Basispora,a new genus of the Ralfsiaceae

Basispora is recognised as a new genus of the Ralfsiaceae (Phaeophyceae), distinguished from other members of this family by the terminal unilocular sporangia arising on long stalks from near the base of the simple, often assurgent, laterally free erect filaments. The type species Basispora africana is described; it is widely distributed along the West African coast. Two other taxa from New Zealand, formerly included in Hapalospongidium, are transferred to this new genus, necessitating the new combinations Basispora saxigena and B. durvilleae. These three species are separated on the structure of the vegetative thallus, dimensions, shape of the sporangial stalk and on the type of substrate on which they grow.     

A new species of Acanthostigma (Tubeufiaceae, Dothideomycetes) from the southern hemisphere

A new species belonging to the Dothideomycete genus Acanthostigma is described from bark of two Nothofagus species from Argentina. Its identity as a new species is based on both morphology and molecular sequence data. Acanthostigma patagonica differs from other species in the genus by having larger ascomata and setae and wider, asymmetrical ascospores. An amended key to Acanthostigma species is provided along with a discussion of other species previously described from South America.     

A new genus of soft coral of the family Alcyoniidae (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) with re-description of a new combination and description of a new species

A new genus, Aldersladum (family Alcyoniidae), is established to accommodate a previously described species, Efflatounaria sodwanae Benayahu, 1993 (family Xeniidae) from Sodwana Bay, South Africa that was wrongly assigned to the latter genus. This species is redescribed and a second new species, Aldersladum jengi from Penghu Is., Taiwan, is described. The diagnostic features of the new genus include the presence of only figure-eight shaped platelets in all parts of the colony, thus differentiating it from all known genera of the Alcyoniidae. Based on examination of additional material from other localities, the zoogeographical distribution of the genus is confirmed to include the coral reefs of South Africa, Kenya, Gulf of Oman, Taiwan and Japan. Phylogenetic analyses of two mitochondrial genes strongly support its placement in the family Alcyoniidae.     

广西报春苣苔属一新种及其系统位置(英文)

报春苣苔是一类生长在石灰岩基质上的多年生草本植物,目前已知的种类160余种,主要分布在我国南部和越南北部的石灰岩地区。该属植物许多种类分布极其狭域,往往仅零星分布在某个或少数几个地点。近年来,该属植物许多新种类不断地被发现和报道,预示着该属植物可能有更加丰富的多样性。该研究报道了在广西博白县发现的该属植物一新种。从形态上判断,该新种属于广义报春苣苔属,其具有的一些特别的形态特征,如花冠下唇比上唇长得多,上唇内部具有两个近圆形斑点(其它多数种类具有条形斑点),而易于与本属其它物种区分。而且,基于叶绿体mat K基因序列重建的系统发育关系表明,该新种的确属于报春苣苔属且广义报春苣苔属是单系类群。该新种与钟冠报春(P.swinglei)和疏花报春(P.laxiflora)最为近缘,其mat K基因与后两者分别有5个和11个碱基差异,暗示这些物种间经历了较长时间的独立演化或mat K基因在这些物种中具有较高的碱基替换速率。另外,该新种只生长在丹霞岩石上,而其近缘种以及同属大多数其它种类都生长在石灰岩基质上,暗示该新种获得了特殊的适应能力以及与其它近缘种间存在生态隔离。该新种以及近年来本属许多其它新种类的发现,进一步增加了对该属植物多样性的认识,以及该属植物的演化与多样性分化之谜。这些物种所具有的高度区域或局域特有性和稀有性,以及形态上的特殊性和遗传上的独立性,进一步强化了对该属植物开展保护的重要性。     

多节核棘尾虫的发现及其与邻近属种的形态比较

黑龙江省帽儿山镇沼泽地生存着一种在体形和皮层形态上酷似贻贝棘尾虫的腹毛类纤毛虫,其大核呈多个结节相连的索状,这与传统的棘毛虫属的特征有别,但S期大核复制带两个仍在两端出现,这一点全似棘尾虫属,又鉴于腹毛类的其它属中也有大核结数目不同的种（Borror,1983),故单纯大核结节数目不同不应被视为属间判别,因此本文将此虫定为棘尾虫属一新种,名之为多节核棘尾虫,据此,棘尾虫属的传统鉴别特征在核形上也予以修正。     

Phylogeny and zoogeography of three new species of the genus Hexabathynella (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Bathynellacea) from North America

Three new species of the genus Hexabathynella , H. otayana sp. n., H. hessleri sp. n. and H. muliebris sp. n., from North America are described. A comparison with previous studies results in the reevaluation of characters already known and the discovery of new constitutive characters. The distal spine of the mandibular spine row is regarded as a synapomorphy of the three new species and two previously known species, H. knoepffleri , H. minuta , which constitute a monophyletic group within the genus, the knoepffleri-group. The phylogenetic relationships between the five species are depicted with a cladogram. The setation on the uropodal exopod is shown to be not only a new unique character for the genus, but also a significant one in classifying its species. The presence of the ancestor species of the genus before the Triassic and dispersal during Mesozoic continental drift are assumed to explain the transatlantic occurrence of the knoepffleri-group and the distribution pattern of the other species.     

