4)1/3MS IBA 0.5 NAA 0.2 1 g·L-1活性炭.上述培养基均加入3%白糖和0.5%琼脂,pH 5.8,培养温度为(26±2)℃,光照12 h·d-1,光照强度25 μmol·m-2·s-1左右.     

大蕉(Musa paradisiaca Linn.)的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称大蕉(Musa paradisiaca Linn.). 2材料类别吸芽. 3培养条件不定芽启动、丛生芽增殖培养基:(1)MS 6-BA 8.0 mg·L-1(单位下同) IBA 0.5;(2)MS 6-BA 6.0 IBA 0.5;(3)MS 6-BA 4.0 IBA 0.2;(4)MS 6-BA 2.0 IBA 0.1.生根培养基:(5)MS IBA 1.0 NAA 0.2;(6)MS IBA 2.0 NAA 0.5;(7)1/2MS IBA 2.0 NAA 0.5.以上培养基均含30 g·L-1蔗糖和琼脂6.7 g·L-1,pH 5.5～5.8.培养温度(29±1)℃,光强30～40 μmol·m-2·s-1,光照时间12 h·d-1.     

不同浓度NaCl对离体培养的滨梅茎段增殖生长和几种生理指标的影响

在离体培养条件下,经0．1％NaCl处理的滨梅茎段的不定芽增殖数、茎高、鲜重、干重,可溶性蛋白含量和硝酸还原酶活性均有提高,0．1％-0．3％NaCl处理的脯氨酸和丙二醛（MDA）含量无明显变化,在盐梯度0-0.5％NaCl浓度范围内叶绿素含量变化不明显。     

鹅掌柴的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称鹅掌柴(Schefflera octophylla). 2材料类别带腋芽的茎段. 3培养条件 (1)诱导丛生芽培养基:MS 6-BA0.5mg·L-1(单位下同) KT 2.0;(2)不定芽增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 1.5 NAA 0.5;(3)生根培养基:1/2MS NAA 0.2 0.3%活性炭.以上培养基各加琼脂7 g·L-1、蔗糖30 g·L-1,pH 5.6～5.8.光照度2 000～2 500 lx,培养温度25℃,光照12h·d-1.     

毛白杨悬浮细胞系的建立及再生植株的获得

以毛白杨基因型TC152无菌苗为材料,研究毛白杨悬浮细胞系建立与植株再生,结果表明,通过悬浮培养和固体培养两种方法诱导毛白杨悬浮细胞分化不定芽,最终获得无菌生根苗。愈伤组织在MS＋1.5mg·L-12,4-D＋30g·L-1蔗糖的液体培养基中振荡培养,12d可建立悬浮细胞系;悬浮细胞系继代培养基为MS＋0.8mg·L-12,4-D＋30g·L-1蔗糖,继代周期为7d,悬浮细胞在MS＋1.0mg·L-16-BA＋0.1mg·L-1NAA＋0.5～1.0mg·L-1ZT＋30g·L-1蔗糖培养基中悬浮培养,可分化大量不定芽,每个培养瓶中可得到40～50个芽,个别不定芽玻璃化;不定芽在1/2MS＋0.6mg·L-1IBA＋20g·L-1蔗糖＋5.5g·L-1琼脂培养基上可分化不定根。悬浮细胞通过固体平板培养增殖为愈伤组织块后,在MS＋1.0mg·L-16-BA＋0.1mg·L-1NAA＋1.0mg·L-1ZT＋30g·L-1蔗糖＋5g·L-1琼脂的固体培养基上,不定芽分化率可达到70.00%。     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission

The molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is essential for accurately identifying organisms and assessing zoonotic transmission. Results of recent molecular epidemiological studies strongly suggest that zoonotic transmission plays an important role in cryptosporidiosis epidemiology. In such cases the most prevalent zoonotic species is Cryptosporidium parvum. Genotyping and subtyping data suggest that zoonotic transmission is not as prevalent in the epidemiology of giardiasis. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is a relatively recent application that is evolving as new genes are found that increase the accuracy of identification while discovering a greater diversity of species and yet unnamed taxa within these two important genera. As molecular data accumulate, our understanding of the role of zoonotic transmission in epidemiology and clinical manifestations is becoming clearer.     

Synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phosphatidylserine of myelin and microsomal fractions of adult and developing rat brain.

The synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phospholipids was followed in microsomal and myelin fractions of developing and adult rat brains after an intracerebral injection of [U-14C]serine. The kinetics of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal and myelin cerebrosides indicate the possibility of a precursor-product relationship between cerebrosides of these membranes. The specific radioactivity of myelin cerebrosides was corrected for the deposition of newly formed cerebrosides in myelin. Multiphasic curves were obtained for the decline in specific radioactivity of myelin and microsomal cerebrosides, suggesting different cerebroside pools in these membranes. The half-life of the fast turning-over pool of cerebrosides of myelin was 7 and 22 days for the developing and adult rat brain respectively. The half-life of the slowly turning-over pool of myelin cerebrosides was about 145 days for both groups of animals. The half-life of the rapidly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was calculated to be 20 and 40 h for the developing and adult animals respectively. The half-life of the intermediate and slowly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was 11 and 60 days respectively, for both groups of animals. The amount of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal cerebrosides from L-serine was greatly decreased in the adult animals, and greater amounts of the precursor were directed towards the synthesis of phosphatidylserine. In the developing animals, considerable amounts of cerebrosides were synthesized from L-serine, besides phosphatidylserine. The time-course of incorporation indicated that a precursor-product relationship exists between microsomal and myelin phosphatidylserine. The half-life of microsomal phosphatidylserine was calculated to be about 8 h for the fast turning-over pool in both groups of animals.     

白术同源四倍体的诱导和鉴定及其与二倍体过氧化物酶的比较

以白术（Atractylodes macrooephala Koidz.）二倍体组培苗为材料,对其四倍体诱导方法进行研究,共获得45个白术同源四倍体株系,为优良株系的选育提供了材料。此外,还分析比较了其中8个白术四倍体株系与二倍体的过氧化物酶同工酶（POD）的酶谱差异,发现四倍体各株系过氧化物酶同工酶谱比二倍体的均多了Rf0.310的谱带,且总过氧化物酶比活力也发生了很大改变,对探讨白术四倍体优良株系的生理生化机理具有一定的参考价值。     

Identification and composition of the tonsillar and anal enterococcal and streptococcal flora of dogs and cats

Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently isolated enterococcal species from anal swabs and tonsils of dogs and cats, although in the anal samples from dogs Ent. hirae was found almost as often as Ent. faecalis. Most Ent.faecium strains from dog tonsils differed from those associated with humans and other animals in that they fermented sorbitol. Typical Ent. avium as well as atypical Ent. avium -like strains were seen in dogs, while the related species Ent. raffinosus was associated with cat tonsils. Enterococcus cecorum also occurred mainly in cats. Certain atypical strains, presumptively identified as Ent. cecorum , shared characteristics with Ent. columbae.
The most frequent streptococcal species in tonsils of cats and dogs were Streptococcus suis and Strep. canis. Streptococcus canis and Strep. bovis predominated in anal swabs. The canine Strep. suis differed from the common porcine strains in fermenting mannitol.
Forty-seven of the 288 isolates examined could not be identified or related to known species. The characteristics of two groups of these bacteria, provisionally called 'Ton 31 group' and 'O7 group' are described.