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1.
Frank B. Jensen Jørgen Boiden Pedersen Lars Garby 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1990,160(4):407-411
Summary Oxygen equilibria in tench hemoglobin were analysed according to a three-state MWC model. In addition to theT andR states of the traditionally used two-state model, the three-state model introduces an additional state, theS state, when organic phosphates bind to theT-structure hemoglobin. Under conditions covering natural red cell pH values and nucleoside triphosphate-hemoglobin ratios, it was possible to closely fit experimental data to the three-state equation with constant values of the association constantsK
R
,K
T
, andK
S
, and with only the allosteric constantsL andM varying with effector conditions. Thus, in contrast to a twostate analysis of oxygen equilibria, the three-state analysis was consistent with the basic assumption of the MWC model, that heterotropic ligands only affect allosteric constants and not association constants. The temperature-dependence of the three-state parameter values showed that in the presence of nucleoside triphosphate the dominance of theS state over theT state was most pronounced at low temperatures. Furthermore, the numerical values of the enthalpy and entropy change of oxygenation were lower in theS state than in theT andR states, and the enthalpy and entropy change for the allostericSR transition were much larger than for theTR transition.Abbreviations
Hb
hemoglobin
-
Y
fractional O2 saturation
-
ATP
adenosine triphosphate 相似文献
2.
The present article analyzes locomotor activity rhythms in Tinca tinca. To that end, three different experiments were conducted on 24 animals (20 g body weight) kept in pairs in 60-liter aquaria fitted with infrared sensors connected to a computer to continuously record fish movements. The first experiment was designed to study the endogenous circadian clock under free-running conditions [ultradian 40:40 min LD pulses and constant dark (DD)] and after shifting the LD cycle. Our results demonstrate that tench has a strictly nocturnal activity pattern, an endogenous rhythm being evident in 45.8% of the fish analyzed. The second experiment was conducted to test the influence of different photoperiods (LD 6:18, 12:12, 18:6, and 22:2) on locomotor activity, the results showing that even under an extremely long photoperiod, tench activity is restricted to dark hours. The third experiment examined the effect of light intensity on locomotor activity rhythms. When fish were exposed to decreasing light intensities (from 300:0 lux to 30:0, 3:0, and 0.3:0 lux) while maintaining a constant photoperiod (LD 12:12), the highest percentage of locomotor activity was in all cases associated with the hours of complete darkness (0 lux). In short, our results clearly show that (a) tench is a species with a strictly nocturnal behavior, and (b) daily activity rhythms gradually entrain after shifting the LD cycle and persist under free-running conditions, pointing to their circadian nature. However, light strongly influences activity rhythms, since (c) the length of the active phase is directly controlled by the photophase, and (d) strictly nocturnal behavior persists even under very dim light conditions (0.3 lux). The above findings deepen our knowledge of tench behavior, which may help to optimize the aquacultural management of this species, for example, by adjusting feeding strategies to their nocturnal behavior. 相似文献
3.
N. De Pedro A. I. Guijarro M. J. Delgado M. A. López-Patiño M. L. Pinillos & M. Alonso-Bedate 《Zeitschrift fur angewandte Ichthyologie》2001,17(1):25-29
The effects of different protein, lipid and carbohydrate diets on growth and energy storage in tench, Tinca tinca L., were studied. Over a 2-month period fish were fed four different diets: control, protein-enriched, carbohydrate-enriched and lipid-enriched. The best growth rates were obtained with the control and protein-enriched diets; the carbohydrate diet produced the worst results (lowest specific growth rate, weight gain, nutritional index and hepatosomatic index). These results suggest that it is not advisable to reduce dietary fish protein below 35%, and that it is not possible to obtain a protein-sparing effect of either lipids or carbohydrates, at least in our experimental conditions. The high-protein diet resulted in the storage of energy excess as muscle proteins and hepatic glycogen. Tench fed the high-carbohydrate diet stored carbohydrates as muscle glycogen and reduced plasma triglycerides. Finally, both liver and muscle lipid content were in positive correlation to dietary lipid. 相似文献
4.