中国西北地区维特疣(虫兆)属一新种(弹尾纲,疣(虫兆)科)

描述了采自中国西北地区的维特疣属Vitronura1新种——陕西维特疣,模式标本保存在中国科学院上海生命科学研究院。新种与属内其它种的区别在于上颚具有7齿,上唇有4根毛,头部背面毛的数量明显少于其它种类,An疣上有2根毛,胸部第2～3节的Di疣上分别有3根毛,腹部第1～4节De疣上分别有3根普通毛和1根感觉毛,腹部第5节的Di疣互相分离。文中同时还编制了该属中国种类检索表。     

At the lower size limit for tetrapods, two new species of the miniaturized frog genus Paedophryne (Anura, Microhylidae)

I describe two new species in the miniaturized microhylid frog genus Paedophryne from forests in southeastern Papua New Guinea. The first species is described on the basis of two specimens and exhibits female snout-vent length of 8.5-9.0 mm (no males known), whereas that of the second species, described on the basis of 12 specimens, is 8.8-9.3 mm, with males 8.1-8.9 mm. These frogs are smaller than the other two diminutive species described when the genus was recently erected, and they represent what are currently the smallest known species of tetrapods. The two species replace each other elevationally on the same mountain massif and occur in relative geographic proximity to the other named species of the genus. Females of both species contain only two enlarged ova, suggesting that they also possess clutch sizes at the extreme lower end of variation in frogs. All species of Paedophryne inhabit leaf litter, as seen for most other miniaturized anurans.     

Dacryodes edilsonii, a new species from southwestern Amazonia. Studies in neotropical Burseraceae XII

Dacryodes edilsonii Daly (Burseraceae) is one of at least 14 still undescribed neotropical species in the genus; it is also one of a large number of new species emerging from intensified botanical exploration of the Brazilian state of Acre in southwestern Amazonia. The new species is easily distinguished from most other Neotropical species of the genus by its usually densely long-pubescent petiole, rachis, petiolules, and abaxial midvein.     

The Lepocreadiidae (Digenea) of fishes from the north-east Atlantic: review of the genusParalepidapedon Shimazu & Shimura, 1984, with a description ofP. williamsi n. sp.

A new species,Paralepidapedon williamsi, is described from the fishCottunculus microps and an unidentified fish of the suborder Cottoidei in the NE Atlantic Ocean. This species is the first member of the genus to be recognized in the Atlantic Ocean. Its general morphology is similar to that of the other members of the genus, but it is distinguished by its large eggs and the relatively few gland-cells associated with the external seminal vesicle. The genusParalepidapedon, which differs fromNeolepidapedon in the possession of a uroproct, is reviewed and a key to the species given. The genus is considered to include five species.     

Broadening the definition of the genus Thalassaphorura Bagnall, 1949 (Collembola,Onychiuridae) with a new aberrant species from China

A new species belonging to the tribe Thalassaphorurini, Thalassaphorura problematica sp. n., is described from Northeast China. The new species is closest to the large genus Thalassaphorura by its simple vesicles in PAO and its furcal rudiment, but it does not fit the definition of the genus by the absence of chaeta d0 on head, the number of chaetae in the distal whorl of tibiotarsi and the labium type. We discuss the relative weakness of these last characters at generic level, which lead us to assign the new species to Thalassaphorura instead of erecting a new genus. The diagnosis of Thalassaphorura is broadened accordingly.     

Lobatiriccardia yunnanensis,sp. nov. (Metzgeriales,Aneuraceae) from Yunnan,China

Abstract

The genus Lobatiriccardia Furuki is reported as new to China, from the Dulong River valley, Gaoligong Shan range, Yunnan Province and this material is described as a new species endemic to China, Lobatiriccardia yunnanensis Furuki & D.G. Long, the fifth known species in the genus. The differences between the new species and the other members of the genus are enumerated, along with a key to all known species of Lobatiriccardia.     

Sirindhomia, a new orchid genus from Southeast Asia

The new orchid genus Sirindhomia , named after H. R. H. Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn of Thailand, is established to accommodate three species from Thailand (Chiang Mai and Tak provinces), Myanmar (Shan State), and China (Yunnan province). Two new species are described and a new combination, based on Habenaria monophylla Collett & Hemsl., is made; all of the three species are illustrated, and a distribution map is provided. Sirindhomia belongs to subtribe Orchidinae and has an overall similarity with Ponerorchis, Hemipilia , and Amitostigma. However, it significantly differs in its column morphology which is more reminiscent of that found in the vegetatively distinct genus Orchis. The new species, Sirindhomia pulchella and S. mirabilis , seem to be local endemics, as they are only known from the Thai mountains Doi Chiang Dao and Khao Hua Mot, respectively. Sirindhomia monophylla , on the other hand, is known from a very large part of the range of the genus. All Sirindhomia species known are restricted to limestone mountains at 800–2200 m alt., mainly growing in rock crevices and among scrub as well as on grassy slopes. They flower from April to June.     

