中国西南地区地图衣属一新种——四川地图衣

为明确地图衣属部分物种的分类地位,该研究以中国西南地区为研究区域,采用表型特征(形态学、解剖学和化学特征)和基因型特征(ITS序列)相结合的方法,对地图衣属(Rhizocarpon Ramond ex DC.)地衣物种进行分类学研究,初步探讨该属物种表型与基因型的对应关系。通过研究,我们发现了该属1新种——四川地图衣(Rhizocarpon sichuanense Y. M. Zhang, L. Hu&W. C. Wang, sp. nov.),该新种与相近种黑灰地图衣(Rhizocarpon cinereonigrum Vain.)和中华地图衣(Rhizocarpon sinense Zahlbr.)的主要区别：地衣体裂片较为分散,表面呈龟裂或者亚鳞叶状;下地衣体黑色,明显;孢子较大,为[(27～)32～42.5]μm×[12.5～17.5(～20)]μm, TLC检测含有巴巴酸。在系统发育中,该新种与黑红地图衣[Rhizocarpon badioatrum(Fl9rke ex Spreng.) Th. Fr.]在同一个进化分枝上,但黑红地图衣的地衣体裂片连续不分散,孢子明显...     

中国地图衣3个新记录种（英文）

在对采自新疆天山和八一林场的地图衣标本进行分类学研究时,发现3个中国新记录种——平茶渍地图衣(Rhizocarpon atrovirellum)、绿孢地图衣(R.furax)和黑瘤地图衣(R.simillimum)。该文对这3个种的分类学特征进行了详细描述,并提供了相关照片。     

中国地图衣3个新记录种

在对采自新疆天山和八一林场的地图衣标本进行分类学研究时,发现3个中国新记录种—— 平茶渍地图衣(Rhizocarpon atrovirellum)、绿孢地图衣(R.furax)和黑瘤地图衣(R.simillimum)。该文对这3个种的分类学特征进行了详细描述,并提供了相关照片。     

新疆地图衣属地衣分类学研究

该研究以新疆的地图衣科(Rhizocarpaceae)地图衣属(Rhizocarpon)100余份地衣标本为材料,通过形态解剖学观察、化学成分分析及分子学鉴定的方法了解新疆地图衣属地衣的物种多样性。结果表明:(1)鉴定出7种地图衣属地衣,包括1个中国新记录种,命名为淡黄色地图衣(R.atroflavescens),6个常见种分别是黑红地图衣(R.badioatrum)、灰地图衣(R.disporum)、双孢地图衣(R.geminatum)、地图衣(R.geographicum)、巨地图衣(R.grande)和岩表地图衣(R.superficiale)。(2)编制了新疆22种地图衣属地衣的分种检索表。(3)系统发育分析结果表明,新疆地图衣属地衣的分子鉴定与形态解剖特征结果一致,更准确地证明淡黄色地图衣为中国新记录种。(4)对已报道的新疆22种地图衣属地衣的地区分布及海拔分布统计显示,新疆22种地图衣属地衣在世界各地均有分布,其中亚洲分布最丰富;该22种地图衣属地衣从低海拔到高海拔都有分布,且各海拔高度物种分布不均匀,总体在高海拔地区分布的物种较多。     

新疆原类梅属地衣的初步研究

该文对新疆原类梅属(Protoparmeliopsis M.Choisy)地衣进行了分类学研究。采用形态解剖学、化学及分子生物学方法,鉴定了采样区原类梅属地衣的4个种:凹盘原类梅[Protoparmeliopsis laatokkaensis(R?s?nen)MobergR.Sant],戛氏原类梅[P.garovaglii(K9rb.) Arup, Zhao XinLumbsch]、石墙原类梅[P.muralis(Schreb.) M. Choisy]和盾原类梅[P.peltata(Ramond) Arup, Zhao XinLumbsch],其中凹盘原类梅(P.laatokkaensis)为中国新记录种。该种最主要的辨别特征是具沉陷入地衣体生长的子囊盘和很明显的黑色下地衣体。对以上4种地衣的形态解剖、化学特征和生境进行了描述,同时提供了分种检索表和相关彩色图片。     

新疆黑尔衣属地衣的研究

该研究对采自新疆天山及阿尔泰山山脉、保存于新疆大学中国西北干旱地衣研究中心地衣标本室(XJUNALH)的130余份黑尔衣属(Melanohalea O.Blanco et al.)地衣标本进行了研究。研究发现,新疆黑尔衣属地衣包括2个中国新记录种——烟色黑尔衣(M.infumata)和亚橄榄黑尔衣(M.subolivacea),1个新疆新记录种亚长芽黑尔衣(M.subelegantula)以及4个常见种地衣等7个地衣物种。并提供了新记录种地衣的形态-解剖特征描述和彩色照片,以及包括这些种的检索表、地衣名录和分布地区。这些新记录种的发现,为中国和新疆的地衣资源提供了基础资料。     