Nikoleta Karaiskou Konstantinos Gkagkavouzis Stella Minoudi Dimitrios Botskaris Kyriaki Markou Stavros Kalafatakis Efthimia Antonopoulou Alexandros Triantafyllidis 《Journal of fish biology》2020,97(3):930-934
The tench Tinca tinca is a freshwater species with human-mediated translocations, aquaculture interest and limited information on its genetic structure. mtDNA sequencing analysis of control region and two genes in 50 individuals from five European populations identified two phylogroups, with greater variability than that reported until now, and a hybridization zone in the Danube River region. Restriction analyses of additional samples reveal the complicated genetic structure characteristics of tench's wild and translocated populations, supporting future breeding practices. 相似文献
5.
Polymorphism was detected at ND1, ND6, D‐loop and cyt b segments of mtDNA in 105 tench (Tinca tinca L.), using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) technique and five composite haplotypes were identified. The diversity indices and the results of the population comparisons revealed that the identified markers provide a powerful tool for further studies on this species. 相似文献
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7.
Tench is produced in pond aquaculture in Europe and is highly valued by consumers. However, little is known about the product quality of this species, including body composition and flesh quality which are relevant for processing, storage and marketing. The experimental investigations indicate that tench are favorable in several parameters of body composition, e.g. carcass yield and fillet percentage, when compared with common carp. Organ weights show a trend toward a lower percentage than in other cyprinids. Composition of the tench fillets is similar to that of common carp. However, tench are able to store large amounts of fat on the fillet surface and intramuscularly, significantly affecting the sensorial characteristics. Technological parameters indicate that tench fillet is quite favorable for processing. In most of the samples analyzed, the water‐binding capacity of raw muscle was significantly better than in other species. Owing to a high energy content in tench muscle, the post‐mortem decrease in pH is very pronounced, which may lead to a rapid autolytic degradation of the tissue. When compared with common carp, tench fillets were favorable in terms of appearance due to a lighter flesh. Large variations in several product quality parameters reflect differences in fish size, age, sex, feeding, and genetic origin. 相似文献
8.
Peter Podhorec Magdalena Socha Miroslawa Sokolowska-Mikolajczyk Tomas Policar Viktor W. Svinger Grzegorz Gosiewski Antonin Kouba Jan Kouril 《Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries》2012,22(3):791-796
The effectiveness of three hormone treatments commonly used for artificial reproduction of tench was evaluated under three thermal regimes, with focus on the need for dopamine antagonist. Mature females were divided into nine groups (n?=?8) and gradually exposed, over a 24?h period, to three temperature regimes: cold (18.1?±?0.02?°C), optimal (22.05?±?0.03?°C), and warm (26.3?±?0.01?°C). Each temperature regime comprised three experimental groups injected with one of three hormone treatments: carp pituitary extract (CPE; 3?mg?kg?1); [D-Arg6, Pro9, NEt]-sGnRH (10???g?kg?1); and [D-Arg6, Pro9, NEt]-sGnRH (10???g?kg?1)?+?metoclopramide (20?mg?kg?1) (combined treatment). No differences were found between ovulation induction (ovulation rate????75?%) with sGnRHa alone and with the combined treatment; whereas CPE at cold and warm water temperatures was significantly less effective (P?<?0.05) than above mentioned treatments. Administration of sGnRHa alone induced a gradual increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) levels with LH peaks close to ovulation, in contrast to the immediate LH surge with high LH levels throughout the entire study observed with the combined treatment under all thermal regimes. LH levels induced by GnRHa alone were significantly lower (P?<?0.05) at all temperatures compared to the combined treatment, with the exception of the final sample at 26?°C, when no difference was recorded. Based on these results we recommend the application of sGnRHa without the addition of dopamine antagonist as a reliable method for inducing ovulation in tench under suboptimal temperature conditions. 相似文献
9.
The response of tench Tinca tinca aged 40–171 days post‐hatch (22–49 mm TL) to the anaesthetic 2‐phenoxyethanol was studied at 25°C. The lowest effective concentration of 2‐phenoxyethanol increased with age, while the highest safe concentration decreased. The fish aged 40 days post‐hatch required a significantly (P ≤ 0.05) shorter time to become anaesthetized than did older fish. The recovery time after 15 min of exposure to 2‐phenoxyethanol at 0.45 g dm?3 was significantly shorter in the 40‐day‐old fish than in older fish. In juveniles of the same age, induction time or recovery time did not depend on their size or condition (Fulton's coefficient). At 25°C, 2‐phenoxyethanol at 0.5 g dm?3 may be used to efficiently and safely anaesthetize T. tinca juveniles. 相似文献
10.