Baetimyces, a new genus of Harpellales, and first report of Legeriomyces ramosus from the northeastern Iberian Peninsula

Baetimyces, belonging to the Legeriomycetaceae, is described here as a new genus. Its single species, B. ancorae, has been found growing in the hindgut of mayfly nymphs of the genus Baetis (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) inhabiting a Pyrenean Mountains canal-stream from the northeastern region of the Iberian Peninsula. The new genus is characterized by having trichospores with two thick appendages of unequal length, and by zygospores perpendicularly and medially attached to the zygosporophore. The new genus may be related to Glotzia, Legeriomyes, and Zygopolaris, and similarities with these and other genera are compared and discussed. The new species often coexists in the same gut with Legeriomyces ramosus, which is reported for the first time in Spain.     

Studies of fossil hyaenids: the genera Hyaenictis Gaudry and Chasmaporthetes Hay, with a reconsideration of the Hyaenidae of Langebaanweg, South Africa

The fossil hyaenids from Langebaanweg in South Africa are revised taxonomically using both morphological comparisons and measurement data. Ictilherium preforfex is found to be a synonym of Ikelohyaena abronia . Other hyaenid taxa in this fauna are Hyaenictitherium namaquensis, Chasmaporthetes australis and a new taxon similar to Chasmaporthetes australis in the size and shape of the M₁, trigonid and other characters, but differing from this taxon in having short P₃ relative to P₂, a smaller anterior accessory cusp on P₄ and M₂, present. This taxon has previously been referred to Euryboas sp***, but comparison with Eurasian hyaenids indicates that it shares diagnostic characters with Hyaenictis graeca , type species of the genus Hyaenictis . This genus is poorly known and its content is reviewed. We find that only the new species from Langebaanweg, formally described as Hyaenictis hendeyi sp. nov. , and the Spanish Hyaenictis almerai probably belong in this genus, while other taxa intermittently referred to Hyaenictis belong to other genera. Thus, neither Leecyaena bosei nor Chasmaporthetes silberbergi belong in Hyaenictis .     

THE GENUS HYPOGLOSSUM KÜTZING (DELESSERIACEAE,RHODOPHYTA) IN THE TROPICAL WESTERN ATLANTIC,INCLUDING H. ANOMALUM SP. NOV.1

Observations are made on the occurrence and distribution of the red algal genus Hypoglossum Kützing (Delesseriaceae, Ceramiales) in the tropical western Atlantic. In addition to the type of the genus, H. hypoglossoides (Stackh.) Coll. & Herv., three other species are reported: H. anomalum sp. nov., H. involvens (Harv.) J. Ag., and H. tenuifolium (Harv.) J. Ag. A key is presented to distinguish these four species. The newly described species, H. anomalum, is like other species in the genus in that its branches arise endogenously from the primary axial row but it is unique in that the branches emerge from the parent blade at some point between the midline and the margin of the blade. The new species is reported from Puerto Rico and Florida.     

Haramonas pauciplastida sp. nov. (Raphidophyceae, Heterokontophyta) and phylogenetic analyses of Haramonas species using small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences

A new species of the Raphidophyceae, Haramonas pauciplastida sp. nov. from Canada is described. The genus Haramonas has been described based on the type species Haramonas dimorpha and currently only two species are known. This new alga belongs to the genus because it possesses a tubular invagination at the posterior end of the cell, producing a large amount of mucilage and generating both motile and non-motile phases in its life cycle. The chloroplast color of H. pauciplastida is yellowish green, and is similar to that of Haramonas viridis Horiguchi et Hoppenrath . However, this alga differs from the other species of the genus in that it possesses fewer chloroplasts, which are rarely overlapping. The ultrastructual study shows differences between these two species in the number of thylakoids in the lamella, the presence of a scattered pyrenoid matrix, and the position of the plastoglobuli. The phylogenetic analyses of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene from the Haramonas species reveal that three species can be distinguished genetically from each other and they form a robust clade in the Raphidophyceae. This result supports the notion that the characteristic features of Haramonas are synapomorphies. This is the first report of molecular data from the Haramonas species.     

Five new species of Triotemnus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) from Morocco and Yemen

Fivenew species of the genus Triotemnus from Morocco and Yemen are described. Triotemnus is a new genus of Scolytinae for the Yemen region. External morphology of the new species and all morphologically related species of the genus were studied. While the new species from Morocco are morphologically similar to the known species from the corresponding region, all three newly described species from Yemen, mainly two of them living in Socotra, are morphologically very different from all other known species of the genus. Geographical distribution and the probability of endemicity are discussed.