Two new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera, Simuliidae) from Peninsular Malaysia, with keys to Peninsular Malaysian members of the Simulium ceylonicum species-group

Two new species of black flies, Simulium (Gomphostilbia) roslihashimisp. n. and Simulium (Gomphostilbia) lurauensesp. n., are described on the basis of reared adult, pupal and larval specimens collected from Peninsular Malaysia. These two new species are placed in the ceylonicum species-group within the subgenus Gomphostilbia. Simulium (Gomphostilbia) roslihashimisp. n. is most distinctive with the male having almost entirely yellow antennae, and Simulium (Gomphostilbia) lurauensesp. n. is characterized in the female by having the elongate sensory vesicle and the yellowish-white hairs on the base of the costal vein and on the stem vein, in the male by the greater number of large upper-eye facets and the spindle-shaped hind basitarsi which are much narrower than the hind tibiae and femora and in the pupa by the small terminal hooks. Keys to species of the ceylonicum species-group reported from Peninsular Malaysia are provided for females, males, pupae and mature larvae.     

Cytotaxonomy, morphology and ecology of the Simulium nobile species group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand

The polytene chromosomes of 512 larvae of the Simulium nobile species group collected from 16 stream sites in northern, central and southern Thailand were examined. Band-by- band comparisons relative to the established standard chromosome map for the subgenus Simulium distinguished the 2 species of this group, S. nobile and S. nodosum. The differences are mainly due to the position of the nucleolar organizer, pseudochromocenter, and fixed and polymorphic inversions. S. nobile is a monomorphic species, while S. nodosum is a polymorphic species. The morphology of these taxa is described based on the gill filaments and the color of the antennae and female genitalia. S. nobile is distributed in southern Thailand at low altitudes, whereas the distribution of S. nodosum is in the north at higher altitudes.     

贵州蚋属一新种(双翅目：蚋科)

记述采自贵州雷公山的蚋属一新种, 显著蚋Simulium (Simulium) prominentum, 新种。根据其蛹和幼虫的特征显著而命名, 对其幼期形态进行描述并与其近缘种作分类讨论。     

贵州蚋属一新种 (双翅目：蚋科)

 记述采自贵州雷公山的蚋属一新种, 显著蚋Simulium (Simulium) prominentum, 新种 。根据其蛹和幼虫的特征显著而命名, 对其幼期形态进行描述并与其近缘种作分类讨论。     

贵州纺蚋亚属二新种(双翅目： 蚋科)

记述了采自贵州雷公山自然保护区的纺蚋二新种,清水纺蚋Simulium (Nevermannia) qingshuiense sp. Nov.和桥落纺蚋S. (N.) qiaolaoense sp. Nov.,二者均以其产地命名。文中对其成虫、蛹和幼虫形态进行了全面描述,并与其近缘种进行分类讨论。模式标本存放在贵阳医学院生物学教研室。     

宁夏回族自治区纺蚋亚属鹿蚋组一新种记述(双翅目,蚋科)

记述蚋属Simulium纺蚋亚属Nevermannia鹿蚋组ruficorne group 1新种,该组的鉴别特征是雄性生殖腹板具中龙骨突,此乃该组首次以我国为模式产地的新种,标本采自宁夏回族自治区,以模式产地命名。其主要特征是幼虫上颚具附点,蛹茧具长背中突,雄虫生殖腹板蝶形,据上述综合特征可与该组已知其它近缘种相区别。     

河南省蚋属一新种(双翅目:蚋科)

记述采自河南1新种:河南纺蚋Simulium (Nevermannia) henanense, sp. nov.。根据其外生殖器的形状、幼虫和蛹的特征,本新种隶属于Simulium (Nevermannia)的宽足蚋组vernum-group。其蛹的特征与中国的 S. (N.) xinbinense 和西马来西亚的 S. (N.) kurtaki 相似,但是与后2种在雌虫股节的颜色、幼虫后颊裂和直肠腮的形状迥异,可资鉴别。模式标本存放于贵阳医学院生物学教研室。正模:♀,河南焦作云台山白龙潭,海拔 1 060 m,东经113°25',北纬35°14',韦静采;副模:1♀,12蛹,18幼虫,同正模。     

A new black fly species of the subgenus Gomphostilbia (Simulium: Simuliidae: Diptera) from India