When the tench ( Tinca tinca L.) was exposed to a slight increase, 8.5 mg/l, in the potassium content of the water, metabolic and hormonal changes occurred which lasted more than four weeks. An initial phase of lipolysis was followed by a partial consumption of glycogen reserves, which in turn was followed by a phase of gluconeogenesis. Hyperglycaemia persisted throughout the experiment. The ion distribution in erythrocytes and liver changed relatively early; there was no observable change in water content. These changes are similar to those observed during the osmoregulation of fish. 相似文献
11.
Electrical activity was recorded from single cells in the olfactorybulb when electrically stimulating the medial and lateral olfactorytract and when stimulating the olfactory epithelium with aminoacids. Bulbar units excited by stimulation of the medial olfactorytract were found in the medial and middle parts of the bulb.Neurones in the dorso-lateral part of the bulb were excitedby stimulation of lateral tract. Units inhibited by stimulationof the lateral or medial olfactory tracts had a reversed distributionwith the majority found in the medial or lateral parts of thebulb respectively. The chemicals tested induced changes in thedischarge of units mainly situated in the lateral part of thebulb. 相似文献
12.
Two wild‐coloured strains of tench (the first meiotic gynogenic generation MeiG1, and their control diploid half siblings) and three recessively homozygous colour strains (golden, blue and alampic) were examined for the determination of basic haematological indices. The MeiG1 strain had higher erythrocyte counts than diploid controls or the blue and alampic strains (P < 0.001), and had a higher blood haemoglobin content than all three colour strains (P < 0.001). No differences were detected among strains for haematocrit, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, or mean corpuscular volume. Both the lowest leucocyte count (P < 0.001) and leucocrit value (P < 0.001) were found in the alampic tench, and may result from a negative pleiotropic effect of this recessive homozygous genotype (bbgg). In agreement with previous findings in tench, the differential leucocyte count revealed lymphocytes to be the dominating white blood cells; their rate was about 90% in both the wild‐coloured and blue strains, and less in the other two strains (83–84%). Neutrophil granulocytes were most abundant in the MeiG1 strain. Eosinophil granulocytes were detected only in the golden strain, and were not common (0.2%). 相似文献
13.
A. Tomás‐Vidal S. Martínez‐Llorens C. Jambrina R. de Saja González M. Jover Cerdá 《Zeitschrift fur angewandte Ichthyologie》2011,27(3):892-896
The suitability of defatted soybean meal as a substitute for fishmeal was assessed in juvenile (25 g, average) tench, Tinca tinca, by feeding them diets containing 25 (S25), 37.5 (S37.5) and 50% (S50) soybean meal for 150 days. Soybean meal inclusion increased the relationship between essential and non‐essential amino acids. Fish were hand‐fed to apparent satiation; the feed intake ratio was not dependent upon the dietary soybean level. Survival was over 95% and unaffected by treatment. Growth was reduced at higher soybean meal levels. After 150 days, average weight for the fish fed soybean diets S25, S37.5 and S50 was 65.6, 59.2 and 51 g, respectively. Growth performance was evaluated on the basis of specific growth rate (SGR), final biomass, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and feed intake (FI). Maximum SGR (0.61–0.64) and final biomass (3022–3156 g) were recorded in tench fed diets containing 25 and 37.5% soybean meal. Nutritional parameters such as feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not affected by the soybean meal. Body composition was similar for tench fed the three different diets. 相似文献
14.
15.
J. M. Carral R. Rodríguez J. D. Celada M. Sáez-Royuela A. Aguilera P. Melendre 《Zeitschrift fur angewandte Ichthyologie》2003,19(3):130-131
The experiments were performed in a tench farm from autumn until the spawning season (June–July). Tench broodstocks from natural habitats were maintained in 25 × 6 × 1 m concrete ponds and fed on commercial trout pellets. Females and males were separated and maintained under natural photoperiod and temperature conditions at densities around 2 kg m?2. Water flow throughout was supplied at the rate of 15 L s?1. When females showed external signs of advanced gonadal development, induction of spawning was made by luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LH‐RH) synthetic analogue administration at three different periods of the reproductive season (June–July). A single intramuscular injection (20 μg kg?1 body weight) was administered to 110 mature females selected from a total of 150. The females were stripped 42 h (22°C) after hormone administration. The mean rate of stripped females to the number injected was 77%. Mean relative egg weight in relation to the weight of the stripped females was 5.61%. More than 90% of the males provided semen without hormonal induction. Differences in egg production and external egg quality were observed at different times of the spawning period. It was proven that tench maintained in small concrete tanks and fed on artificial diets were able to reach gonadal maturation. 相似文献
16.
