内蒙古阿左旗乌兰塔塔尔中渐新世的兔科化石

本文记述了内蒙古阿左旗乌兰塔塔尔中渐新世地层中发现的兔形类材料中的一种兔科化石——德氏鄂尔多斯兔 [Ordolagus teilhardi (Burke), 1941]. 在形态上对该属种做了较多的补充和订正,并对其系统关系进行了初步探讨.     

内蒙古巴彦乌兰地区始新世哺乳类及相关地层问题

记述了在内蒙古巴彦乌兰地区发现的４种始新世哺乳动物化石,其中包括１个啮齿类新种──Ｍｅｒｇｅｎｏｍｙｓ ｎｅｉｍｏｎｇｏｌｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。新种与在蒙古共和国发现的属型种Ｍ．ｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓ的不同在于个体大,下臼齿下外脊和下次小尖相对偏于唇侧。新化石的发现以及对岩石地层的分析表明巴彦乌兰剖面上原认为的伊尔丁曼哈组应包含伊尔丁曼哈及沙拉木伦组两个地层单位。     

内蒙古晚始新世土克木层发现之原雷兽

在内蒙古四子王旗额尔登敖包相当于晚始新世的土克木层中发现了原雷兽(Protitan)化石.这是在该层位中时隔60多年(1926-1991)之后发现的第四种动物.也是首次发现的大型哺乳动物.     

记准噶尔巨犀(Dzungariotherium)一新种

本文记述了准噶尔巨犀(Dzungariotherium)的一个新种。标本为中苏古生物考察队1960年在内蒙古沙拉木伦地区额尔登敖包的早渐新世乌兰戈楚组内所采。由于这一新种的时代为早渐新世,因而有可能是发现于新疆的晚渐新世霍尔果断准噶尔巨犀(Dzungariotherium org-osensis)的祖先类型。     

河南潭头、卢氏和灵宝盆地上白垩统一下第三系的划分

在这篇短文中,根据脊椎动物化石的发现,进一步叙述和讨论了豫西潭头、灵宝和卢氏三个盆地的中、新生代地层的划分问题。在这三个盆地的中、新生代堆积物中,属于晚白垩世的有潭头盆地秋扒组和灵宝盆地的南朝组,后一个盆地还可能存在着时代更早的白垩纪地层。在潭头盆地的高峪沟组和大章组中分别找到中古新世的阶齿兽、中兽科和晚古新世的牧兽科、假古猬科化石;在潭头组中发现原恐角兽类和古脊齿兽类化石,时代为早始新世。在灵宝盆地的项城群中尚未找到哺乳类化石,可能包括古新世和始新世早中期的堆积。卢氏盆地的卢氏组和锄钩峪组以及灵宝盆地的川口组和浑水河组的时代为晚始新世。卢氏组下部和川口组或许可延至中始新世。     

内蒙古乌拉乌苏的陆龟属皮骨化石

本文记述了内蒙古乌拉乌苏始新世晚期陆龟属(Testudo)的皮骨(dermal osslcles)化石,包括足部的和尾部的。前者我国曾有记录,后者则是首次发现。结合皮骨,文中还探讨了几个有关问题。     

泥河湾盆地虎头梁发现披毛犀化石

泥河湾盆地是中国北方第四纪地层发育最为齐全的地区之一,多处哺乳动物化石产地及旧石器遗址中均有披毛犀化石产出（卫奇,１９９７）,但报道产出的化石多数只是骨体碎片或零星的牙齿。１９６５年夏天,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所前太原工作站王择义、王向前和武文杰在泥河湾盆地河北省阳原县东城乡虎头梁一带进行旧石器调查时,从褐黄色含细砾砂质粘土层中采集到一些披毛犀化石,产出地点位于虎头梁旧石器遗址ＮＥ５５°方向３５０ｍ处,地层层位位于旧石器产出层位之下的泥河湾组上部,时代为早更新世末期。这些技毛犀化石是该…     

A NEW SPECIES OF SINOLAGOMYS(LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE)FROM XINJIANG

<正> More than 200 upper and lower jaws of ochotonid were found in the Late Oligocene of thenorthern part of the Junggar Basin,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,in the summer of1982.Sinolagomys.a unique Paleogene lagomorph with rootless(?) cheek teeth,was erected byBohlin(1937)based on the collections from Shargaltien and Taben-buluk,Gansu province.Upto now,it has been recorded from Middle Oligocene to the Lower Miocene of Gansu,Ninxia,Nei Mongol,and Xinjiang of China,and the Mongolian People's Republic.     