新疆微孢衣属地衣新记录种

报道了采自新疆布尔津县五彩滩的微孢衣属(Acarospora A.Massal.)地衣两个新记录种,即:中国新记录种美国微孢衣(Acarospora americana H.Magn.)和新疆新记录种翡翠微孢衣(Acarospora smaragdula(Wahlenb.)A.Massal.),详细描述了这两种地衣的形态特征、解剖特征及生境。     

肉疣衣属中国新记录种——乌普萨拉肉疣衣

采用形态解剖、化学、生态类型及地理成分分析等传统分类方法对新疆天山南部巴音布鲁克山区地衣外部形态和内部构造、地衣附属结构、地衣繁殖器官进行观察。利用显色反应法(CT)、微量化学结晶法(MCT)、薄层层析法(TLC)等生物化学方法,鉴定地衣次生代谢产物,发现了1个中国新记录种:乌普萨拉肉疣衣[Ochrolechia upsaliensis(L.)A.Massal]。文中描述了该新记录种地衣的形态解剖、化学特征和生境,并提供了地衣体、子囊及子囊孢子的彩色图片。     

新疆泡鳞衣属地衣的研究

该文采用形态解剖、化学及生态等传统分类方法,以及显色反应(CT)、薄层层析(TLC)等生物化学方法,对新疆天山南麓巴音布鲁克山区和天山中部米泉哈熊沟泡鳞衣属地衣进行了分类学研究,并鉴定采样区泡鳞衣属的地衣种类。结果表明:共鉴定出似皮革泡鳞衣Toninia alutacea(Anzi)Jatta、兰黑泡鳞衣T.caeruleonigricans(Lightf.)Th.Fr.、白泡鳞衣T.candida(Weber)Th.Fr.、泡状泡鳞衣T.physaroides(Opiz)Zahlbr.、暗色泡鳞衣中亚亚种T.tristis subsp.asiae-centralis(H.Magn.)Timdal等5个种,其中2个为中国新记录种:似皮革泡鳞衣T.alutacea和泡状泡鳞衣T.physaroides;同时描述了5个种的形态解剖特征、化学特征及其生境,并提供了相关彩色图片和新疆泡鳞衣属地衣检索表。研究结果可为新疆地衣的研究提供实验数据,为中国泡鳞衣属研究提供科学依据。     

中国微孢衣属地衣(微孢衣科)三个新记录种

本文报道了中国微孢衣属地衣的3个中国新记录种,分别为粉霜微孢衣Acarospora obpallens(Nyl.ex Hasse)Zahlbr.、莲座微孢衣Acarospora rosulata(Th.Fr.)H.Magn.以及爱琴海微孢衣Acarospora aeginaica H.Magn.,标本采集于黑龙江、内蒙古及新疆等地区。本文提供了各种的详细描述、形态及解剖图片以及ITS和mt SSU序列,标本现保存于新疆大学中国西北干旱区地衣研究中心标本管理室(XJU-NALH)。     

Foreign exploration for Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and associated natural enemies on avocado (Persea americana Miller)

Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara was discovered attacking avocados in California, USA, in 1996. Host plant surveys in California indicated that S. perseae has a highly restricted host range with larvae being found only on avocados, while adults were collected from 11 different plant species. As part of a management program for this pest, a “classical” biological control program was initiated and foreign exploration was conducted to delineate the home range of S. perseae, to survey for associated natural enemies and inventory other species of phytophagous thrips on avocados grown in Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, and Brazil. Foreign exploration efforts indicate that S. perseae occurs on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1500 m) from Uruapan in Mexico south to areas around Guatemala City in Guatemala. In Costa Rica, S. perseae is replaced by an undescribed congener as the dominant phytophagous thrips on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1300 m). No species of Scirtothrips were found on avocados in the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, or Brazil. In total, 2136 phytophagous thrips were collected and identified, representing over 47 identified species from at least 19 genera. The significance of these species records is discussed. Of collected material 4% were potential thrips biological control agents. Natural enemies were dominated by six genera of predatory thrips (Aeolothrips, Aleurodothrips, Franklinothrips, Leptothrips, Scolothrips, and Karnyothrips). One genus each of parasitoid (Ceranisus) and predatory mite (Balaustium) were found. Based on the results of our sampling techniques, prospects for the importation of thrips natural enemies for use in a “classical” biological control program in California against S. perseae are not promising.     

Taxonomic status of the species of the green algal genusNeochloris

Komárek has recently reviewed the various species assigned to the green algal genusNeochloris Starr (Chlorococcales, Chlorococcaceae) and removed those with uninucleate vegetative cells to a new genus,Ettlia. Watanabe & Floyd, unaware ofKomárek's work, also reviewed the species ofNeochloris and distributed them among three genera—Neochloris, Chlorococcopsis gen. nov., andParietochloris gen. nov.—on the basis of details of the covering of the zoospore and the arrangement of the basal bodies of the flagellar apparatus. This paper reconciles these two treatments and makes additional recommendations at the ranks of genus, family, order, and class.     