Williams CF Poddubnaya LG Scholz T Turnbull JF Ferguson HW 《Diseases of aquatic organisms》2011,97(2):143-154
Monobothrium wageneri is a monozoic caryophyllidean tapeworm of tench Tinca tinca. The pathological changes caused by this parasite within the intestinal tract of wild tench are described for the first time. Parasites were found attached to the anterior third of the intestine in tight clusters comprising up to 109 tapeworms. Infection was associated with the formation of raised inflammatory swellings surrounding the parasites. This host response, combined with the deep penetration of the scolex into the gut wall, formed a very firm seat of parasite attachment. Histopathological changes were characterised by a pronounced fibrogranulomatous lesion that extended through all layers of the intestine. This was accompanied by haemorrhage, oedema, necrosis and degeneration of the muscularis. A marked eosinophilic interface layer between the scolex of the tapeworm and gut wall indicated intimate host-parasite contact. Ultrastructural examinations revealed coniform spinitriches covering the neck and lateral sides of the scolex and capilliform filitriches present on the apical end of the scolex. Numerous glandular cytons (tegumental glands) were recorded throughout the scolex tegument. Large numbers of secretory granules discharged from the glands through a network of processes onto the scolex surface were consistent with distancing the cellular responses of the host. Observations of severe inflammatory lesions, partial intestinal occlusion and the potential for intestinal perforation represent important pathological changes that are consistent with loss of normal gut function. The lesions associated with the attachment of M. wageneri are more severe than those recorded for any other tapeworm of British freshwater fish. 相似文献
17.
P. Moreno Rendón J. Martín Gallardo E. García Ceballos J. J. Pérez Regadera J. C. Escudero García 《Zeitschrift fur angewandte Ichthyologie》2003,19(3):138-141
The substrate preference of tench Tinca tinca (L.), 33 2‐year‐old individuals, mean size 10 ± 0.36 cm total length, was determined using four different substrates (concrete, artificial vegetation, sand and mud) in a 26 m long maquette. The species showed a high preference (100%) for the mud. Six more trials were performed combining the substrates by pairs (concrete–vegetation, concrete–mud, concrete–sand, mud–vegetation, mud–sand, sand–vegetation). Selection order was: mud (100% of the individuals when compared with concrete and sand and 98.26 ± 2.68% when compared with artificial vegetation), artificial vegetation (100% of the individuals when compared with concrete and 99.81 ± 0.76% when compared with sand), sand (98.29 ± 3.66% when compared with concrete) and concrete. 相似文献
18.
J P Herold J C Pierron L Henquell G Cudey J P Maurat 《Comptes rendus des séances de la Société de biologie et de ses filiales》1979,173(3):563-568
Mechanical power of tench isolated heart is obtained from values of stroke volume at constant hydrodynamic pressure. The total production of energy is measured by use of a calorimetric method and heart efficiency is calculated. The mean value of efficiency is 6.7% +/- 0.65 SEM in our experimental conditions. 相似文献
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20.
J. D. Celada A. Aguilera J. M. Carral M. Sáez‐Royuela P. M. Melendre 《Zeitschrift fur angewandte Ichthyologie》2008,24(5):595-600
Two 60‐day experiments were carried out on tench (Tinca tinca L.) from day 5 post‐hatch. Density was 20 larvae L?1 and temperature 24 ± 0.5°C. In experiment 1, Artemia nauplii were the sole food, testing nauplii amounts and feeding frequency. High survival rates (between 79.5% and 95.5%) were obtained. Growth was faster as nauplii amounts were greater; the highest growth rate (11.00), weight (265.5 mg) and Fulton’s coefficient (1.40) were obtained when fish were fed in excess once a day, without significant differences from the growth obtained by feeding in excess of eight times a day. In experiment 2, a dry diet for marine fish was tested as a replacement for Artemia nauplii, following two transition protocols, one faster than the other; high survival rates (between 77.7% and 87.1%) were again obtained. The slower transition allowed a growth rate of 10.14, length of 23.1 mm, weight of 158.3 mg and a Fulton’s coefficient of 1.28, without significant differences from the faster transition. At all stages, growth values were significantly higher from feeding nauplii in excess as the sole food, but the required nauplii quantity was six times higher than the amount supplied to the animals fed the dry diet. 相似文献