内蒙古乌兰塔塔尔地区中渐新世的圆柱齿鼠科啮齿类

本文记述了发现在乌兰塔塔尔地区的中渐新世圆柱齿鼠科化石。根据牙齿特征,将乌兰塔塔尔动物群中原先的阿尔丁鼠(Ardynomys)和圆柱鼠(Cyclomylus)分别放到异鼠(Anomoemys)和察干鼠(Tsaganomys)属中,将原“小圆柱鼠”(Cyclomylus minutus Kowalski,1974)改订为小察干鼠(Tsaganomys minutus)。在记述洛异鼠(Anomoernys lohiculus)、阿尔泰察干鼠(Tsaganomys altaicus)和小察干鼠的同时,讨论了它们的种内变异。此外还对察干鼠和圆柱鼠的齿冠和齿根关系问题做了初步探讨。     

内蒙古额尔登敖包中始新世戈壁兔(哺乳纲:兔形目)新材料(英文)

描述了来自内蒙古二连盆地的戈壁兔新材料,并命名了一个戈壁兔新种Gobiolagus aliwusuensis sp.nov.。化石产于额尔登敖包剖面中阿里乌苏地点,传统地层划分中的下红层,时代约为中始新世。该种具有中等个体,P3主尖前壁具有小的附尖,P4颊侧有两个明显的尖。这些化石材料保存了戈壁兔材料中仅有的完整上齿列,其中的P2和M3形态是首次报道,为了解亚洲早期兔形类的演化增加了新的信息。     

广西百色第三纪哺乳动物群与气候变迁

在广西百色共发现了三个层位:晚始新世早期的洞均组,晚始新世晚期的那读组和早渐新世的公康组。它们的哺乳动物的种类数目分别为14,27和ll,而其南方类型的百分含量则分别为50,77.8和54.5。故在晚始新世早期或早渐新世,气候较凉;而在晚始新世晚期,气候较暖。这是与北美的情况相类似的。     

Differential mesowear in occluding upper and lower molars: opening mesowear analysis for lower molars and premolars in hypsodont horses

A new approach of reconstructing ungulate diet, the mesowear method, was recently introduced by Fortelius and Solounias ([2000] Am Mus Novitat 3301:1-36). Mesowear is based on facet development on the occlusal surfaces of the teeth. Restricting mesowear investigation to maxillary cheek teeth would allow mesowear investigation only in assemblages of large numbers of individuals and therefore would generally restrict this method to relatively few assemblages of recent and fossil ungulates. Most of the fossil, subfossil, and recent ungulate osteological assemblages that may be assigned to a single taxon have smaller numbers of individuals. This results in a demand to extend the mesowear method to further tooth positions in order to obtain stable dietary classifications of fossil taxa. The focus of this article is to test if a consistent mesowear classification is obtainable for mandibular as well as for maxillary teeth. For statistical testing, large assemblages of isolated cheek teeth of the Vallesian hipparionine horse Hippotherium primigenium and of the recent zebra Equus burchelli were employed as models. The upper tooth positions P4, M1, M2, and M3 as suggested by Kaiser and Solounias (2003) as the model for the "extended" mesowear method and the lower tooth positions P4-M3 were tested for their consistency in classification of the mesowear variables. We found a considerable shift of the mesowear signature towards the grazing edge of the mesowear continuum in lower cheek teeth. In order to adjust the signal of lower teeth to the signal of the upper teeth, a calibration factor was introduced which allowed incorporation of lower cheek teeth into the same model of mesowear investigation together with upper cheek teeth. We propose that this model is particularly suited for the reconstruction of paleodiets in hypsodont hipparionine and equine equids. We further investigated the functional relation between the mesowear profiles and the distribution of dental tissues along the course of the occlusal contact. We therefore correlated mesowear profiles with enamel distribution profiles and found the mesowear profile to be strongly controlled by the attritional environment encountered by a given apex area. The differential signal observed in cusp apex morphology between upper and lower cheek teeth was found to be more closely related to attrition by the antagonistic tooth than to the distribution of dental tissues in the tooth under consideration. The results suggest a general extension of the mesowear method of paleodiet reconstruction and a basic scenario for the evolution of anisodont dentitions.     

甘肃临夏盆地晚中新世豪猪一新种

在甘肃临夏盆地发现豪猪化石一新种,甘肃豪猪(Hystrix gansuensis)。其主要特征是:个体大;鼻骨较宽大,后缘圆凸,达M3的后上方;门齿与P4间齿缺长,腭面较宽,两齿列彼此近于平行;后鼻孔前缘弧形;颊齿为中度单面高冠;P4的前边脊短,褶I向颊侧开口,具低小的前附尖;上臼齿褶I不向颊侧开口;M3较少退化。根据共生的哺乳动物群判断,其时代为晚中新世。     

Allometric scaling in the dentition of primates and prediction of body weight from tooth size in fossils

Tooth size varies exponentially with body weight in primates. Logarithmic transformation of tooth crown area and body weight yields a linear model of slope 0.67 as an isometric (geometric) baseline for study of dental allometry. This model is compared with that predicted by metabolic scaling (slope = 0.75). Tarsius and other insectivores have larger teeth for their body size than generalized primates do, and they are not included in this analysis. Among generalized primates, tooth size is highly correlated with body size. Correlations of upper and lower cheek teeth with body size range from 0.90–0.97, depending on tooth position. Central cheek teeth (P and M) have allometric coefficients ranging from 0.57–0.65, falling well below geometric scaling. Anterior and posterior cheek teeth scale at or above metabolic scaling. Considered individually or as a group, upper cheek teeth scale allometrically with lower coefficients than corresponding lower cheek teeth; the reverse is true for incisors. The sum of crown areas for all upper cheek teeth scales significantly below geometric scaling, while the sum of crown areas for all lower cheek teeth approximates geometric scaling. Tooth size can be used to predict the body weight of generalized fossil primates. This is illustrated for Aegyptopithecus and other Eocene, Oligocene, and Miocene primates. Regressions based on tooth size in generalized primates yield reasonable estimates of body weight, but much remains to be learned about tooth size and body size scaling in more restricted systematic groups and dietary guilds.     