Simulium (Gomphostilbia) agasthyamalaiense sp. nov. is described based on adults, pupae and mature larvae from a medium-flowing stream of Southern Western Ghats, India. This new species is placed in the Simulium batoense species-group of the subgenus Gomphostilbia Enderlein. This new species is characterized in the female by a scutum with three brownish-black longitudinal vittae and the hind basitarsus 5.7 times as long as wide; in the female by the large facets of upper eye with 20 vertical columns and 19 horizontal rows; in the pupa the respiratory gill with medium-long common basal stalk; and in the larva arrowhead-shaped postgenal cleft. Taxonomic notes are provided for this new species and it can be distinguished from closely related species of S. (G.) peteri. Keys are constructed to distinguish this species from ten species of the batoense species-group recorded in India.www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1D1CFEE5-A762-4F68-9EAE-9E31133146C0     

海南岛纺蚋亚属和蚋亚属二新种记述(双翅目,蚋科)

记述海南岛蚋属2新种。琼州纺蚋Simulium(Nev—ermannia) qiongzhouense sp．nov．和天池蚋Simulium(Simulium) tianchi sp．nov．。琼州纺蚋与其近缘种的主要区别是生殖腹板后缘具明显的中突和中骨骨化部末端分叉;天池蚋的主要特征是蛹鳃器基部具坑状器,与其近缘种的主要区别是雌虫足的颜色,雄虫生殖腹板和中骨的形状,蛹腹节7～9背板具栉刺列和幼虫肛鳃每叶分5个副叶。     

Taxonomic contribution to the Aleiodes melanopterus (Erichson) species-group (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae) from Brazil

The Aleiodes melanopterus (Erichson, 1848) species-group includes 21 species, of which seven are known from the Neotropical region: Aleiodes flavistigma Shaw, 1993, Aleiodes lucidus (Szépligeti, 1906), Aleiodes melanopterus, Aleiodes mexicanus Cresson, 1869, Aleiodes politiceps (Gahan, 1917), and the new species Aleiodes shaworumsp. n. and Aleiodes vassunungasp. n. Distribution ranges of Aleiodes melanopterus, Aleoides flavistigma and Aleiodes lucidus are extended and the female of Aleiodes lucidus is described. A key to the Neotropical species of this species-group is presented.     

湖北神农架自然保护区一新特蚋种(双翅目,蚋科)(英文)

描记采自湖北神农架自然保护区一蚋属蚋亚属新种,齿端蚋Simulium(Simulium)dentastylum sp.nov..模式标本存于贵阳医学院生物学教研室.     

Phylogenetic analysis based on multiple gene sequences revealing cryptic biodiversity in Simulium multistriatum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand

Phylogenetic relationships among four species of the Simulium multistriatum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand were examined based on two mitochondrial genes (COI, COII) and one nuclear gene (18S/ITS1). Simulium takense was found to be genetically divergent (>20.3% for COI) from the other species, consistent with their distinctive morphology. Simulium chainarongi and S. chaliowae were monophyletic but were included in paraphyletic S. fenestratum. Simulium fenestratum was divided into three distinct lineages with high levels of genetic divergence. This suggests that S. fenestratum is a species complex. Neither morphological nor cytological examinations revealed evidence of sibling species. The clades derived from phylogenetic analyses were found to be correlated with the ecological conditions of larval habitat. Therefore, ecological adaptation may have played a role in black fly diversification and evolution. These results suggest the use of integrated, multidisciplinary approaches for fully understanding black fly biodiversity and systematics.     

Taxonomy of the Nacerdes (Xanthochroa) carniolica species-group from China (Coleoptera,Oedemeridae, Nacerdini)

This paper deals with a species-group carniolica of the genus Nacerdes from China. This species-group has seven known species/subspecies in the world and two of them are known from China. Nacerdes (Xanthochroa) arcuata sp. n. is a new species belonging to carniolica group. The species were collected from Anhui (Eastern China, 30°02''17.37"N, 118°50''1.72"E). A key to the species of the species-group from China is given along with a distribution map.     

四川省蚋属纺蚋亚属一新种记述(双翅目,蚋科)

泸定纺蚋,新种Simulium(Nevermannia)ludingense sp.nov.(Figs.1-17)根据雄虫尾器和蛹呼吸丝特征,新种应隶属于纺蚋亚属的宽足蚋组uernum-group.新种的主要特征是幼虫后腹节具附骨,这一特征在该组见于报告者仅有5种,即产自我国台湾的S.(N.)yushangense、湖南的S.(N.)zhangjiajiense和贵州的S.(N.)qinshuiense、菲律宾的S.(N.)aberrans以及马来西亚的S.(N.)caudisclerum.但新种蛹茧无前背突可与S.(N.)yushangense、S.(N.)qingshuiense、S.(N.)zhangjiajiense和S.(N.)caudisclerum相区别;其雄性生殖腹板呈半圆形以及幼虫上颚缘齿无附齿列可与S.(N.)caudisclerum相区别.正模♀,副模7♀♀,5♂♂,12蛹,5幼虫,2003-09-19,采自泸定县药王庙小溪水草.模式标本存放于贵阳医学院生物学教研室.     