Die GattungKarschia — Bindeglied zwischen bitunicaten Ascomyceten und lecanoralen Flechtenpilzen?

The genusKarschia, in the earlier sense, including saprophytes and parasites on lichens, has been thought to be a non-lichenized parallel genus of the lichen genusBuellia. Modern workers included it on the one hand inBuellia, on the other hand combined it with bitunicate ascomycetes. It is now proved thatKarschia is heterogeneous and contains but superficially similar members both of the genusBuellia of theLecanorales and of typical or masked bitunicateAscomycetes. Therefore, it can not be regarded as a link betweenLecanorales andDothideales. The type species ofKarschia belongs to theDothideales.

     

Systematic significance of mature embryo of bamboos

The mature embryo of seven species belonging to five genera of Indian bamboos is described. In all these the basic pattern of embryo organisation is same: the scutellar and coleoptilar bundles are not separated by an internode, the epiblast is absent, the lower portion of the scutellum and the coleorhiza are separated by a cleft and the margins of embryonic leaves overlap. The features unique to fleshy fruited bamboos are: presence of a massive scutellum, the juxtaposition of plumule and radicle and the occurrence of a bud in the axil of the coleoptile. The fleshy fruit bearing bamboos should be classified into one group, the tribeMelocanneae. Evidence is provided to recognise additional groups in the subfamilyBambusoideae.     

Phylogeny of cardinalfishes (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Apogonidae) and the evolution of visceral bioluminescence

The cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) are a diverse clade of small, mostly reef-dwelling fishes, for which a variety of morphological data have not yielded a consistent phylogeny. We use DNA sequence to hypothesize phylogenetic relationships within Apogonidae and among apogonids and other acanthomorph families, to examine patterns of evolution including the distribution of a visceral bioluminescence system. In conformance with previous studies, Apogonidae is placed in a clade with Pempheridae, Kurtidae, Leiognathidae, and Gobioidei. The apogonid genus Pseudamia is recovered outside the remainder of the family, not as sister to the superficially similar genus Gymnapogon. Species sampled from the Caribbean and Western Atlantic (Phaeoptyx, Astrapogon, and some Apogon species) form a clade, as do the larger-bodied Glossamia and Cheilodipterus. Incidence of visceral bioluminescence is found scattered throughout the phylogeny, independently for each group in which it is present. Examination of the fine structure of the visceral bioluminescence system through histology shows that light organs exhibit a range of morphologies, with some composed of complex masses of tubules (Siphamia, Pempheris, Parapriacanthus) and others lacking tubules but containing chambers formed by folds of the visceral epithelium (Acropoma, Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia). Light organs in Siphamia, Acropoma, Pempheris and Parapriacanthus are distinct from but connected to the gut; those in Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia are simply portions of the intestinal tract, and are little differentiated from the surrounding tissues. The presence or absence of symbiotic luminescent bacteria does not correlate with light organ structure; the tubular light organs of Siphamia and chambered tubes of Acropoma house bacteria, those in Pempheridae and the other Apogonidae do not.     

Biological control of three floating water weeds,<Emphasis Type="Italic">Eichhornia crassipes,Pistia stratiotes</Emphasis>, and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salviniamolesta</Emphasis> in the Republic of Congo

Since 1999, four specific weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) were released in the Republic of Congo against three exotic floating water weeds: Neochetina eichhorniae Warner and N. bruchi Hustache against water hyacinth, Neohydronomus affinis Hustache against water lettuce, and Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands against water fern. Recoveries of exotic weevils were made from all 24 release sites except one, and all four species have established and spread (up to 800 km for water hyacinth weevils). Within a few years of releases, control of water fern and water lettuce was such that fishing and navigation could be resumed, while reductions of water hyacinth populations were only beginning.     

A molecular phylogeny of Hebeloma species from Europe

In order to widen the scope of existing phylogenies of the ectomycorrhizal agaric genus Hebeloma a total of 53 new rDNA ITS sequences from that genus was generated, augmented by sequences retrieved from GenBank, and analysed using Bayesian, strict consensus and neighbour joining methods. The lignicolous Hebelomina neerlandica, Gymnopilus penetrans, and two species of Galerina served as outgroup taxa. Anamika indica, as well as representatives of the genera Hymenogaster and Naucoria, were included to test the monophyly of Hebeloma, which is confirmed by the results. Hebeloma, Naucoria, Hymenogaster and Anamika indica cluster in a strongly supported monophyletic hebelomatoid clade. All trees largely reflect the current infrageneric classification within Hebeloma, and divide the genus into mostly well-supported monophyletic groups surrounding H. crustuliniforme, H. velutipes, H. sacchariolens, H. sinapizans, and H. radicosum, with H. sarcophyllum being shown at an independent position; however this is not well supported. The section Indusiata divides with strong support into three groups, the position of the pleurocystidiate Hebeloma cistophilum suggests the possible existence of a third subsection within sect. Indusiata. Subsection Sacchariolentia is raised to the rank of section.