New observations and reinterpretation on the enigmatic taxon Colombitherium (?Pyrotheria,Mammalia) from Colombia

Abstract: The controversial taxon Colombitherium tolimense (Mammalia) (probably Late Eocene in age) from Colombia, although known for nearly 40 years, still bears much mystery. Aside from the problematic ordinal attribution of the holotype and only specimen, its determination as an upper or lower jaw remains a highly debated issue. New observations include the presence of a contact facet on the distal face of the most posterior tooth, which indicates that the fragmentary jaw preserves three premolars and two molars; the M3, unpreserved but present, being most probably reduced. This new interpretation completely fits the morphology of the teeth. Furthermore, the shape of these latter and the deeper wear encompassed by their lingual part relative to the labial one is typical of upper dentition. This is in agreement with the internal curving of the roots of the anterior premolars and with several other arguments that lead interpreting the holotype of C. tolimense as a maxillary bearing P2‐M2. This new interpretation deepens the morphological gap between Colombitherium and other pyrotherians (except Proticia) and challenges further its referral to Pyrotheria. The peculiar morphology of Colombitherium relative to other pyrotherians is indeed striking. In fact, Colombitherium has nothing in common with pyrotherians but bilophodont cheek teeth, a feature largely widespread in placental mammals. It is here referred to ?Pyrotheria until additional evidence of its relationships is known. Associated with the putative removal of Proticia from Pyrotheria as argued by some authors, the hypothetical removal of Colombitherium from the order would adjust the widely accepted assumption that the pyrotherian bilophodont cheek teeth originated from bunodont cheek teeth. It would also make an origin from lophodont forms plausible. This in turn would have critical relevance, especially to the hypothesis that pyrotherians are notoungulates.     

禄丰古猿地点的猪尾鼠类化石

本文记述亚洲首次发现的猪尾鼠类化石。材料系1983年于云南禄丰古猿地点最晚中新世石灰坝组采集到的,计有代表两属三种——Platacanthomys dianensis sp.nov.,Typhlomysprimitivus sp.nov.和T.hipparionum sp.nov.的百余枚牙齿。文中除对新种的形态作了描述和对比外,还对猪尾鼠类的分类位置及系统发育作了探讨。     

FOSSIL LAGOMORPHS (MAMMALIA) FROM THE HETAOYUAN EOCENE OF XICHUAN, HENAN

<正> Among the fossil materials collected from the lower part of the Hetaoyuan Formation, exposed at Shipigou (namely Pishigou) of Xichuan County, Henan, are some specimens of the primitive lagomorphs. A left mandibular fragment of them was recovered by Lei, one of us, and is housed in the Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Ministry of Geology. Other isolated cheek teeth were got by means of screen-washing in the winter of 1984. In this paper these Eocene lagomorph fossils are described, and the homologies of the upper cheek tooth patterns of lagomorphs are discussed.     

斯氏黄河猴(哺乳动物纲,灵长目)较完整下颌骨的发现

新发现的下颌骨说明斯氏黄河猴下齿式为 ２？, １,３, ３。 ｐ２为双根齿,其前后有短的齿隙;ｐ３具有低小的后跟;ｐ４未臼齿化,无下前尖,有初始的下后尖,在较大的跟盆上,有明显的下次尖和很小的下内尖？; ｍ１下前尖小,有些前后收缩（与Ｒｅｎｃｕｎｉｕｓ ｚｈｏｗｉ比较）,ｍ３下次小尖不如正模发育。下颌骨联合部倾斜,不愈合。黄河猴的下臼齿在形态上与西瓦兔猴亚科和原始类人猿──渐新猿亚科有许多共同点,但上臼齿形态差异显著。黄河猴类可能出自亚洲的ｃｅｒｃａｍｏｎｉｉｎｅ形的兔猴形灵长类。     

内蒙古阿左旗乌兰塔塔尔中渐新世的鼠兔科化石及有关问题的讨论

本文记述了发现在内蒙古阿左旗乌兰塔塔尔中渐新世地层中的鼠兔科化石,计两属四种.着重对微型链兔的形态特征做了较多的补充和订正,并对链兔属中种的性质作了初步探讨,取消了步林兔属名,将亚洲的链兔归并成五个种.还对链兔和中华兔的地史分布、某些进化趋势及其他有关问题提出了初步看法.     

中国翼手类一属、种新纪录

记述了采自中国云南西部和西北部的无尾果蝠属Megaerops及其两个种:泰国无尾果蝠M.niphanae和无尾果蝠M.ecaudatus为翼手类中国属、种薪纪录.标本收藏于中国科学院昆明动物研究所.