Phylogeography of Simulium siamense Takaoka and Suzuki complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand

The phylogeography of Simulium siamense complex was inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. A 586‐bp fragment of the cytochrome oxidase I was sequenced for 92 individuals from 13 populations throughout Thailand, representing five cytoforms (A, B, C, F and G). The cytoforms are not genetically different at the molecular level except for cytoform B, which is genetically distinct from the others. This might indicate that cytoform B is a distinct species. Further morphological and molecular work using other genes is needed to clarify this. Our results also argue for the need of integrated approach, both cytological and molecular studies to understanding biodiversity of black flies. The star‐like shape of the mtDNA genealogy is consistent with the sudden population expansion of the mismatch distribution analysis and large negative values of Fu's F_s and Tajima's D‐tests, indicating a population demographic expansion. The expansion time is estimated to be in the late Pleistocene (about 120 000 years ago). Therefore, the overall low level of genetic structure could be due to sharing a recent history. The ancestral haplotype was found in the mountainous area in northeastern Thailand, suggesting that this area could have been the refugium of the species complex during the Pleistocene glaciations. Our results are consistent with previous findings about population expansion in response to the Pleistocene climatic change, thus revealing the importance of this historical event in shaping the genetic structure and diversity of Southeast Asian mainland species.     

陕西省蚋属一新种记述(双翅目:蚋科)

Simulium (Simulium) liubaense, sp. nov. is described based on the female specimens collected from Liuba, Shaanxi Province, China. This species is assigned to the variegotum-group of the subgenus Simulium, and is closely related to S. (S.) jingfui Cai and An, 2008, S. (S.) taiwanicum Takaoka, 1979, S. (S.) hackeri Edwards 1928, S. (S.) chamlongi Takaoka and Suzuki, 1984. However it is clearly differentiated from them by the structure of cibarium, genital fork, genital plate, paraproct and cercus of the female. All the specimens are kept in the Medical Entomology Collection Gallery, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing.     

Review of the subgenus Polyphylla (Granida) from continental Asia (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae)

A review of Polyphylla Harris, 1841, species belonging to the subgenus Granida Motschulsky, 1861, from continental Asia is presented. One new species is described from Thailand: Polyphylla (Granida) simonisp. n.Polyphylla (Granida) nikodymi de Wailly, 1993, is recorded from Thailand for the first time. Polyphylla (Granida) minor Nomura, 1977, is recorded from Yunnan (China) for the first time. The previously unknown female of Polyphylla (Granida) phongsali Zídek, 2006, is described.     

The phylogeny of Simulium (Chirostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) and perspectives on the systematics of the genus in the Neotropical Region

Recently, knowledge of Neotropical Simuliidae has been accumulating quickly. However, information about supra-specific relationships is scarce and diagnoses of Simulium subgenera are unsatisfactory. To investigate the relationships among Simulium (Chirostilbia) species and test the subgenus monophyly, we performed a cladistic analysis. The ingroup included all species of this subgenus and the outgroup included representatives of the 17 species groups of Neotropical Simulium and three Holarctic species. The study was based on a data matrix with 31 terminal taxa and 45 morphological characteristics of adult, pupa and larva. The phylogenetic analysis under equal weights resulted in eight most-parsimonious trees (length = 178, consistency index = 34, retention index = 67). The monophyly of the S. (Chirostilbia) was not supported in our analysis. The Simulium subpallidum species group was closer to Simulium (Psilopelmia) and Simulium (Ectemnaspis) than to the Simulium pertinax species group. Additionally, we describe the three-dimensional shape of the terminalia of male and female of Simulium (Chirostilbia) for the first time and provide comments about the taxonomic problems involving some species of the subgenus: Simulium acarayense, Simulium papaveroi, S. pertinax, Simulium serranum, Simulium striginotum and S. subpallidum.     

江西省蚋属一新种(双翅目,蚋科)

首次记述江西省蚋科1新种,庐山蚋Simulium(Simuliun)hushanense sp.nov..新种依其雄性生殖腹板光裸,蛹具6条呼吸丝,似应隶属于蚋亚属的灰额蚋组griseifronsgroup.与报告自马来西亚的显丝蚋S.(S.)grossifilum Takaoka et Davies近似,但后者的雄性尾器与本种迥异,蛹的头毛树状,茧具前侧窗等特征,可资鉴别.